Raúl L Madrid
Biographic Data
| ID | 802565 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Raúl L Madrid |
| GIVEN NAMES | Raúl L |
| FAMILY NAME | Madrid |
| SIGNATURE | MADRID R L |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9613-6193 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 312 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Por la Razón o por la Fuerza. La pacificación interna de América del Sur (1830-1929)
A lo largo del siglo XIX, América del Sur enfrentó una serie de conflictos internos que provocaron inestabilidad en las economías y en los sistemas políticos de la región. Sin embargo, a principios del siglo XX, los niveles de violencia política en toda la región disminuyeron drásticamente. Los estudios existentes han prestado sorprendentemente poca atención a esta transformación histórica, en parte debido a la ausencia de datos exhaustivos sobre…
Reining in Rebellion: The Decline of Political Violence in South America, 1830–1929
During the nineteenth century, South America was plagued by internal rebellions that destabilized the region's economies and political systems. At the beginning of the twentieth century, however, levels of political violence throughout the region declined dramatically. Existing scholarship has paid surprisingly little attention to this historic transformation, in part because comprehensive data on revolts have been lacking. Historical narratives …
Normalizing Diversity in Merit Review Forms
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Relevance of Religion for Political Office: Voter Bias Toward Candidates from Different Religious Backgrounds
Over the last several decades, Gallup data shows an increased willingness among members of the public to support presidential candidates from a wide range of religious backgrounds, though a nontrivial proportion of the public is still unwilling to vote for an Atheist, Mormon, or Muslim. What underlies this opposition? We argue that voters evaluate candidates from religious out-groups more negatively on a wide range of dimensions considered desira…
The perils of personalism
What impact does personalism, or presidential dominance of a weakly organized ruling party, have on the level of democracy? We argue that presidents who dominate their own weakly organized parties are more likely to seek to concentrate power, undermine horizontal accountability, and trample the rule of law than presidents who preside over parties that have an independent leadership and an institutionalized bureaucracy. Independent party leaders, …
Framing and immigration through the trump era
For the last decade, undocumented or illegal immigration has been one of the most contested policy issues in the United States, with significant news attention on policies affecting the undocumented population, ranging from deportations to comprehensive immigration reform, the DREAM Act, and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Despite these prominent and multifaceted policy debates, scholarship on media framing and public opinion remain more …
Ethnicity, Institutions, and Female Representation
What impact does the size of the ethnic minority population have on the representation of women in national legislatures? We examine this question by using provincial-level data from 32 Latin American and postcommunist countries. Our study finds that the size of the ethnic minority population shapes female legislative representation but only in candidate-centric electoral systems. In party-centric systems, any gender bias or resource disadvantage…
Opposition Parties and the Origins of Democracy in Latin America
The Partisan Path to Democracy: Argentina in Comparative Perspective
What leads to the initial emergence of democracy? Many studies view democratization as the product of a class struggle over economic redistribution, pitting the landed elites against the masses or the bourgeoisie. This article, by contrast, argues that the initial emergence of democracy in South America stemmed from a struggle between elite parties or factions that pursued (or opposed) democratic reform to gain (or maintain) political power. Demo…
Descriptive Representation and Regime Support in Latin America
Does descriptive representation matter? We analyze the impact of descriptive representation on regime support among women and the self-identified indigenous population in Latin America. We find that having a female president does not have a consistent impact on regime support among Latin American women, but that the election of an indigenous president has significantly boosted regime support among indigenous people in Bolivia. We suggest that eth…
The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America
The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America explores why indigenous movements have recently won elections for the first time in the history of the region. Raúl L. Madrid argues that some indigenous parties have won by using inclusive populist appeals to reach out to whites and mestizos. Indigenous parties have managed to win support across ethnic lines because the long history of racial mixing in Latin America blurred ethnic boundaries and reduc…
Ethnic Proximity and Ethnic Voting in Peru
Peru, in contrast to neighbouring Bolivia and Ecuador, has neither an important indigenous party nor a strong indigenous movement. Nevertheless, in recent years a growing gap has emerged in the voting patterns of indigenous and non-indigenous areas. This article maintains that this gap has developed because some Peruvian politicians, including Alberto Fujimori, Alejandro Toledo and Ollanta Humala, successfully wooed indigenous voters with a combi…
Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings
Can Latin America's 'new left' stimulate economic development, enhance social equity, and deepen democracy in spite of the economic and political constraints it faces? This is the first book to systematically examine the policies and performance of the left-wing governments that have risen to power in Latin America during the last decade. Featuring thorough studies of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela by renowned experts, the volume argues th…
The Origins of the Two Lefts in Latin America
This paper explores why some left governments in Latin America have enacted liberal economic policies while others have implemented state interventionist policies. It presents a generational explanation for these differences, arguing that liberal left parties arose prior to the 1990s and were profoundly shaped by the failure of state interventionist policies and the initial success of neoliberal reforms in coping with the debt crisis. The interve…
The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America
Latin America had long been the one region in the world without major ethnic parties, but in recent years a couple of inclusive ethnic parties have registered important electoral victories. A substantial literature maintains that ethnic parties win by mobilizing their base through exclusionary ethnic appeals, but this article argues that such appeals are unlikely to be successful in regions such as Latin America, where ethnic polarization is low …
Editors' Foreword: Disciplinary Overview of Manuscript Submissions and Publications 2002-2006
Editors' ForewordDisciplinary Overview of Manuscript Submissions and Publications 2002-2006 Peter M. Ward, Jonathan Brown, Henry Dietz, Naomi Lindstrom, Raúl Madrid, and Shannon Halley Report on Manuscripts Received, 2006 In 2006 LARR began the transition from the University of Texas at Austin to the new editorial team at McGill University. By agreement with Dr. Philip Oxhorn, the incoming editor, we continued to receive and process manuscripts a…
Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America
Latin America has been plagued by electoral volatility in the last few decades. A recent study found that than two-thirds of the Latin American countries expe rienced more electoral volatility than the most volatile European democracy.1 Electoral volatility, which is measured as the net shift in votes (or seats) between parties from one election to another, may undermine democratic governance and economic growth by creating political and economic…
Indigenous voters and party system fragmentation in Latin America
Ideas, Economic Pressures, and Pension Privatization
This article maintains that the recent wave of pension privatization has been spurred largely by rising pension expenditures and chronic capital shortages. Many policymakers in Latin America and around the world believed that privatizing their public pension systems would boost their domestic savings rate and resolve the systems' financial problems, thereby reducing their dependence on unstable foreign capital and freeing resources for other, mor…
Indigenous Parties and Democracy in Latin America
In recent years, important indigenous parties have emerged for the first time in Latin American history. Although some analysts view this development with trepidation, this essay argues that the indigenous parties in Latin America are unlikely to exacerbate ethnic conflict or create the kinds of problems that have been associated with some ethnic parties in other regions. To the contrary, the emergence of major indigenous parties in Latin America…
Retiring the State: The Politics of Pension Privatization in Latin America and Beyond
In the 1990s, numerous Latin American nations privatized their public pension systems. These reforms dramatically transformed the way these countries provide retirement income, and they provoked widespread protests from workers and pensioners alike. Retiring the State represents the first book-length study of the origins of this surprising trend. Drawing on original field research, including interviews with key policymakers, Madrid argues that th…
Labouring against Neoliberalism: Unions and Patterns of Reform in Latin America
In recent years Latin American countries have enacted sweeping privatisation measures and major trade, financial and tax reforms, but they have moved much more slowly to reform their pension systems and labour laws. This pattern of reform partly reflects differences in the intensity of organised labour's opposition to the reforms. Organised labour has undertaken greater efforts to block labour law reforms and, to a lesser extent, pension reforms,…
The Politics and Economics of Pension Privatization in Latin America
This research note seeks to explain why a large number of Latin American countries have privatized their pension systems in recent years. It argues that the privatization schemes are a response to the severe capital shortages that have plagued their countries intermittently in recent years rather than to the financial problems facing some of the pension systems. The likelihood of pension privatization, I argue, is determined in large part by the …
Understanding the wave of pension reforms
The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America
Latin America had long been the one region in the world without major ethnic parties, but in recent years a couple of inclusive ethnic parties have registered important electoral victories. A substantial literature maintains that ethnic parties win by mobilizing their base through exclusionary ethnic appeals, but this article argues that such appeals are unlikely to be successful in regions such as Latin America, where ethnic polarization is low …
Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America
Latin America has been plagued by electoral volatility in the last few decades. A recent study found that than two-thirds of the Latin American countries expe rienced more electoral volatility than the most volatile European democracy.1 Electoral volatility, which is measured as the net shift in votes (or seats) between parties from one election to another, may undermine democratic governance and economic growth by creating political and economic…
Indigenous voters and party system fragmentation in Latin America
The perils of personalism
What impact does personalism, or presidential dominance of a weakly organized ruling party, have on the level of democracy? We argue that presidents who dominate their own weakly organized parties are more likely to seek to concentrate power, undermine horizontal accountability, and trample the rule of law than presidents who preside over parties that have an independent leadership and an institutionalized bureaucracy. Independent party leaders, …
Labouring against Neoliberalism: Unions and Patterns of Reform in Latin America
In recent years Latin American countries have enacted sweeping privatisation measures and major trade, financial and tax reforms, but they have moved much more slowly to reform their pension systems and labour laws. This pattern of reform partly reflects differences in the intensity of organised labour's opposition to the reforms. Organised labour has undertaken greater efforts to block labour law reforms and, to a lesser extent, pension reforms,…
Framing and immigration through the trump era
For the last decade, undocumented or illegal immigration has been one of the most contested policy issues in the United States, with significant news attention on policies affecting the undocumented population, ranging from deportations to comprehensive immigration reform, the DREAM Act, and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Despite these prominent and multifaceted policy debates, scholarship on media framing and public opinion remain more …
Indigenous Parties and Democracy in Latin America
In recent years, important indigenous parties have emerged for the first time in Latin American history. Although some analysts view this development with trepidation, this essay argues that the indigenous parties in Latin America are unlikely to exacerbate ethnic conflict or create the kinds of problems that have been associated with some ethnic parties in other regions. To the contrary, the emergence of major indigenous parties in Latin America…
Descriptive Representation and Regime Support in Latin America
Does descriptive representation matter? We analyze the impact of descriptive representation on regime support among women and the self-identified indigenous population in Latin America. We find that having a female president does not have a consistent impact on regime support among Latin American women, but that the election of an indigenous president has significantly boosted regime support among indigenous people in Bolivia. We suggest that eth…
The Origins of the Two Lefts in Latin America
This paper explores why some left governments in Latin America have enacted liberal economic policies while others have implemented state interventionist policies. It presents a generational explanation for these differences, arguing that liberal left parties arose prior to the 1990s and were profoundly shaped by the failure of state interventionist policies and the initial success of neoliberal reforms in coping with the debt crisis. The interve…
Ethnic Proximity and Ethnic Voting in Peru
Peru, in contrast to neighbouring Bolivia and Ecuador, has neither an important indigenous party nor a strong indigenous movement. Nevertheless, in recent years a growing gap has emerged in the voting patterns of indigenous and non-indigenous areas. This article maintains that this gap has developed because some Peruvian politicians, including Alberto Fujimori, Alejandro Toledo and Ollanta Humala, successfully wooed indigenous voters with a combi…
The Relevance of Religion for Political Office: Voter Bias Toward Candidates from Different Religious Backgrounds
Over the last several decades, Gallup data shows an increased willingness among members of the public to support presidential candidates from a wide range of religious backgrounds, though a nontrivial proportion of the public is still unwilling to vote for an Atheist, Mormon, or Muslim. What underlies this opposition? We argue that voters evaluate candidates from religious out-groups more negatively on a wide range of dimensions considered desira…
The Partisan Path to Democracy: Argentina in Comparative Perspective
What leads to the initial emergence of democracy? Many studies view democratization as the product of a class struggle over economic redistribution, pitting the landed elites against the masses or the bourgeoisie. This article, by contrast, argues that the initial emergence of democracy in South America stemmed from a struggle between elite parties or factions that pursued (or opposed) democratic reform to gain (or maintain) political power. Demo…
Opposition Parties and the Origins of Democracy in Latin America
Understanding the wave of pension reforms
Reining in Rebellion: The Decline of Political Violence in South America, 1830–1929
During the nineteenth century, South America was plagued by internal rebellions that destabilized the region's economies and political systems. At the beginning of the twentieth century, however, levels of political violence throughout the region declined dramatically. Existing scholarship has paid surprisingly little attention to this historic transformation, in part because comprehensive data on revolts have been lacking. Historical narratives …
Ethnicity, Institutions, and Female Representation
What impact does the size of the ethnic minority population have on the representation of women in national legislatures? We examine this question by using provincial-level data from 32 Latin American and postcommunist countries. Our study finds that the size of the ethnic minority population shapes female legislative representation but only in candidate-centric electoral systems. In party-centric systems, any gender bias or resource disadvantage…
Ideas, Economic Pressures, and Pension Privatization
This article maintains that the recent wave of pension privatization has been spurred largely by rising pension expenditures and chronic capital shortages. Many policymakers in Latin America and around the world believed that privatizing their public pension systems would boost their domestic savings rate and resolve the systems' financial problems, thereby reducing their dependence on unstable foreign capital and freeing resources for other, mor…
Understanding the wave of pension reforms
The Politics and Economics of Pension Privatization in Latin America
This research note seeks to explain why a large number of Latin American countries have privatized their pension systems in recent years. It argues that the privatization schemes are a response to the severe capital shortages that have plagued their countries intermittently in recent years rather than to the financial problems facing some of the pension systems. The likelihood of pension privatization, I argue, is determined in large part by the …
Labouring against Neoliberalism: Unions and Patterns of Reform in Latin America
In recent years Latin American countries have enacted sweeping privatisation measures and major trade, financial and tax reforms, but they have moved much more slowly to reform their pension systems and labour laws. This pattern of reform partly reflects differences in the intensity of organised labour's opposition to the reforms. Organised labour has undertaken greater efforts to block labour law reforms and, to a lesser extent, pension reforms,…
Retiring the State: The Politics of Pension Privatization in Latin America and Beyond
In the 1990s, numerous Latin American nations privatized their public pension systems. These reforms dramatically transformed the way these countries provide retirement income, and they provoked widespread protests from workers and pensioners alike. Retiring the State represents the first book-length study of the origins of this surprising trend. Drawing on original field research, including interviews with key policymakers, Madrid argues that th…
Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America
Latin America has been plagued by electoral volatility in the last few decades. A recent study found that than two-thirds of the Latin American countries expe rienced more electoral volatility than the most volatile European democracy.1 Electoral volatility, which is measured as the net shift in votes (or seats) between parties from one election to another, may undermine democratic governance and economic growth by creating political and economic…
Indigenous voters and party system fragmentation in Latin America
Ideas, Economic Pressures, and Pension Privatization
This article maintains that the recent wave of pension privatization has been spurred largely by rising pension expenditures and chronic capital shortages. Many policymakers in Latin America and around the world believed that privatizing their public pension systems would boost their domestic savings rate and resolve the systems' financial problems, thereby reducing their dependence on unstable foreign capital and freeing resources for other, mor…
Indigenous Parties and Democracy in Latin America
In recent years, important indigenous parties have emerged for the first time in Latin American history. Although some analysts view this development with trepidation, this essay argues that the indigenous parties in Latin America are unlikely to exacerbate ethnic conflict or create the kinds of problems that have been associated with some ethnic parties in other regions. To the contrary, the emergence of major indigenous parties in Latin America…
Editors' Foreword: Disciplinary Overview of Manuscript Submissions and Publications 2002-2006
Editors' ForewordDisciplinary Overview of Manuscript Submissions and Publications 2002-2006 Peter M. Ward, Jonathan Brown, Henry Dietz, Naomi Lindstrom, Raúl Madrid, and Shannon Halley Report on Manuscripts Received, 2006 In 2006 LARR began the transition from the University of Texas at Austin to the new editorial team at McGill University. By agreement with Dr. Philip Oxhorn, the incoming editor, we continued to receive and process manuscripts a…
The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America
Latin America had long been the one region in the world without major ethnic parties, but in recent years a couple of inclusive ethnic parties have registered important electoral victories. A substantial literature maintains that ethnic parties win by mobilizing their base through exclusionary ethnic appeals, but this article argues that such appeals are unlikely to be successful in regions such as Latin America, where ethnic polarization is low …
Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings
Can Latin America's 'new left' stimulate economic development, enhance social equity, and deepen democracy in spite of the economic and political constraints it faces? This is the first book to systematically examine the policies and performance of the left-wing governments that have risen to power in Latin America during the last decade. Featuring thorough studies of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela by renowned experts, the volume argues th…
The Origins of the Two Lefts in Latin America
This paper explores why some left governments in Latin America have enacted liberal economic policies while others have implemented state interventionist policies. It presents a generational explanation for these differences, arguing that liberal left parties arose prior to the 1990s and were profoundly shaped by the failure of state interventionist policies and the initial success of neoliberal reforms in coping with the debt crisis. The interve…
Ethnic Proximity and Ethnic Voting in Peru
Peru, in contrast to neighbouring Bolivia and Ecuador, has neither an important indigenous party nor a strong indigenous movement. Nevertheless, in recent years a growing gap has emerged in the voting patterns of indigenous and non-indigenous areas. This article maintains that this gap has developed because some Peruvian politicians, including Alberto Fujimori, Alejandro Toledo and Ollanta Humala, successfully wooed indigenous voters with a combi…
The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America
The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America explores why indigenous movements have recently won elections for the first time in the history of the region. Raúl L. Madrid argues that some indigenous parties have won by using inclusive populist appeals to reach out to whites and mestizos. Indigenous parties have managed to win support across ethnic lines because the long history of racial mixing in Latin America blurred ethnic boundaries and reduc…
Descriptive Representation and Regime Support in Latin America
Does descriptive representation matter? We analyze the impact of descriptive representation on regime support among women and the self-identified indigenous population in Latin America. We find that having a female president does not have a consistent impact on regime support among Latin American women, but that the election of an indigenous president has significantly boosted regime support among indigenous people in Bolivia. We suggest that eth…
Framing and immigration through the trump era
For the last decade, undocumented or illegal immigration has been one of the most contested policy issues in the United States, with significant news attention on policies affecting the undocumented population, ranging from deportations to comprehensive immigration reform, the DREAM Act, and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Despite these prominent and multifaceted policy debates, scholarship on media framing and public opinion remain more …
Ethnicity, Institutions, and Female Representation
What impact does the size of the ethnic minority population have on the representation of women in national legislatures? We examine this question by using provincial-level data from 32 Latin American and postcommunist countries. Our study finds that the size of the ethnic minority population shapes female legislative representation but only in candidate-centric electoral systems. In party-centric systems, any gender bias or resource disadvantage…
Opposition Parties and the Origins of Democracy in Latin America
The Partisan Path to Democracy: Argentina in Comparative Perspective
What leads to the initial emergence of democracy? Many studies view democratization as the product of a class struggle over economic redistribution, pitting the landed elites against the masses or the bourgeoisie. This article, by contrast, argues that the initial emergence of democracy in South America stemmed from a struggle between elite parties or factions that pursued (or opposed) democratic reform to gain (or maintain) political power. Demo…
The perils of personalism
What impact does personalism, or presidential dominance of a weakly organized ruling party, have on the level of democracy? We argue that presidents who dominate their own weakly organized parties are more likely to seek to concentrate power, undermine horizontal accountability, and trample the rule of law than presidents who preside over parties that have an independent leadership and an institutionalized bureaucracy. Independent party leaders, …
Normalizing Diversity in Merit Review Forms
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Relevance of Religion for Political Office: Voter Bias Toward Candidates from Different Religious Backgrounds
Over the last several decades, Gallup data shows an increased willingness among members of the public to support presidential candidates from a wide range of religious backgrounds, though a nontrivial proportion of the public is still unwilling to vote for an Atheist, Mormon, or Muslim. What underlies this opposition? We argue that voters evaluate candidates from religious out-groups more negatively on a wide range of dimensions considered desira…
Reining in Rebellion: The Decline of Political Violence in South America, 1830–1929
During the nineteenth century, South America was plagued by internal rebellions that destabilized the region's economies and political systems. At the beginning of the twentieth century, however, levels of political violence throughout the region declined dramatically. Existing scholarship has paid surprisingly little attention to this historic transformation, in part because comprehensive data on revolts have been lacking. Historical narratives …
Por la Razón o por la Fuerza. La pacificación interna de América del Sur (1830-1929)
A lo largo del siglo XIX, América del Sur enfrentó una serie de conflictos internos que provocaron inestabilidad en las economías y en los sistemas políticos de la región. Sin embargo, a principios del siglo XX, los niveles de violencia política en toda la región disminuyeron drásticamente. Los estudios existentes han prestado sorprendentemente poca atención a esta transformación histórica, en parte debido a la ausencia de datos exhaustivos sobre…
Political science (22 works) · Law (18 works) · Politics (18 works) · Latin Americans (15 works) · Political economy (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Economics (13 works) · Law (13 works) · Development economics (12 works) · Politics and Society in Latin America (11 works)