Herbert Ingram
Biographic Data
| ID | 79486 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Herbert Ingram |
| GIVEN NAMES | Herbert |
| FAMILY NAME | Ingram |
| SIGNATURE | INGRAM H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1532-1347 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 59 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1902 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 59 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1946 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Peter De Leon’s Commitment to Democracy
I first encountered the work of policy scholar Peter de Leon in the late 1970s when the interdisciplinary field of public policy was just emerging. As a beginning professor I read his chapter on policy termination, in the 1979 book on the policy cycle edited by May and Wildavsky. A few years later, I joined a packed audience to hear him speak about his ideas of the policy stages and cycle analyses, where he described the policy process as occurri…
Social Constructions, Anticipatory Feedback Strategies, and Deceptive Public Policy
Elected leaders adopt “anticipatory feedback strategies” in designing public policies that generate support and forestall opposition. This contention is at the core of a social construction theory of feedback. Officials anticipate approval when policies allocate benefits to powerful groups socially constructed as deserving and allocate costs or punishment to groups viewed as undeserving, particularly if these groups lack political power. Designs …
Framing the target in policy formulation: The importance of social constructions
Social constructions of the target populations of public policy heavily influence the process by which policies are created. In the case of policy formulation in particular, framing the target population has a profound impact on the selection of policy tools. The chapter argues that these social constructions impacting policy formulation become deeply embedded into policy-making orientations, explaining how some groups are more advantaged than ot…
The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks
What's the story? Creating and sustaining environmental networks
Networks have been embraced as appropriate means for environmental governance because of their potential inclusivity, flexibility, resilience, and ability to comprehend multiple values and ways of knowing. Analysis of networks, however, falls short of accounting for the emergence and persistence of these innovative and complex modes of governance, as well as their failures. We offer a framework for using narrative to understand and evaluate netwo…
The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks
Theory and case studies demonstrate the analytic potential of mutually constitutive “narrative networks” in environmental governance. For as long has humans have lived in communities, storytelling has bound people to each other and to their environments. In recent times, scholars have noted how social networks arise around issues of resource and ecological management. In this book, Raul Lejano, Mrill Ingram, and Helen Ingram argue that stories, o…
Modeling the commons as a game with vector payoffs
Since Hardin first formulated the tragedy of the commons, researchers have described various ways that commons problems are solved, all based on the model of individual rationality. Invariably, these institutional solutions involve creating some system of property rights. We formulate an alternative model, one not founded on property rights but on decision-making around so-called vector payoffs. The model is formalized and an existence proof prov…
Ambiguity: The Challenge of Knowing and Deciding Together
Sonoran Desert Network Weavers: Surprising Environmental Successes on the U.S./Mexico Border
A Founder: Aaron Wildavsky and the Study of Public Policy
During the decade of the 1960s a new social science discipline was created. Aaron Wildavsky, along with a small number of other scholars, began focusing their research on public policy studies and the analysis of governmental policy. This article discusses Professor Aaron Wildavsky's original interest in this field, how he institutionalized it by creating a Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and his major …
Policy Analysis for Democracy
This article suggests that the contexts for most public policies are experiencing rapid changes. This requires a focus on the democracy gap, which has previously been ignored by policy analysts. The article presents a brief discussion of the meanings of conditions for democracy, and conceives some possible linkages between democratic conditions and public policy content or design. These linkages are then developed as the subject matter for policy…
Making Science Useful to Decision Makers: Climate Forecasts, Water Management, and Knowledge Networks
Moving from climate science to adaptive action is an immense challenge, especially in highly institutionalized sectors such as water resources. Knowledge networks are valuable strategies to put climate information to use. They overcome barriers to information adoption such as stovepipes, pipelines, and restricted decision space, and they can be responsive to issues of salience and the hurdles of reliability, credibility, and trust. Collaboration …
Contentious Perspectives on Water Resources
By the end of the 21st century water may replace oil as the most contentious of global natural resource problems. Water is becoming increasingly scarce, and today water can not be found in the quantity, quality and price to meet the ever growing demand for it around the world. Even in places where water would seem to be sufficient to meet needs it is often misallocated, wasted, and degraded by pollution. Climate change is promising to make alread…
Collaborative networks and new ways of knowing
The Importance of Context: Integrating Resource Conservation with Local Institutions
This article focuses on the manner by which resource management regimes, often conceived far away from their areas of application, are integrated into the local institutions, practices, and social structures of a place. This process of contextualization may be especially critical where, for reasons of resource scarcity, remoteness, or system complexity, the state cannot engage in effective program management. The thesis of the article is that if …
Public Policy and Democratic Citizenship: What Kinds of Citizenship Does Policy Promote?
Water as a multi-dimensional value: Implications for participation and transparency
Ways of Knowing and Inclusive Management Practices
The authors engage structural and agentic perspectives to examine opportunities for deliberation and the purposeful role of managers in creating those opportunities. Drawing on actor‐network theory as a way of understanding the process of structuring knowledge, this essay focuses on the continuous enactment and reenactment of networks of human and nonhuman actants and the associations that connect them. This thinking is applied to policy issues, …
Weather Forecasts are for Wimps: Why Water Resource Managers Do Not Use Climate Forecasts
Deserving and Entitled: Social Constructions and Public Policy
A Response to Peter deLeon
Conflict in the Borderlands
Debate: “Biopolitics” and the Missing Political Scientists
A Report on the Congressional Fellowship Program, 1994–95 and 1995–96
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Public Policy for Democracy
Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy
We argue that the social construction of target populations is an important, albeit overlooked, political phenomenon that should take its place in the study of public policy by political scientists. The theory contends that social constructions influence the policy agenda and the selection of policy tools, as well as the rationales that legitimate policy choices. Constructions become embedded in policy as messages that are absorbed by citizens an…
Behavioral Assumptions of Policy Tools
This paper provides a framework to analyze the implicit or explicit behavioral theories found in laws, regulations, and programs. The analysis focuses on policy tools or instruments and the underlying behavioral assumptions that guide their choice. We begin with the premise that public policy almost always attempts to get people to do things they otherwise would not have done, or it enables them to do things they might not have done otherwise. Po…
Systematically Pinching Ideas: A Comparative Approach to Policy Design
Policy design, whether conceptualized as a verb referring to the process of formulating policy ideas, or as a noun describing the logic through which policy intends to achieve its objectives, remains relatively uncharted territory. This paper reviews what we know about how policy designs emerge, and identifies the kinds of biases and weaknesses that are introduced into designs by the decision heuristics employed. Theories of policy invention and …
Ways of Knowing and Inclusive Management Practices
The authors engage structural and agentic perspectives to examine opportunities for deliberation and the purposeful role of managers in creating those opportunities. Drawing on actor‐network theory as a way of understanding the process of structuring knowledge, this essay focuses on the continuous enactment and reenactment of networks of human and nonhuman actants and the associations that connect them. This thinking is applied to policy issues, …
Ambiguity: The Challenge of Knowing and Deciding Together
Social Constructions, Anticipatory Feedback Strategies, and Deceptive Public Policy
Elected leaders adopt “anticipatory feedback strategies” in designing public policies that generate support and forestall opposition. This contention is at the core of a social construction theory of feedback. Officials anticipate approval when policies allocate benefits to powerful groups socially constructed as deserving and allocate costs or punishment to groups viewed as undeserving, particularly if these groups lack political power. Designs …
Improving Implementation Through Framing Smarter Statutes
Statutory design is the source of many problems encountered in implementation, yet policy scholars have not made much headway in providing coherent and consistent advice for framing smarter statutes. There is a great deal of disagreement about how much discretion statutes should leave to implementers, and four distinct and conflicting schools of thought have emerged. This article advises that none of the perspectives is always correct and pattern…
Collaborative networks and new ways of knowing
Social Construction (Continued): Response
Social Construction (Continued)
In thisReviewin June 1993 Anne Schneider and Helen Ingram argued that the social construction of target populations is an important political and policy phenomenon. Robert Lieberman criticizes Schneider and Ingram's "circular" conceptualization of public policy and social construction. He proposes a "historical-institutional" framework for understanding the role of group identities in political change. Lieberman analyzes the dual experience of Af…
The Choice of Target Populations
Public policy almost always seeks to change the behavior of one or more target populations who are ostensibly linked to the problems the policy is seeking to address. This paper argues that statutory designers and agency officials almost always have a choice from among several potential target groups, and that institutional factors often influence them to make inappropriate choices. Statutory designers, who it is assumed are sensitive to electora…
The Importance of Context: Integrating Resource Conservation with Local Institutions
This article focuses on the manner by which resource management regimes, often conceived far away from their areas of application, are integrated into the local institutions, practices, and social structures of a place. This process of contextualization may be especially critical where, for reasons of resource scarcity, remoteness, or system complexity, the state cannot engage in effective program management. The thesis of the article is that if …
Traversing Boundaries: A Public Policy Approach to the Analysis of Foreign Policy
HT HIS article traverses boundaries in two different senses: the conceputal division between foreign and other policy, and the political dividing line between the United States and Mexico. The ideas and frameworks used by scholars of public policy and foreign policy have remained separate even though complex interdependence has come to characterize world politics, and the line between domestic and international affairs has blurred (Hanreider 1970…
What's the story? Creating and sustaining environmental networks
Networks have been embraced as appropriate means for environmental governance because of their potential inclusivity, flexibility, resilience, and ability to comprehend multiple values and ways of knowing. Analysis of networks, however, falls short of accounting for the emergence and persistence of these innovative and complex modes of governance, as well as their failures. We offer a framework for using narrative to understand and evaluate netwo…
A Response to Peter deLeon
Water Scarcity and the Politics of Plenty in the Four Corners States
ECISIONS made within states will determine future allocations of water resources in the West. Recent attempts by the federal government to exert stronger influence over the uses water is to serve largely have failed. Shortly after coming to office, the Carter Administration embarked upon a comprehensive review of water resources policy, aimed in part at finding means to force states to change what the administration viewed as antiquated water rig…
Sonoran Desert Network Weavers: Surprising Environmental Successes on the U.S./Mexico Border
To Enact a Law: Congress and Campaign Financing
Modeling the commons as a game with vector payoffs
Since Hardin first formulated the tragedy of the commons, researchers have described various ways that commons problems are solved, all based on the model of individual rationality. Invariably, these institutional solutions involve creating some system of property rights. We formulate an alternative model, one not founded on property rights but on decision-making around so-called vector payoffs. The model is formalized and an existence proof prov…
Debate: “Biopolitics” and the Missing Political Scientists
Politics, Policy, & Public Choice: A Critique & a Proposal
Public choice theory is hailed by some as a paradigm for the study of politics. This article examines choice theory, probing its possibilities and limits with respect to its aims and assumptions, criticisms from political and policy scientists, and responses from choice theorists. The authors argue that despite attempts to extend the application of choice theory, there remain certain essentially political subject matters that resist its rationali…
Community Values In Southwest Water Management
This paper challenges the applicability of the policy framework, labeled the new resource economics, to Western water management, particularly as applied to two examples examined in the paper: the Papago Tribe in South Central Arizona, and Hispanic villages along the Upper Rio Grande River. Contrary to the assumptions of new resource cconomics, water is regarded by these communities not just as an economic commodity but as a special resource clos…
Water as a multi-dimensional value: Implications for participation and transparency
Public Policy for Democracy
A fundamental rethinking is under way about the roles of government, citizens, and community organizations in public policy. Can government be reconstructed to make public policies more responsive to citizens and thus more effective? This challenge is apparent in the activist policy agenda of the Clinton administration, which supports national service programs, government-voluntary collaborations, and community-based development projects. Public …
Water and Poverty in the Southwest
Form: An important factor in the dating of early Chinese ceramics
The Courts, the Public and the Law Explosion
The Impact of Constituency on the Process of Legislating
The Impact of Constituency On the Process of Legislating
OBVIOUSLY legislators in a democratic system ought to be representative. Just how the representative should stand for his district in the legislative body is far from clear-cut. Historically the two dominant theories of representation have counselled the legislator to act in diametrically opposing ways. Adherents to the Burkean school prescribe an ear to the voice of conscience rather than to the polls and correspondence. On the other hand, follo…
Patterns of Politics in Water Resource Development: A Case Study of New Mexico's Role in the Colorado River Basin Bill
To Enact a Law: Congress and Campaign Financing
Federal Water Resources Management: The Administrative Setting
Distributive Framework
Distributive Politics Reconsidered—The Wisdom of the Western Water Ethic in the Contemporary Energy Context
Future Policy Directions: Challenges for the States
Who is to decide?" is the quintessential question in politics. For energy and environmental policies, the issue will be partially determined by which level of government, federal or state, serves as the central decision-making arena. This article suggests that, if brought together, the insights of two separate literatures might usefully be applied to this question. An overview of natural resources and environmental policy literature will suggest …
Water Scarcity and the Politics of Plenty in the Four Corners States
ECISIONS made within states will determine future allocations of water resources in the West. Recent attempts by the federal government to exert stronger influence over the uses water is to serve largely have failed. Shortly after coming to office, the Carter Administration embarked upon a comprehensive review of water resources policy, aimed in part at finding means to force states to change what the administration viewed as antiquated water rig…
State Legislatures and the New Federalism
Water Resource Development
Both the federal and state governments have strong constitutional daims and political resources with which to influence the allocation of water resources. Until the 1970s. federal agencies were able to dominate kr setting goals and objectives. However, when the federal government attempted to implement a national water policy in the 1970s, effective opposition was mounted by the states. Both the states and the federal government now exert decisiv…
The Policy Analysis of Water Shortages
Allen V. Kneese and F. Lee Brown, The Southwest Under Stress.Richard A. Berk, et al., Water Shortage
Introduction: Water Resources and Public Policy
Research in water resource policy historically has reflected more general trends in public policy analysis. This symposium focuses more narrowly upon a sample of some contemporary issues
Community Values In Southwest Water Management
This paper challenges the applicability of the policy framework, labeled the new resource economics, to Western water management, particularly as applied to two examples examined in the paper: the Papago Tribe in South Central Arizona, and Hispanic villages along the Upper Rio Grande River. Contrary to the assumptions of new resource cconomics, water is regarded by these communities not just as an economic commodity but as a special resource clos…
Report of the Treasurer, The American Political Science Association, 1985–1986
Report of the Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, 1986–87
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Environmental Regulation
Politics, Policy, & Public Choice: A Critique & a Proposal
Public choice theory is hailed by some as a paradigm for the study of politics. This article examines choice theory, probing its possibilities and limits with respect to its aims and assumptions, criticisms from political and policy scientists, and responses from choice theorists. The authors argue that despite attempts to extend the application of choice theory, there remain certain essentially political subject matters that resist its rationali…
Systematically Pinching Ideas: A Comparative Approach to Policy Design
Policy design, whether conceptualized as a verb referring to the process of formulating policy ideas, or as a noun describing the logic through which policy intends to achieve its objectives, remains relatively uncharted territory. This paper reviews what we know about how policy designs emerge, and identifies the kinds of biases and weaknesses that are introduced into designs by the decision heuristics employed. Theories of policy invention and …
Traversing Boundaries: A Public Policy Approach to the Analysis of Foreign Policy
HT HIS article traverses boundaries in two different senses: the conceputal division between foreign and other policy, and the political dividing line between the United States and Mexico. The ideas and frameworks used by scholars of public policy and foreign policy have remained separate even though complex interdependence has come to characterize world politics, and the line between domestic and international affairs has blurred (Hanreider 1970…
Water and Poverty in the Southwest
Journal Article Water and Poverty in the Southwest Get access Water and Poverty in the Southwest. By Brown F. Lee Ingram Helen M.. (Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 1987. xi + 226 pp. Maps, tables, notes, index. $19.95, cloth; $12.95, paper.) James E. Sherow James E. Sherow Southwest Texas State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 20, Issue 1, February 1989, …
How Book Reviewers Can Recognize a Classic When They See One
T he End of Liberalism is one of the most widely read books in political science. As book review editor of the American Political Science Review , it interests me that the reviewers of neither the first nor second edition of the book predicted its enormous success. While the reviews were clearly positive in tone, they were far from effusive, and none suggested that the book would become required reading for a generation of political science stude…
Rudder on Sabbatical Leave; Hauck Serving as Acting Director
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