Deborah M Capaldi
Biographic Data
| ID | 78932 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Deborah M Capaldi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Deborah M |
| FAMILY NAME | Capaldi |
| SIGNATURE | CAPALDI D M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Oregon Social Learning Center |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8057-5976 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 660 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Intergenerational stability in parenting across two generations: A multilevel meta-analytic review
Prospective Intergenerational Associations between Parents’ and Children’s Illicit Substance Use During Adolescence
OBJECTIVE: Intergenerational studies have identified relations between adolescents' and their future offspring's cannabis and alcohol use, but rarely have examined the association for other illicit drug use. Given the low prevalence of such use in community populations, we pooled data from three prospective intergenerational studies to test this link. METHOD: Participants were 1,060 children of 937 parents who had been repeatedly assessed since e…
Youth Exposure to Recreational Cannabis Legalization: Moderation of Effects by Sex and Parental Cannabis Use during Adolescence
Objective Few studies of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) have assessed adolescents both before and after RCL or considered moderators of RCL effects. The present study tested whether RCL was more strongly associated with cannabis use for girls and among youth whose parents had a history of cannabis use during adolescence.Method Data were pooled from 940 adolescents from three intergenerational studies that began in Washington (where RCL …
Configurations of mother–child and father–child attachment relationships as predictors of child language competence: An individual participant data meta-analysis
An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to test pre-registered hypotheses about how the configuration of attachment relationships to mothers and fathers predicts children's language competence. Data from seven studies (published between 1985 and 2014) including 719 children (M age: 19.84 months; 51% female; 87% White) were included in the linear mixed effects analyses. Mean language competence scores exceeded the population ave…
Commentary: The roles of mothers versus fathers in intergenerational family risk – a commentary on Rothenberg et al. (2023)
Basic research studies in the past 2 decades have established that conduct problems and antisocial behavior are associated across generations within families. The Fast Track study represents a major prevention effort with children showing higher levels of conduct problems in childhood, and the Rothenberg et al. ( Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 2022) study sheds light on whether this intervention has beneficial effects on the family …
Assessing associations in substance use across three generations: From grandparents to sons and from sons to their children
The Three Generational Study (3GS) began in the early 90s and involves the third generation (G3) offspring of second generation (G2) fathers who were originally recruited in 1984 as part of the Oregon Youth Study (OYS) in mid childhood (ages 9-10 years) along with their first- generation (G1) parents. As boys, the G2 fathers lived in higher delinquency neighborhoods of a medium-sized Pacific Northwestern United States city. The OYS-3GS examines q…
Changes in the Associations of Heavy Drinking and Drug Use with Intimate Partner Violence in Early Adulthood
Influences on Boys' Marijuana Use in High School: A Two‐Part Random Intercept Growth Model
This study examined differences in predictors of marijuana use versus quantity of marijuana use across the high school years, using annual assessments from the Oregon Youth Study (OYS) and a two-part model for semicontinuous data. The OYS is a community sample of at-risk boys followed from age 10 years. In order to capture dynamic prediction effects, change scores of predictors, as well as baseline scores, were included. Baseline predictors predo…
The Interplay Between Interpersonal Stress and Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Over Time for Young At-Risk Couples
Father–child transmission of school adjustment: A prospective intergenerational study
The intergenerational transmission of school adjustment was explored in a sample of 213 children and their fathers. The fathers were participants in a longitudinal study that began when they were in the 4th grade, and their children have been assessed at the ages of 21 months and 3, 5, and 7 years. Two components of school adjustment were measured: academic achievement and peer relations. Results show that the fathers' academic achievement and pe…
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence
A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence IPV was conducted. Inclusion criteria included publication in a peer-reviewed journal, a representative community sample or a clinical sample with a control group comparison, a response rate of at least 50%, use of a physical or sexual violence outcome measure, and control of confounding factors in the analyses. A total of 228 articles were included (170 articles with adult and 58 …
General Versus Specific Predictors of Male Arrest Trajectories: A Test of the Moffitt and Patterson Theories
Changes in At-Risk American Men's Crime and Substance Use Trajectories Following Fatherhood
Fatherhood can be a turning point in development and in men's crime and substance use trajectories. At-risk boys (N = 206) were assessed annually from ages 12 to 31 years. Crime, arrest, and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use trajectories were examined. Marriage was associated with lower levels of crime and less frequent substance use. Following the birth of a first biological child, men's crime trajectories showed slope decreases, and tobacco a…
Youth after‐school programs: Time to involve the parents and community
A prospective three generational study of fathers’ constructive parenting: Influences from family of origin, adolescent adjustment, and offspring temperament
This prospective, intergenerational study considered multiple influences on 102 fathers' constructive parenting of 181 children. Fathers in the 2nd generation (G2) were recruited as boys on the basis of neighborhood risk for delinquency and assessed through early adulthood. The fathers' parents (G1) and the G2 mothers of G3 also participated. A multiagent, multimethod approach was used to measure G1 and G2 constructive parenting (monitoring, disc…
The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Closing comments for the special section
The 5 studies in this special section both confirm prior findings regarding the intergenerational transmission of parenting and provide important new evidence regarding the intergenerational transmission of positive parenting and the developmental mediators that seem involved in that transmission. Consistent with earlier research, the findings suggest that harsh parenting in the 1st generation (G1) predicts similar behavior in the 2nd generation …
The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Introduction to the special section
Long-standing interest in the intergenerational transmission of parenting has stimulated work focused on child maltreatment, harsh parenting, and warm-supportive rearing. In addition to documenting significant, even if modest, continuity in parenting across generations, research in this area has addressed questions of mediation and moderation. This special section extends work in this general area, with 2 studies further chronicling intergenerati…
Use of Coercive Sexual Tactics Across 10 Years in At-Risk Young Men: Developmental Patterns and Co-occurring Problematic Dating Behaviors
Romantic Partners' Influence on Men's Likelihood of Arrest in Early Adulthood
Female romantic partners' influence on official crime occurrence for men across a 12‐year period in early adulthood was examined within a comprehensive dynamic prediction model, including both social learning and social control predictors. We hypothesized that relationship stability, rather than attachment to partner, would be associated with reduced likelihood of crime, whereas women's antisocial behavior would be a risk factor, along with devia…
Men's Aggression Toward Women: A 10-Year Panel Study
The present study examined the longitudinal course of men's physical and psychological aggression toward a partner across 10 years, using a community sample of young couples (N= 194) from at-risk backgrounds. Findings indicated that men's aggression decreased over time and that women's antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms predicted changes in men's aggression. This suggests the importance of studying social processes within the dyad to hav…
Observed Initiation and Reciprocity of Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples
Arrest Trajectories Across a 17‐year Span for Young Men: Relation to Dual Taxonomies and Self‐reported Offense Trajectories
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different operationalizations of offending behavior on the identified trajectories of offending and to relate findings to hypothesized dual taxonomy models. Prior research with 203 young men from the Oregon Youth Study identified six offender pathways, based on self‐report data (Wiesner and Capaldi, 2003). The current study used official records data (number of arrests) for the same sample. …
Generalizability Issues in Observational Studies of Couples: Sample Characteristics and Task Design
Generalizability of Gottman and Colleagues' Affective Process Models of Couples' Relationship Outcomes
The generalizability of the affective process models of J. M. Gottman et al. (1998) was examined using a community-based sample of 85 married or cohabiting couples with at-risk backgrounds. Predictive associations between affective processes assessed at about age 21 years and relationship status and satisfaction assessed approximately 2.5 years later were examined. The major findings of Gottman et al. failed to replicate. In particular, men's rej…
Special Reviewers
Prospective family predictors of aggression toward female partners for at-risk young men
Social learning models of the intergenerational transmission of aggression were tested for an at-risk sample of young adult men who entered a longitudinal study (Oregon Youth Study) in Grade 4 and were assessed with a female partner in young adulthood (17-20 years old). The associations of 2 family process variables--parental dyadic aggression and unskilled parenting, assessed both in late childhood and early adolescence with the son's later aggr…
Relation of parental transitions to boys' adjustment problems: I. A linear hypothesis: II. Mothers at risk for transitions and unskilled parenting
The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, the hypothesis that the relation of parental transitions to boys' adjustment problems is cumulative and linear is tested. Having established this relationship, the authors examined a process model that attempts to account for the association between parental transitions and boys' adjustment
Aggression toward female partners by at-risk young men: The contribution of male adolescent friendships
Deviancy training was examined as a risk factor for physical and psychological aggression toward a female partner among boys and young men in the Oregon Youth Study. Hostile talk about women during videotaped male friendship interactions was hypothesized to indicate a process by which aggression toward women is reinforced within male peer networks. Both antisocial behavior and hostile talk were predicted to be associated with later aggression tow…
Heterosexual risk behaviors in at-risk young men from early adolescence to young adulthood: Prevalence, prediction, and association with STD contraction
Health-compromising lifestyles involve stable patterns of behavior and are associated with high-risk social environments and accelerated developmental trajectories. Developmentally, antisocial behavior is associated with such lifestyles. Mediational models predicting a measure of lifetime average sexual risk behavior assessed over a 10-year period (from ages 13-14 to 22-23 years) were examined for a sample of at-risk young men. The measure includ…
Development and Validation of an Early Adolescent Temperament Measure
Two studies were employed to develop a self-report temperament measure for the early adolescent period. The measure was based on the work of Rothbart and colleagues with adults and focused on emotionality, reactivity, and self-regulation. In Study 1, 97 middle school students (SO girls and 47 boys), aged 11 to 14 years, completed the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ). In addition, 93 parents reported on their adolescent's temperam…
Middle Childhood Antecedents to Progressions in Male Adolescent Substance Use: An Ecological Analysis of Risk and Protection
Initiation of substance use before the age of 15 to 16 is a distinct risk factor for a variety of mental health problems and eventual drug abuse. Using multimethod, multi-agent measures of child, family, and peer antecedents at age 9 to 10, we studied the longitudinal effects in an at-risk sample of 206 boys. Event history analysis was used to examine the antecedents to patterned alcohol and tobacco use as well as experimentation with marijuana b…
The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Introduction to the special section
Long-standing interest in the intergenerational transmission of parenting has stimulated work focused on child maltreatment, harsh parenting, and warm-supportive rearing. In addition to documenting significant, even if modest, continuity in parenting across generations, research in this area has addressed questions of mediation and moderation. This special section extends work in this general area, with 2 studies further chronicling intergenerati…
Observed Initiation and Reciprocity of Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples
Observed and Reported Psychological and Physical Aggression in Young, At‐Risk Couples
The occurrence of observed and reported physical and psychological aggression was examined for young, at‐risk mostly unmarried couples using reports from both partners and observational data. It was predicted that males higher in antisocial behavior would be more likely to have an antisocial partner and that antisocial behavior would predict aggression toward the partner. The prevalence of reported physical aggression was comparable to that found…
Romantic Partners' Influence on Men's Likelihood of Arrest in Early Adulthood
Female romantic partners' influence on official crime occurrence for men across a 12‐year period in early adulthood was examined within a comprehensive dynamic prediction model, including both social learning and social control predictors. We hypothesized that relationship stability, rather than attachment to partner, would be associated with reduced likelihood of crime, whereas women's antisocial behavior would be a risk factor, along with devia…
The timing of entry into fatherhood in young, at-risk men
Timing of first fatherhood was examined in a sample of 206 at-risk, predominantly White men, followed prospectively for 17 years. An event history analysis was used to test a model wherein antisocial behavior, the contextual and familial factors that may contribute to the development of antisocial behavior, and common correlates of such behavior, including academic failure, substance use, and early initiation of sexual behaviors, lead both direct…
A prospective three generational study of fathers’ constructive parenting: Influences from family of origin, adolescent adjustment, and offspring temperament
This prospective, intergenerational study considered multiple influences on 102 fathers' constructive parenting of 181 children. Fathers in the 2nd generation (G2) were recruited as boys on the basis of neighborhood risk for delinquency and assessed through early adulthood. The fathers' parents (G1) and the G2 mothers of G3 also participated. A multiagent, multimethod approach was used to measure G1 and G2 constructive parenting (monitoring, disc…
Becoming an adolescent father: Precursors and parenting
A performance model for academic achievement in early adolescent boys
This study tests a model for conduct-related school failure in young adolescent boys. In this model, family characteristics and child antisocial behavior serve as predictors of school adjustment and academic performance. Ss were 206 youths and their families, followed from the 4th through 8th grades. Results indicated that low parental academic achievement was associated with ineffective discipline practices and child antisocial behavior in the 6…
Affective Expression in Family Problem-Solving Discussions with Adolescent Boys
Families who fail to stay problem-focused and instead resort to the exchange of negatively charged emotions during family problem-solving discussions tend to have more distressed adolescents and also fail to solve their disputes. The current study examined the role of 10 affects observed during family problem solving for an at-risk sample of approximately 200 boys and their parent(s). Affects were assessed at Grade 8 and at Grade 10 as part of an…
Arrest Trajectories Across a 17‐year Span for Young Men: Relation to Dual Taxonomies and Self‐reported Offense Trajectories
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different operationalizations of offending behavior on the identified trajectories of offending and to relate findings to hypothesized dual taxonomy models. Prior research with 203 young men from the Oregon Youth Study identified six offender pathways, based on self‐report data (Wiesner and Capaldi, 2003). The current study used official records data (number of arrests) for the same sample. …
Conducting Ecologically Valid Prevention Research: Recruiting and Retaining a “Whole Village” in Multimethod, Multiagent Studies
Many prevention studies are now designed with complementary interventions in different settings. Evaluations of these interventions require assessing the child's behavior in each of these settings. Conducting these studies, therefore, may involve recruiting school districts, principals, classroom teachers, peers, parents, siblings, and in later years, employers and intimate partners. These participants may be considered natural raters or satellit…
The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Closing comments for the special section
The 5 studies in this special section both confirm prior findings regarding the intergenerational transmission of parenting and provide important new evidence regarding the intergenerational transmission of positive parenting and the developmental mediators that seem involved in that transmission. Consistent with earlier research, the findings suggest that harsh parenting in the 1st generation (G1) predicts similar behavior in the 2nd generation …
Men's Aggression Toward Women: A 10-Year Panel Study
The present study examined the longitudinal course of men's physical and psychological aggression toward a partner across 10 years, using a community sample of young couples (N= 194) from at-risk backgrounds. Findings indicated that men's aggression decreased over time and that women's antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms predicted changes in men's aggression. This suggests the importance of studying social processes within the dyad to hav…
Generalizability of Gottman and Colleagues' Affective Process Models of Couples' Relationship Outcomes
The generalizability of the affective process models of J. M. Gottman et al. (1998) was examined using a community-based sample of 85 married or cohabiting couples with at-risk backgrounds. Predictive associations between affective processes assessed at about age 21 years and relationship status and satisfaction assessed approximately 2.5 years later were examined. The major findings of Gottman et al. failed to replicate. In particular, men's rej…
The Interplay Between Interpersonal Stress and Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Over Time for Young At-Risk Couples
Changes in At-Risk American Men's Crime and Substance Use Trajectories Following Fatherhood
Fatherhood can be a turning point in development and in men's crime and substance use trajectories. At-risk boys (N = 206) were assessed annually from ages 12 to 31 years. Crime, arrest, and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use trajectories were examined. Marriage was associated with lower levels of crime and less frequent substance use. Following the birth of a first biological child, men's crime trajectories showed slope decreases, and tobacco a…
Changes in the Associations of Heavy Drinking and Drug Use with Intimate Partner Violence in Early Adulthood
Influences on Boys' Marijuana Use in High School: A Two‐Part Random Intercept Growth Model
This study examined differences in predictors of marijuana use versus quantity of marijuana use across the high school years, using annual assessments from the Oregon Youth Study (OYS) and a two-part model for semicontinuous data. The OYS is a community sample of at-risk boys followed from age 10 years. In order to capture dynamic prediction effects, change scores of predictors, as well as baseline scores, were included. Baseline predictors predo…
General Versus Specific Predictors of Male Arrest Trajectories: A Test of the Moffitt and Patterson Theories
Relation of parental transitions to boys' adjustment problems: I. A linear hypothesis: II. Mothers at risk for transitions and unskilled parenting
The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, the hypothesis that the relation of parental transitions to boys' adjustment problems is cumulative and linear is tested. Having established this relationship, the authors examined a process model that attempts to account for the association between parental transitions and boys' adjustment
Development and Validation of an Early Adolescent Temperament Measure
Two studies were employed to develop a self-report temperament measure for the early adolescent period. The measure was based on the work of Rothbart and colleagues with adults and focused on emotionality, reactivity, and self-regulation. In Study 1, 97 middle school students (SO girls and 47 boys), aged 11 to 14 years, completed the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ). In addition, 93 parents reported on their adolescent's temperam…
A performance model for academic achievement in early adolescent boys
This study tests a model for conduct-related school failure in young adolescent boys. In this model, family characteristics and child antisocial behavior serve as predictors of school adjustment and academic performance. Ss were 206 youths and their families, followed from the 4th through 8th grades. Results indicated that low parental academic achievement was associated with ineffective discipline practices and child antisocial behavior in the 6…
Affective Expression in Family Problem-Solving Discussions with Adolescent Boys
Families who fail to stay problem-focused and instead resort to the exchange of negatively charged emotions during family problem-solving discussions tend to have more distressed adolescents and also fail to solve their disputes. The current study examined the role of 10 affects observed during family problem solving for an at-risk sample of approximately 200 boys and their parent(s). Affects were assessed at Grade 8 and at Grade 10 as part of an…
Predicting the Timing of First Sexual Intercourse for At-Risk Adolescent Males
Event history analysis was used to test a developmental model of the timing of first sexual intercourse in the Oregon Youth Study sample of adolescent males at risk for delinquency. The event history models spanned grades 7-12 with yearly multimethod, multiagent measures. A 3-step mediational model of predictors was tested, including contextual and process factors and boys' characteristics. Predictors included one-time measures of socioeconomic s…
The Reliability of Retrospective Report for Timing First Sexual Intercourse for Adolescent Males
Several recent studies have employed retrospective report of the timing of events at adolescence, particularly of age atfirst sexual intercourse. The value of such studies rests on the assumption of reliability of the report of age on the occasion. The current study provides a test of the reliability of report of age atfirst intercourse over relatively short peniods of time and consistency of reports of ever having engaged in intercourse. Subject…
Observed and Reported Psychological and Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples
Observed and Reported Psychological and Physical Aggression in Young, At‐Risk Couples
The occurrence of observed and reported physical and psychological aggression was examined for young, at‐risk mostly unmarried couples using reports from both partners and observational data. It was predicted that males higher in antisocial behavior would be more likely to have an antisocial partner and that antisocial behavior would predict aggression toward the partner. The prevalence of reported physical aggression was comparable to that found…
Conducting Ecologically Valid Prevention Research: Recruiting and Retaining a “Whole Village” in Multimethod, Multiagent Studies
Many prevention studies are now designed with complementary interventions in different settings. Evaluations of these interventions require assessing the child's behavior in each of these settings. Conducting these studies, therefore, may involve recruiting school districts, principals, classroom teachers, peers, parents, siblings, and in later years, employers and intimate partners. These participants may be considered natural raters or satellit…
Becoming an adolescent father: Precursors and parenting
Prospective family predictors of aggression toward female partners for at-risk young men
Social learning models of the intergenerational transmission of aggression were tested for an at-risk sample of young adult men who entered a longitudinal study (Oregon Youth Study) in Grade 4 and were assessed with a female partner in young adulthood (17-20 years old). The associations of 2 family process variables--parental dyadic aggression and unskilled parenting, assessed both in late childhood and early adolescence with the son's later aggr…
Middle Childhood Antecedents to Progressions in Male Adolescent Substance Use: An Ecological Analysis of Risk and Protection
Initiation of substance use before the age of 15 to 16 is a distinct risk factor for a variety of mental health problems and eventual drug abuse. Using multimethod, multi-agent measures of child, family, and peer antecedents at age 9 to 10, we studied the longitudinal effects in an at-risk sample of 206 boys. Event history analysis was used to examine the antecedents to patterned alcohol and tobacco use as well as experimentation with marijuana b…
Intergenerational transmission of abuse: A two-generational prospective study of an at-risk sample
Aggression toward female partners by at-risk young men: The contribution of male adolescent friendships
Deviancy training was examined as a risk factor for physical and psychological aggression toward a female partner among boys and young men in the Oregon Youth Study. Hostile talk about women during videotaped male friendship interactions was hypothesized to indicate a process by which aggression toward women is reinforced within male peer networks. Both antisocial behavior and hostile talk were predicted to be associated with later aggression tow…
Heterosexual risk behaviors in at-risk young men from early adolescence to young adulthood: Prevalence, prediction, and association with STD contraction
Health-compromising lifestyles involve stable patterns of behavior and are associated with high-risk social environments and accelerated developmental trajectories. Developmentally, antisocial behavior is associated with such lifestyles. Mediational models predicting a measure of lifetime average sexual risk behavior assessed over a 10-year period (from ages 13-14 to 22-23 years) were examined for a sample of at-risk young men. The measure includ…
Physical and Psychological Aggression in At-Risk Young Couples: Stability and Change in Young Adulthood
Physical and psychological aggression was examined over a 2 1/2-year period for at-risk young couples. It was predicted, first, that there would be persistence in any physical aggression across time in the group of couples who stayed together; second, that stability in levels of aggression toward a partner would be higher for men who remained with the same partner compared to men who repartnered; third, that increases in levels of aggression woul…
Special Reviewers
The timing of entry into fatherhood in young, at-risk men
Timing of first fatherhood was examined in a sample of 206 at-risk, predominantly White men, followed prospectively for 17 years. An event history analysis was used to test a model wherein antisocial behavior, the contextual and familial factors that may contribute to the development of antisocial behavior, and common correlates of such behavior, including academic failure, substance use, and early initiation of sexual behaviors, lead both direct…
Observed Initiation and Reciprocity of Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples
Arrest Trajectories Across a 17‐year Span for Young Men: Relation to Dual Taxonomies and Self‐reported Offense Trajectories
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different operationalizations of offending behavior on the identified trajectories of offending and to relate findings to hypothesized dual taxonomy models. Prior research with 203 young men from the Oregon Youth Study identified six offender pathways, based on self‐report data (Wiesner and Capaldi, 2003). The current study used official records data (number of arrests) for the same sample. …
Generalizability Issues in Observational Studies of Couples: Sample Characteristics and Task Design
Generalizability of Gottman and Colleagues' Affective Process Models of Couples' Relationship Outcomes
The generalizability of the affective process models of J. M. Gottman et al. (1998) was examined using a community-based sample of 85 married or cohabiting couples with at-risk backgrounds. Predictive associations between affective processes assessed at about age 21 years and relationship status and satisfaction assessed approximately 2.5 years later were examined. The major findings of Gottman et al. failed to replicate. In particular, men's rej…
Romantic Partners' Influence on Men's Likelihood of Arrest in Early Adulthood
Female romantic partners' influence on official crime occurrence for men across a 12‐year period in early adulthood was examined within a comprehensive dynamic prediction model, including both social learning and social control predictors. We hypothesized that relationship stability, rather than attachment to partner, would be associated with reduced likelihood of crime, whereas women's antisocial behavior would be a risk factor, along with devia…
Men's Aggression Toward Women: A 10-Year Panel Study
The present study examined the longitudinal course of men's physical and psychological aggression toward a partner across 10 years, using a community sample of young couples (N= 194) from at-risk backgrounds. Findings indicated that men's aggression decreased over time and that women's antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms predicted changes in men's aggression. This suggests the importance of studying social processes within the dyad to hav…
Youth after‐school programs: Time to involve the parents and community
Psychology (38 works) · Developmental psychology (34 works) · Clinical Psychology (21 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (16 works) · Clinical Psychology (16 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (12 works) · Psychiatry (12 works) · Demography (10 works)