Kenneth L Beals
Biographic Data
| ID | 78876 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kenneth L Beals |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kenneth L |
| FAMILY NAME | Beals |
| SIGNATURE | BEALS K L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Oregon State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 307 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Body weight and ABO blood types
Four samples from widely separated and culturally distinct populations—U.S. college students, Mennonites, Egyptian villagers, and Brazilian migrants—are examined for evidence of a relationship between ABO blood type and body weight. Overall, the results do not support the existence of such a relationship, although they do offer further support to the possibility that females of AB blood type are consistently the heaviest phenotype. © 1994 Wiley‐L…
ABO Phenotype and Morphology
Cultural Correlates with Cranial Capacity
American AnthropologistVolume 92, Issue 1 p. 193-200 Cultural Correlates with Cranial Capacity Courtland L. Smith, Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKenneth L. Beals, Kenneth L. Beals Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Courtland L. Smith, Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more p…
Variation of Human Cranial Module
Brain Size, Cranial Morphology, Climate, and Time Machines [and Comments and Reply]
A bioclimatic model is evaluated as an explanation of variation in cranial capacity among 122 ethnic groups. Distribution of absolute and relative endocranial volume is mapped. Significant correlations occur with all nine climatic variables examined. Major foci of adaptation occur with solar radiation, vapor pressure, and winter temperature. Global mean trait increase is 2.5 cm per degree of equatorial distance. The interactive geometry between c…
On Cranial Morphology and Climate
Climate and the evolution of brachycephalization
Significant associations of cranial shape for 82 ethnic groups and seven climate variables are described. Variation among current populations is partially attributed to cold adaptation throughout the Pleistocene. Application of data files tabulated by the authors is described for a number of problems. Temporal distribution of 115 specimens indicates a geometric trend (CI = 76.7 – 1.96 log time × 10 3 ). Cranial indices are summarized within alter…
Redefining Race
Analysis of physical anthropology textbooks published in the United States in the years 1932-79 reveals a significant decline in support for the race concept, expecially in the 1970s. Before 1970 the great majority of texts expressed the view that races exist and that the race concept is a valid tool for the description and study of human variation. In the 1970s an increasing proportion of texts rejected the race concept, with the no-race view be…
Mindscapes and Science Theories [and Comments and Reply]
Four causal metatypes in science theories correspond to four cognitive/cogitative/perceptual types which vary from individual to individual. In any given culture, all individual types exist, but their percentage distribution varies from culture to culture. The four metatypes are (1) nonreciprocal causality (either probabilistic or deterministic), (2) independent events as most basic, (3) reciprocal causal loops, change-counteracting (either proba…
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
Social Norms, the Self, and Sociobiology
A. I. Hallowell tried to turn anthropology towards a sociobiology while the former field was still strongly opposed to any consideration of the evolution of human behavior. His work is of more than historical interest, however, because he stressed the evolution of the human ability to internalize social norms and evaluate self and others in terms of them. This ability is the basis of our species's trait of cultural rather than biological adaptati…
Physical Anthropology
On the Concept of Being Primitive
On Natural Selection and the Inheritance of Wealth [and Comments and Reply]
Greater reproductive variance among males than among females is presented as a component of natural selection's influence in determining preferential treatment of males in the inheritance of wealth. In conjunction, the transmission of sex chromosomes and their attendant probabilities of carrying genes identical by descent are traced for several generations in order to illustrate a male bias in species whose male sex is heterogametic (XY) while th…
More on Chimpanzees, Language, and Communication
Genetic Variation and Cultural Evolution 1
The breakdown of isolation between groups is theoretically expected to increase the amount of variation within groups. One measure of the in‐group variation is the frequency of heterozygosity; this should increase in accordance with the evolution of culture. Concurrently, the variation between groups should diminish. A survey of mean AB, MN, and Cc heterozygosity is undertaken on 252 ethnic groups. Each is classified by level of socio‐cultural in…
Head form and climatic stress
Empiric evidence indicates that the general distribution of the cephalic index is explicable in terms of climatic adaptation. Based on a sample of 339 populations, the magnitude of the index is statistically different between zones of predominantly dry heat, wet heat, wet cold and dry cold. There is an inverse relationship between the mean cephalic index and temperature. It is argued that the occupation of cold climates is one of the circumstance…
Brain Size, Cranial Morphology, Climate, and Time Machines [and Comments and Reply]
A bioclimatic model is evaluated as an explanation of variation in cranial capacity among 122 ethnic groups. Distribution of absolute and relative endocranial volume is mapped. Significant correlations occur with all nine climatic variables examined. Major foci of adaptation occur with solar radiation, vapor pressure, and winter temperature. Global mean trait increase is 2.5 cm per degree of equatorial distance. The interactive geometry between c…
Redefining Race
Analysis of physical anthropology textbooks published in the United States in the years 1932-79 reveals a significant decline in support for the race concept, expecially in the 1970s. Before 1970 the great majority of texts expressed the view that races exist and that the race concept is a valid tool for the description and study of human variation. In the 1970s an increasing proportion of texts rejected the race concept, with the no-race view be…
Head form and climatic stress
Empiric evidence indicates that the general distribution of the cephalic index is explicable in terms of climatic adaptation. Based on a sample of 339 populations, the magnitude of the index is statistically different between zones of predominantly dry heat, wet heat, wet cold and dry cold. There is an inverse relationship between the mean cephalic index and temperature. It is argued that the occupation of cold climates is one of the circumstance…
Climate and the evolution of brachycephalization
Significant associations of cranial shape for 82 ethnic groups and seven climate variables are described. Variation among current populations is partially attributed to cold adaptation throughout the Pleistocene. Application of data files tabulated by the authors is described for a number of problems. Temporal distribution of 115 specimens indicates a geometric trend (CI = 76.7 – 1.96 log time × 10 3 ). Cranial indices are summarized within alter…
Mindscapes and Science Theories [and Comments and Reply]
Four causal metatypes in science theories correspond to four cognitive/cogitative/perceptual types which vary from individual to individual. In any given culture, all individual types exist, but their percentage distribution varies from culture to culture. The four metatypes are (1) nonreciprocal causality (either probabilistic or deterministic), (2) independent events as most basic, (3) reciprocal causal loops, change-counteracting (either proba…
On Natural Selection and the Inheritance of Wealth [and Comments and Reply]
Greater reproductive variance among males than among females is presented as a component of natural selection's influence in determining preferential treatment of males in the inheritance of wealth. In conjunction, the transmission of sex chromosomes and their attendant probabilities of carrying genes identical by descent are traced for several generations in order to illustrate a male bias in species whose male sex is heterogametic (XY) while th…
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
Social Norms, the Self, and Sociobiology
A. I. Hallowell tried to turn anthropology towards a sociobiology while the former field was still strongly opposed to any consideration of the evolution of human behavior. His work is of more than historical interest, however, because he stressed the evolution of the human ability to internalize social norms and evaluate self and others in terms of them. This ability is the basis of our species's trait of cultural rather than biological adaptati…
Genetic Variation and Cultural Evolution 1
The breakdown of isolation between groups is theoretically expected to increase the amount of variation within groups. One measure of the in‐group variation is the frequency of heterozygosity; this should increase in accordance with the evolution of culture. Concurrently, the variation between groups should diminish. A survey of mean AB, MN, and Cc heterozygosity is undertaken on 252 ethnic groups. Each is classified by level of socio‐cultural in…
Cultural Correlates with Cranial Capacity
American AnthropologistVolume 92, Issue 1 p. 193-200 Cultural Correlates with Cranial Capacity Courtland L. Smith, Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKenneth L. Beals, Kenneth L. Beals Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Courtland L. Smith, Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more p…
Variation of Human Cranial Module
Head form and climatic stress
Empiric evidence indicates that the general distribution of the cephalic index is explicable in terms of climatic adaptation. Based on a sample of 339 populations, the magnitude of the index is statistically different between zones of predominantly dry heat, wet heat, wet cold and dry cold. There is an inverse relationship between the mean cephalic index and temperature. It is argued that the occupation of cold climates is one of the circumstance…
Genetic Variation and Cultural Evolution 1
The breakdown of isolation between groups is theoretically expected to increase the amount of variation within groups. One measure of the in‐group variation is the frequency of heterozygosity; this should increase in accordance with the evolution of culture. Concurrently, the variation between groups should diminish. A survey of mean AB, MN, and Cc heterozygosity is undertaken on 252 ethnic groups. Each is classified by level of socio‐cultural in…
On Natural Selection and the Inheritance of Wealth [and Comments and Reply]
Greater reproductive variance among males than among females is presented as a component of natural selection's influence in determining preferential treatment of males in the inheritance of wealth. In conjunction, the transmission of sex chromosomes and their attendant probabilities of carrying genes identical by descent are traced for several generations in order to illustrate a male bias in species whose male sex is heterogametic (XY) while th…
More on Chimpanzees, Language, and Communication
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
Social Norms, the Self, and Sociobiology
A. I. Hallowell tried to turn anthropology towards a sociobiology while the former field was still strongly opposed to any consideration of the evolution of human behavior. His work is of more than historical interest, however, because he stressed the evolution of the human ability to internalize social norms and evaluate self and others in terms of them. This ability is the basis of our species's trait of cultural rather than biological adaptati…
Physical Anthropology
On the Concept of Being Primitive
Mindscapes and Science Theories [and Comments and Reply]
Four causal metatypes in science theories correspond to four cognitive/cogitative/perceptual types which vary from individual to individual. In any given culture, all individual types exist, but their percentage distribution varies from culture to culture. The four metatypes are (1) nonreciprocal causality (either probabilistic or deterministic), (2) independent events as most basic, (3) reciprocal causal loops, change-counteracting (either proba…
Redefining Race
Analysis of physical anthropology textbooks published in the United States in the years 1932-79 reveals a significant decline in support for the race concept, expecially in the 1970s. Before 1970 the great majority of texts expressed the view that races exist and that the race concept is a valid tool for the description and study of human variation. In the 1970s an increasing proportion of texts rejected the race concept, with the no-race view be…
Climate and the evolution of brachycephalization
Significant associations of cranial shape for 82 ethnic groups and seven climate variables are described. Variation among current populations is partially attributed to cold adaptation throughout the Pleistocene. Application of data files tabulated by the authors is described for a number of problems. Temporal distribution of 115 specimens indicates a geometric trend (CI = 76.7 – 1.96 log time × 10 3 ). Cranial indices are summarized within alter…
Brain Size, Cranial Morphology, Climate, and Time Machines [and Comments and Reply]
A bioclimatic model is evaluated as an explanation of variation in cranial capacity among 122 ethnic groups. Distribution of absolute and relative endocranial volume is mapped. Significant correlations occur with all nine climatic variables examined. Major foci of adaptation occur with solar radiation, vapor pressure, and winter temperature. Global mean trait increase is 2.5 cm per degree of equatorial distance. The interactive geometry between c…
On Cranial Morphology and Climate
Variation of Human Cranial Module
Cultural Correlates with Cranial Capacity
American AnthropologistVolume 92, Issue 1 p. 193-200 Cultural Correlates with Cranial Capacity Courtland L. Smith, Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKenneth L. Beals, Kenneth L. Beals Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Courtland L. Smith, Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversitySearch for more p…
ABO Phenotype and Morphology
Body weight and ABO blood types
Four samples from widely separated and culturally distinct populations—U.S. college students, Mennonites, Egyptian villagers, and Brazilian migrants—are examined for evidence of a relationship between ABO blood type and body weight. Overall, the results do not support the existence of such a relationship, although they do offer further support to the possibility that females of AB blood type are consistently the heaviest phenotype. © 1994 Wiley‐L…
Sociology (12 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Anthropology (9 works) · History (9 works) · Archaeology (8 works) · Biology (8 works) · History (7 works) · Library science (6 works) · Geography (5 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (4 works)