Karen A Polonko
Biographic Data
| ID | 79256 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karen A Polonko |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karen A |
| FAMILY NAME | Polonko |
| SIGNATURE | POLONKO K A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Old Dominion University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 89 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Child Abuse
Research indicates that over one third of adults in the United States have been victims of child maltreatment including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and/or neglect as a child. This entry reviews the definitions and prevalence of child abuse, the multiple connections between less and more severe levels of abuse, and the serious negative consequences of all degrees of violence for the child throughout the life course. Traditional and huma…
Law Reform, Child Maltreatment and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
Scholars and practitioners stress the need for systematic research on the implementation of the un Convention on the Rights of the Child ( crc ) and its potential impact on children’s rights. Our study focused on one aspect of implementation – law reform. Drawing primarily on reports to the crc Committee for 179 countries, results show for most countries, implementation is limited and focused far more on child-welfare than child-rights based legi…
Peace education and childhood
Peace studies and peace education are multifaceted processes focusing on diverse audiences from children in elementary grades to those involved in political negotiations at the highest levels. This paper addresses the foundational importance of including conflict embedded in adult-child relationships in peace education. It conceptually grounds assignments for university level courses designed to teach concepts linked to peace education through th…
Non-Governmental Organisations and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
This study seeks to contribute to knowledge of the implementation of the U.N Convention on the Rights of the Child ( crc ). Focus was restricted to one of eight General Measures of Implementation – involvement of civil society, in particular, non-government organisations ( ngo s), in the implementation and monitoring of the crc . The study had three aims: (1) to develop initial indicators of ngo involvement; (2) to explore level of ngo activity; …
Child Abuse
Throughout the world, literally hundreds of millions of children are victims of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Restricting our focus to the US, over 3 million children are reported to official agencies for severe maltreatment in any given year (English 1998). While approximately 15 percent of children have been reported to agencies for maltreatment, surveys indicate that this figure grossly underestimates the true extent of the problem, as ove…
A Comparative Analysis of the Corporal Punishment of Children: An Exploration of Human Rights and U.S. Law
Using a comparative perspective, this paper explores two approaches to child/adult relationships and the practice of corporal punishment: a human rights perspective and a traditional perspective reflected in U.S. law. Source material for our analysis draws on statutes, court decisions, and human rights conventions relating to the status of children and corporal punishment. Legislation and case law reflecting each perspective are presented and ana…
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
Framing the Problem A Fresh Construct Theoretical Dimensions Underlying the Sexually Bonded Primary Relationship Elements Within the Relationship Toward a Model of Developing Sexually Mutual Influences Between the Developing Relationship and Its Developing Environment Influences Among Relationships, Children, and Adults The Impact of Women's Work and Occupational Structure Research Models and Observation Plans Prologue to Research and Application
Negotiating Divorce Outcomes: Can We Identify Patterns in Divorce Settlements
As nuclear families have become increasingly less stable over the past quarter of a century, married couples have been faced with the difficult task of negotiating the terms by which marriage is ended. For parents, divorce involves questions revolving around the care and sustenance of children. In this study, we investigate whether observed divorce settlements suggest that parents make trade-offs between several dimensions related to their childr…
Cohabitation and Marital Stability in the United States
Recent evidence from Canada and Sweden indicates that cohabitation prior to marriage signifzcantly increases the risk of subsequent marital dissolution. In this article we present results testing the hypotheses that cohabitation increases marital disruption in the United States. We find that premarital cohabitation increases the risk of subsequent marital instability. However, the effect of cohabitation can be attributed to theeact that cohabitan…
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
Marriage, Parenthood, and the College Enrollment of Men and Women
While much research has documented the delaying effects of education on marriage and parenthood, less research has focused on the impact of marriage and parenthood on subsequent education and haw this impact may vary between men and women. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, we find that both marriage and parenthood affect the education of men and women, with marriage being particularly detrimental to…
Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons
Journal Article Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons Get access Jay D. Teachman, Jay D. Teachman Old Dominion University Address correspondence to Jay D. Teachman, Department of Sociology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Karen A. Polonko, Karen A. Polonko Old Dominion University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Geoffrey…
Timing of the Transition to Parenthood: A Multidimensional Birth-Interval Approach
A conceptual framework for analyzing 1st-birth timing is outlined and potential determinants are examined using an appropriate multivariate methodology and data from the 1973 US National Survey of Family Growth. More specifically the impact of 3 dimensions on birth timing are tested for: historical time individual or couple time and socioeconomic background characteristics. Utilizing a birth-interval approach the socioeconomic characteristics con…
Out of Sequence: The Timing of Marriage Following a Premarital Birth
Childlessness and Marital Satisfaction: A Further Assessment
Utilizing a stratified random sample of respondents married after the age of 21, this article estimates models of marital satisfaction for theoretically relevant groups of women-voluntarily childless wives, undecided wives, postponing wives, and mothers. Results indicate that all three groups of childless wives have higher mean levels of marital satisfaction than do mothers. More important, the results also suggest that the processes generating m…
Determinants of 1950-1970 Change in Illegitimacy Rates in Developed Populations
We use data on 23 populations, a linear regression model, and measures derived from aggregate-level theories to analyze 1950 to 1970 changes in age-specific illegitimacy rates. Illegitimacy rates in 1950 have strong net effects on 1970 levels in most age groups, but a population's 1950 age at marriage, economic growth rate, and change in the status of women have large and significant net effects on all 23 populations and on change in early 1950 m…
A Conceptual Approach to Explicit Marital Negotiation
Areal structure and rates of childlessness among American wives in 1970
After merging data on counties from the 1970 census and data from 1969 family planning programs, we aggregated smaller counties as necessary into statistical areal units (SAU's) of at least 20,000 white or 10,000 Black women aged 15–44. We used multiple regression analysis of 12 white and 12 Black subgroups of wives (divided by age and 1969 family income) to test an explanatory model, based on cost‐reward theory, of areal variation in rates of ch…
Cohabitation and Marital Stability in the United States
Recent evidence from Canada and Sweden indicates that cohabitation prior to marriage signifzcantly increases the risk of subsequent marital dissolution. In this article we present results testing the hypotheses that cohabitation increases marital disruption in the United States. We find that premarital cohabitation increases the risk of subsequent marital instability. However, the effect of cohabitation can be attributed to theeact that cohabitan…
Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons
Journal Article Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons Get access Jay D. Teachman, Jay D. Teachman Old Dominion University Address correspondence to Jay D. Teachman, Department of Sociology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Karen A. Polonko, Karen A. Polonko Old Dominion University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Geoffrey…
Timing of the Transition to Parenthood: A Multidimensional Birth-Interval Approach
A conceptual framework for analyzing 1st-birth timing is outlined and potential determinants are examined using an appropriate multivariate methodology and data from the 1973 US National Survey of Family Growth. More specifically the impact of 3 dimensions on birth timing are tested for: historical time individual or couple time and socioeconomic background characteristics. Utilizing a birth-interval approach the socioeconomic characteristics con…
A Conceptual Approach to Explicit Marital Negotiation
Negotiating Divorce Outcomes: Can We Identify Patterns in Divorce Settlements
As nuclear families have become increasingly less stable over the past quarter of a century, married couples have been faced with the difficult task of negotiating the terms by which marriage is ended. For parents, divorce involves questions revolving around the care and sustenance of children. In this study, we investigate whether observed divorce settlements suggest that parents make trade-offs between several dimensions related to their childr…
Marriage, Parenthood, and the College Enrollment of Men and Women
While much research has documented the delaying effects of education on marriage and parenthood, less research has focused on the impact of marriage and parenthood on subsequent education and haw this impact may vary between men and women. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, we find that both marriage and parenthood affect the education of men and women, with marriage being particularly detrimental to…
Areal structure and rates of childlessness among American wives in 1970
After merging data on counties from the 1970 census and data from 1969 family planning programs, we aggregated smaller counties as necessary into statistical areal units (SAU's) of at least 20,000 white or 10,000 Black women aged 15–44. We used multiple regression analysis of 12 white and 12 Black subgroups of wives (divided by age and 1969 family income) to test an explanatory model, based on cost‐reward theory, of areal variation in rates of ch…
Non-Governmental Organisations and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
This study seeks to contribute to knowledge of the implementation of the U.N Convention on the Rights of the Child ( crc ). Focus was restricted to one of eight General Measures of Implementation – involvement of civil society, in particular, non-government organisations ( ngo s), in the implementation and monitoring of the crc . The study had three aims: (1) to develop initial indicators of ngo involvement; (2) to explore level of ngo activity; …
Determinants of 1950-1970 Change in Illegitimacy Rates in Developed Populations
We use data on 23 populations, a linear regression model, and measures derived from aggregate-level theories to analyze 1950 to 1970 changes in age-specific illegitimacy rates. Illegitimacy rates in 1950 have strong net effects on 1970 levels in most age groups, but a population's 1950 age at marriage, economic growth rate, and change in the status of women have large and significant net effects on all 23 populations and on change in early 1950 m…
Law Reform, Child Maltreatment and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
Scholars and practitioners stress the need for systematic research on the implementation of the un Convention on the Rights of the Child ( crc ) and its potential impact on children’s rights. Our study focused on one aspect of implementation – law reform. Drawing primarily on reports to the crc Committee for 179 countries, results show for most countries, implementation is limited and focused far more on child-welfare than child-rights based legi…
Out of Sequence: The Timing of Marriage Following a Premarital Birth
Peace education and childhood
Peace studies and peace education are multifaceted processes focusing on diverse audiences from children in elementary grades to those involved in political negotiations at the highest levels. This paper addresses the foundational importance of including conflict embedded in adult-child relationships in peace education. It conceptually grounds assignments for university level courses designed to teach concepts linked to peace education through th…
Childlessness and Marital Satisfaction: A Further Assessment
Utilizing a stratified random sample of respondents married after the age of 21, this article estimates models of marital satisfaction for theoretically relevant groups of women-voluntarily childless wives, undecided wives, postponing wives, and mothers. Results indicate that all three groups of childless wives have higher mean levels of marital satisfaction than do mothers. More important, the results also suggest that the processes generating m…
Areal structure and rates of childlessness among American wives in 1970
After merging data on counties from the 1970 census and data from 1969 family planning programs, we aggregated smaller counties as necessary into statistical areal units (SAU's) of at least 20,000 white or 10,000 Black women aged 15–44. We used multiple regression analysis of 12 white and 12 Black subgroups of wives (divided by age and 1969 family income) to test an explanatory model, based on cost‐reward theory, of areal variation in rates of ch…
A Conceptual Approach to Explicit Marital Negotiation
Determinants of 1950-1970 Change in Illegitimacy Rates in Developed Populations
We use data on 23 populations, a linear regression model, and measures derived from aggregate-level theories to analyze 1950 to 1970 changes in age-specific illegitimacy rates. Illegitimacy rates in 1950 have strong net effects on 1970 levels in most age groups, but a population's 1950 age at marriage, economic growth rate, and change in the status of women have large and significant net effects on all 23 populations and on change in early 1950 m…
Childlessness and Marital Satisfaction: A Further Assessment
Utilizing a stratified random sample of respondents married after the age of 21, this article estimates models of marital satisfaction for theoretically relevant groups of women-voluntarily childless wives, undecided wives, postponing wives, and mothers. Results indicate that all three groups of childless wives have higher mean levels of marital satisfaction than do mothers. More important, the results also suggest that the processes generating m…
Out of Sequence: The Timing of Marriage Following a Premarital Birth
Timing of the Transition to Parenthood: A Multidimensional Birth-Interval Approach
A conceptual framework for analyzing 1st-birth timing is outlined and potential determinants are examined using an appropriate multivariate methodology and data from the 1973 US National Survey of Family Growth. More specifically the impact of 3 dimensions on birth timing are tested for: historical time individual or couple time and socioeconomic background characteristics. Utilizing a birth-interval approach the socioeconomic characteristics con…
Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons
Journal Article Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons Get access Jay D. Teachman, Jay D. Teachman Old Dominion University Address correspondence to Jay D. Teachman, Department of Sociology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Karen A. Polonko, Karen A. Polonko Old Dominion University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Geoffrey…
Marriage, Parenthood, and the College Enrollment of Men and Women
While much research has documented the delaying effects of education on marriage and parenthood, less research has focused on the impact of marriage and parenthood on subsequent education and haw this impact may vary between men and women. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, we find that both marriage and parenthood affect the education of men and women, with marriage being particularly detrimental to…
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
Framing the Problem A Fresh Construct Theoretical Dimensions Underlying the Sexually Bonded Primary Relationship Elements Within the Relationship Toward a Model of Developing Sexually Mutual Influences Between the Developing Relationship and Its Developing Environment Influences Among Relationships, Children, and Adults The Impact of Women's Work and Occupational Structure Research Models and Observation Plans Prologue to Research and Application
Negotiating Divorce Outcomes: Can We Identify Patterns in Divorce Settlements
As nuclear families have become increasingly less stable over the past quarter of a century, married couples have been faced with the difficult task of negotiating the terms by which marriage is ended. For parents, divorce involves questions revolving around the care and sustenance of children. In this study, we investigate whether observed divorce settlements suggest that parents make trade-offs between several dimensions related to their childr…
Cohabitation and Marital Stability in the United States
Recent evidence from Canada and Sweden indicates that cohabitation prior to marriage signifzcantly increases the risk of subsequent marital dissolution. In this article we present results testing the hypotheses that cohabitation increases marital disruption in the United States. We find that premarital cohabitation increases the risk of subsequent marital instability. However, the effect of cohabitation can be attributed to theeact that cohabitan…
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships
A Comparative Analysis of the Corporal Punishment of Children: An Exploration of Human Rights and U.S. Law
Using a comparative perspective, this paper explores two approaches to child/adult relationships and the practice of corporal punishment: a human rights perspective and a traditional perspective reflected in U.S. law. Source material for our analysis draws on statutes, court decisions, and human rights conventions relating to the status of children and corporal punishment. Legislation and case law reflecting each perspective are presented and ana…
Child Abuse
Throughout the world, literally hundreds of millions of children are victims of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Restricting our focus to the US, over 3 million children are reported to official agencies for severe maltreatment in any given year (English 1998). While approximately 15 percent of children have been reported to agencies for maltreatment, surveys indicate that this figure grossly underestimates the true extent of the problem, as ove…
Peace education and childhood
Peace studies and peace education are multifaceted processes focusing on diverse audiences from children in elementary grades to those involved in political negotiations at the highest levels. This paper addresses the foundational importance of including conflict embedded in adult-child relationships in peace education. It conceptually grounds assignments for university level courses designed to teach concepts linked to peace education through th…
Non-Governmental Organisations and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
This study seeks to contribute to knowledge of the implementation of the U.N Convention on the Rights of the Child ( crc ). Focus was restricted to one of eight General Measures of Implementation – involvement of civil society, in particular, non-government organisations ( ngo s), in the implementation and monitoring of the crc . The study had three aims: (1) to develop initial indicators of ngo involvement; (2) to explore level of ngo activity; …
Child Abuse
Research indicates that over one third of adults in the United States have been victims of child maltreatment including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and/or neglect as a child. This entry reviews the definitions and prevalence of child abuse, the multiple connections between less and more severe levels of abuse, and the serious negative consequences of all degrees of violence for the child throughout the life course. Traditional and huma…
Law Reform, Child Maltreatment and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
Scholars and practitioners stress the need for systematic research on the implementation of the un Convention on the Rights of the Child ( crc ) and its potential impact on children’s rights. Our study focused on one aspect of implementation – law reform. Drawing primarily on reports to the crc Committee for 179 countries, results show for most countries, implementation is limited and focused far more on child-welfare than child-rights based legi…
Sociology (17 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Demography (7 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works) · Economics (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (6 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (6 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Political science (6 works)