Robert L Carneiro
Biographic Data
| ID | 79407 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert L Carneiro |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert L |
| FAMILY NAME | Carneiro |
| SIGNATURE | CARNEIRO R L |
| AFFILIATIONS | American Museum of Natural History |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 74 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 431 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 73 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1955 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
The Transition from Hunting to Horticulture in the Amazon Basin
Reprinted from Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (Tokyo and Kyoto, 1968, pp. 244–248). Robert L. Carneiro is Associate Curator of South American Ethnology, American Museum of Natural History, New York. He has combined field studies among the Kuikuru and Amahuaca Indians of the Amazon Basin with an interest in the role of ecological factors in the rise of complex societies. More recently,…
Evolutionism
Evolutionism holds that things are best understood as resulting from a long process of development. Two forms of evolution can be distinguished. Darwinian evolution, narrowly biological, is “descent with modification.” Spencerian evolution sees the process operating more broadly, manifesting itself in all domains of nature, including culture. Pioneered in anthropology by ethnologists, evolutionism today, following a half‐century of antievolutioni…
The Tribal Village and Its Culture: An Evolutionary Stage in the History of Human Society
Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology: A Critical History
Examines the history of evolutionism in cultural anthropology, beginning with its roots in the 19th century, through the half-century of anti-evolutionism, to its reemergence in the 1950s, and the current perspectives on it today. No other book covers the subject so fully or over such a long period of time.. Evolutionism and Cultural Anthropology traces the interaction of evolutionary thought and anthropological theory from Herbert Spencer to the…
Chiefdoms: Yesterday and Today
The Sons of the Moon: The Amahuaca Version of a Widespread Amazonian Myth
In a previous publication, I presented the Kuikuru version of an important myth from the Upper Xingú which I called "To the Village of the Jaguars." A version of this myth is widely distributed among Amazonian groups, including the Amahuaca, a Panoan-speaking group of eastern Peru and western Brazil. The Amahuaca version is presented here as I recorded it among them in 1960 and 1961. After presenting the text of the myth, I discuss specific simil…
Self-Organization and Dissipative Structures: Applications in the Physical and Social Sciences
Cariapé: Um Caso De Padronização De Erro Na Arqueologia
Através dos escritos de Betty J. Meggers e Clifford Evans, "cariapé" ficou estabelecido na literatura arqueológica como o nome das cinzas de uma casca de árvore rica em sílica, largamente utilizada por índios amazônicos como tempero da cerâmica. Mas a grafia "cariapé" é um erro; a forma corretaé "caraipé". Evidência é apresentada para provar isso e a fonte do erro é então demonstrada
A base ecológica dos cacicados amazônicos
Os cacicados encontrados na Amazônia na época do primeiro contato europeu têm se tornado objeto de crescente interesse antropológico. Esse artigo inicia por discutir as várias teorias que têm sido propostas para explicá-los, incluindo aquelas de Julian Steward, Betty Meggers e Clifford Evans, Donald Lathrap e Anna Roosevelt. Depois de descrever as várias teorias, o autor apresenta sua própria, que enfatiza fatores ecológicos, incluindo a guerra. …
Death Notices: Michael Ames, Craig Morris, Cynthia Nelson
The Mystery of the Cotton Tipití
In his article on the Arawak in the Handbook of South American Indians, Irving Rousecitesthe Taínoasusinga “cottontube”todetoxifybittermanioc.This “cotton tipití,” which is mentioned nowhere else, had always puzzled me. By going back into the early literature, however, it was possible to establish that this was an error based on the loose use of words by the chronicler Girolamo Benzoni in 1572. It is possible to conclude, therefore, that the cott…
Authors’ Responses
The Political Unification of the World: Whether, When, and How—Some Speculations
That the world will some day be ruled by a single government has been foreseen by visionary thinkers for well more than a century, and this article quotes a number of these predictions. However, there has been less agreement as to how a world state would be achieved. Some have held that it would occur through peaceful and voluntary means. Others have argued that it could only result—as have all other political coalescences in the past—through mil…
From Leaders to Rulers
From Leaders to Rulers. Jonathan Haas, ed. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001. 286 pp
Can anthropology be made a science? A retrospective glance
The history of anthropology is a growing field of study within the discipline itself. Our series 'Key Informants on the History of Anthropology' contributes to the discussion of how anthropology, as it is understood and practiced today, evolved and took shape. In the following invited contribution Robert L. Carneiro, who for more than four decades has worked as curator of South American Ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History, looks b…
Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon
Book review of Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon. Candace Slater. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 332 pp., chronology of key dates, glossary, notes, index. ISBN 0-520-22641-0
Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology: A Centennial Retrospective and Appraisal
On the occasion of its recent centennial, we trace the remarkable history of Herbert Spencer's 2,240 page Principles of Sociology , the most inductive, systematic, and comprehensive study of human society ever attempted. Spencer's bold aim was to establish empirically and then to explain (after the manner of the natural sciences) the 'relations of co-existence and sequence' among social phenomena. The database ('mass of evidence') required was so…
A Rapid Method of Archeological Seriation
To establish the chronological order of a series of surface sites which are not stratigraphically superimposed, archeologists make use of a technique known as seriation. The first systematic method for carrying out seriation was devised by Robinson and Brainerd in 1951. Since then, a number of other methods for doing so have been developed. Almost all of them, however, are laborious and time consum-ing. The present paper describes a new way of do…
Foundations of Social Inequality
Foundations of Social Inequality. T. Douglas Price and Gary M. Feinman. eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. 290 pp
Herbert Spencer; a Primary and Secondary Bibliography
Configurations of Power: Holistic Anthropology in Theory and Practice
War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding States and Indigenous Warfare
Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology
The Calusa and the Powhatan, native chiefdoms of North America
Widmer, Randolph J. The Evolution of the Calusa, A Nonagricultuml Chiefdom on the Southwest Florida Coast. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988. xv + 334 pp. including references and index. $18.95 paper. Rountree, Helen C. The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989. viii + 221 pp. including references and index. $18.95 cloth
The Role of Natural Selection in the Evolution of Culture
Food Taboos, Diet, and Hunting Strategy: The Adaptation to Animals in Amazon Cultural Ecology [and Comments and Reply]
The issue of food prohibitions on such Amazonian game animals as deer is examined from an ecological perspective, in contrast to previous symbolic or structuralist views on this subject. Examined in conjunction with settlement pattern, technology, animal behavior, and habitat productivity, which together determine the food-extraction potential of a population, the avoidance of certain inherently edible species by characterizing them as inebible i…
On the Relationship between Size of Population and Complexity of Social Organization
Darwinian Selection, Symbolic Variation, and the Evolution of Culture [and Comments and Reply]
Most contemporary models of cultural change are derived from pre-Darwinian, especially Spencerian, sources and are conditioned by such unstated assumptions as typological thinking and a belief in directed, adaptive variation. This paper defends a Darwinian selectionist approach to cultural evolution. Darwinian selectionism requires undirected, heritable variation. Selection acts upon variants that are not preferentially oriented to or generated w…
Scale Analysis as an Instrument for the Study of Cultural Evolution
On Determining the Probable Rate of Population Growth During the Neolithic
Shifts in Production and Organization: A Cluster-Interaction Model [and Comments and Reply]
Periods of intensification alternate with periods of shift of mode of production in pristine-state sequences; attendant upon these are regular shifts in sociopolitical organization. This paper develops an evolutionary model of these regularities and their relation to other traditional questions of state formation. Specifically it notes that rarely if ever do such transformations affect only a single precocious polity, at any level of sociocultura…
Reductionism in Cultural Ecology: The Amazon Case [and Comments and Reply]
Cultural ecologists attempting to trace the influence of ecological scarcities on cultural development are often criticized for reductionism. In the Amazon case, critics of ecological theories have argued that resource scarcity is of minor importance as a determinant of cultural features because native communities appear to enjoy abundant land and fully nutritious diets. This paper presents data and arguments suggesting that much of this "resourc…
Ascertaining, Testing, and Interpreting Sequences of Cultural Development
Cross-Currents in the Theory of State Formation
Development and Decline: The Evolution of Sociopolitical Organization. HENRI J. M. CLAESSEN, PIETER VAN DE VELDE, and M. ESTELLIE SMITH
The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology
The recent perceptible liaisons between comparative, functionalist, and evolutionist approaches to social life, suggest that Spencer (who excluded none of these approaches) might be usefully reconsidered. Robert L. Carneiro, who has judiciously edited these selections from Spencer's major sociological work and contributed a balanced fifty-page introduction, succeeds admirably in conveying a picture of Spencer the bold social scientist, from whom …
The Circumscription Theory: Challenge and Response
The Evolutionary Theories of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer [and Comments and Replies]
In this paper certain crucial differences between the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer are explored. Particular attention is given to the Lamarckian basis of Spencer's evolutionary doctrine
Hunting and Hunting Magic among the Amahuaca of the Peruvian Montana
The Amahuaca Indians inhabit the heavily forested region between the Ucayali and upper Jurua and Puriis rivers in Eastern Peru. At its greatest extent their territory encompassed perhaps 20,000 square miles (see map in Carneiro 1962:29), but today it has diminished to about a quarter of that size. The population of the Amahuaca, estimated at 6,000 to 9,000 around 1900 (von Hassel 1905:31), is today no more than about 500. Population density, form…
Foundations of Social Inequality
Foundations of Social Inequality. T. Douglas Price and Gary M. Feinman. eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. 290 pp
The Gift of Birds: Featherwork of Native South American Peoples
THE GIFT OF BIRDS: FEATHERWORK OF NATIVE SOUTH AMERICAN PEOPLES. University Museum, Philadelphia, PA. (Through April 1994
A base ecológica dos cacicados amazônicos
Os cacicados encontrados na Amazônia na época do primeiro contato europeu têm se tornado objeto de crescente interesse antropológico. Esse artigo inicia por discutir as várias teorias que têm sido propostas para explicá-los, incluindo aquelas de Julian Steward, Betty Meggers e Clifford Evans, Donald Lathrap e Anna Roosevelt. Depois de descrever as várias teorias, o autor apresenta sua própria, que enfatiza fatores ecológicos, incluindo a guerra. …
Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology: A Centennial Retrospective and Appraisal
On the occasion of its recent centennial, we trace the remarkable history of Herbert Spencer's 2,240 page Principles of Sociology , the most inductive, systematic, and comprehensive study of human society ever attempted. Spencer's bold aim was to establish empirically and then to explain (after the manner of the natural sciences) the 'relations of co-existence and sequence' among social phenomena. The database ('mass of evidence') required was so…
The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer's 'Principles of Sociology
The Amahuaca and the Spirit World
The Evolution of Complexity in Human Societies and Its Mathematical Expression
Social evolution reflects the need of societies to increase their organization if they are to remain integrated as they grow in size. Autonomous villages that become larger without at the same time elaborating their structure, generally fission. The rate at which a growing village must increase its structure to keep from splitting seems to be proportional to the 2/3 power of its population. As chiefdoms and states emerge, though, and villages los…
A Reappraisal of the Roles of Technology and Organization in the Origin of Civilization
The view that technological advance was the prime cause of the early civilizations is examined and rejected. Instead, it is argued that civilization was an organizational solution to specific social and ecological problems. Even where technology gave an impetus to the rise of civilization, it can be shown that the tools or weapons involved were themselves developed in response to societal demands. Thus, the invention of the steam engine, which le…
Structure, Function, and Equilibrium in the Evolutionism of Herbert Spencer
It is widely believed that Herbert Spencer dealt only with the general nature and direction of social evolution, and did not concern himself with its mechanisms and detailed workings. But this is not true. Spencer devoted considerable attention to the process by which societies adapt themselves to their environments, and the ways in which this adaptation is related to evolution. Indeed, in certain of his writings Spencer portrayed social evolutio…
The devolution of evolution
Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon
Book review of Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon. Candace Slater. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 332 pp., chronology of key dates, glossary, notes, index. ISBN 0-520-22641-0
Cariapé: Um Caso De Padronização De Erro Na Arqueologia
Através dos escritos de Betty J. Meggers e Clifford Evans, "cariapé" ficou estabelecido na literatura arqueológica como o nome das cinzas de uma casca de árvore rica em sílica, largamente utilizada por índios amazônicos como tempero da cerâmica. Mas a grafia "cariapé" é um erro; a forma corretaé "caraipé". Evidência é apresentada para provar isso e a fonte do erro é então demonstrada
Jungle Quest. Edward Weyer, Jr
Ethnology and Ethnography: The Trumaí Indians of Central Brazil. R obert F. M urphy and B uell Q uain . Foreword by C harles W agley
Ethnology and Ethnography: Notas de Viagem ao rio Paru de Leste. José Cândido de Melo Carvalho
An Instance of the Transport of Artifacts by Migratory Animals in South America
In an article in this journal some years ago, Heizer (1944) brought together a number of recorded instances of the transport of artifacts by migratory animals. These instances consisted entirely of cases in which a bird, a sea mammal, or a land mammal had been wounded by man and, surviving the wound, had carried part of the weapon imbedded in its flesh, to some area many miles away. The eventual killing of the animal elsewhere led to the discover…
Essays in the Science of Culture in Honor of Leslie A. White
Areas Culturais Indigenas do Brasil; 1900-1959. Eduardo Galvão
Scale Analysis as an Instrument for the Study of Cultural Evolution
The Amahuaca and the Spirit World
General and Ethnology: Evolution in the Arts and Other Theories of Culture History. Thomas Munro
General and Ethnology: Studies in the Religion of the South‐American Indians East of the Andes. Rafael KARSTEN. Edited by Arne Runeberg and Michael WEBSTER
The Savage and the Innocent
On Determining the Probable Rate of Population Growth During the Neolithic
The Evolution of Society: Selections from … Principles of Sociology
The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer's 'Principles of Sociology
The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology
The recent perceptible liaisons between comparative, functionalist, and evolutionist approaches to social life, suggest that Spencer (who excluded none of these approaches) might be usefully reconsidered. Robert L. Carneiro, who has judiciously edited these selections from Spencer's major sociological work and contributed a balanced fifty-page introduction, succeeds admirably in conveying a picture of Spencer the bold social scientist, from whom …
The Cocaine Eaters. Brian Moser and Donald Tayler
Ascertaining, Testing, and Interpreting Sequences of Cultural Development
A Theory of the Origin of the State: Traditional theories of state origins are considered and rejected in favor of a new ecological hypothesis.
In summary, then, the circumscription theory in its elaborated form goes far toward accounting for the origin of the state. It explains why states arose where they did, and why they failed to arise elsewhere. It shows the state to be a predictable response to certain specific cultural, demographic, and ecological conditions. Thus, it helps to elucidate what was undoubtedly the most important single step ever taken in the political evolution of ma…
Linguistics: Classification of South American Indian Languages. Cestmír Loukotka. Johannes Wilbert, ed
Hunting and Hunting Magic among the Amahuaca of the Peruvian Montana
The Amahuaca Indians inhabit the heavily forested region between the Ucayali and upper Jurua and Puriis rivers in Eastern Peru. At its greatest extent their territory encompassed perhaps 20,000 square miles (see map in Carneiro 1962:29), but today it has diminished to about a quarter of that size. The population of the Amahuaca, estimated at 6,000 to 9,000 around 1900 (von Hassel 1905:31), is today no more than about 500. Population density, form…
A Quantitative Law in Anthropology
The contention by Donn T. Bayard that anthropology is not rigorous enough to be a science or to formulate scientific laws is challenged, and an example is presented of a regularity in cultural evolution with a claim to being considered a statistical law
The devolution of evolution
A Quantitative Law Defended
The criticisms raised by Donn T. Bayard against a proposed statistical law of culture are examined, and an attempt is made to refute them
Structure, Function, and Equilibrium in the Evolutionism of Herbert Spencer
It is widely believed that Herbert Spencer dealt only with the general nature and direction of social evolution, and did not concern himself with its mechanisms and detailed workings. But this is not true. Spencer devoted considerable attention to the process by which societies adapt themselves to their environments, and the ways in which this adaptation is related to evolution. Indeed, in certain of his writings Spencer portrayed social evolutio…
The Evolutionary Theories of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer [and Comments and Replies]
In this paper certain crucial differences between the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer are explored. Particular attention is given to the Lamarckian basis of Spencer's evolutionary doctrine
Sociology (43 works) · History (39 works) · Computer Science (28 works) · Philosophy (24 works) · Anthropology (22 works) · Geography (22 works) · Biology (20 works) · History (20 works) · Library science (17 works) · Epistemology (16 works)