M Maria Glymour
Biographic Data
| ID | 80739 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M Maria Glymour |
| GIVEN NAMES | M Maria |
| FAMILY NAME | Glymour |
| SIGNATURE | GLYMOUR M M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9644-3081 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 93 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 425 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 92 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Intergenerational Education and Late-life Cognitive Performance: A Comparison Between Rural Mexico and South Africa
Neighborhood factors and incident stroke: Reproducibility of associations across two nationwide cohorts
Research linking adverse neighborhood context with disparities in incident stroke may reflect publication bias for chance associations. We compared results from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS, n = 25,126, aged ≥45 years, 41 % Non-Hispanic Black, 12 % 50 years, 15 % Non-Hispanic Black, 20 % < high school degree, 2004-2022). We estimated Cox models predicting stroke for 44 census tract variables representing de…
Cumulative poverty across early adulthood and midlife cognition: Findings from the national longitudinal survey of youth
INTRODUCTION: Prior studies have observed associations between poverty measured at single or across diffuse periods of the life course and cognitive function measured in later life. Few studies examine the relationship between cumulative poverty exposure and midlife cognition or address confounding of this relationship by early-life cognitive ability. METHODS: To estimate the effect of cumulative poverty with midlife cognitive function, we analys…
Immigration, acculturation, and diabetes: A comparative study of diabetes prevalence among Asian Indian immigrants living in the United States and native-born populations in India and the United State…
Despite evidence that Indian immigrants in high-income countries have higher diabetes risk, few studies have directly compared Indian immigrants to both Indians in India and the general population. We compared diabetes prevalence in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (Indian immigrants) (N = 686), the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) (Indians in India) (N = 40,496), and the Health and Retirem…
Positive Childhood Experiences, Cognition, and Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) have unknown effects on late life cognition and Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers. We examined 406 Asian, 1179 Black, 349 Latinx, and 498 White KHANDLE and STAR study participants with data on PCEs, longitudinal cognitive measures, MRI (n = 560), and amyloid PET (n = 281). We conducted mediation and multigroup models within the structural equation modeling framework allowing us to examine the direct association …
Evaluating the Measurement Invariance of the Everyday Discrimination Scale Among Older Black Men and Women
In this study, we examined the measurement invariance of the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) across Black older men and women (ages 66–90). Participants were 141 Black men and 287 Black women drawn from the Kaiser Health Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study. An exploratory factor analysis of EDS items resulted in a unidimensional scale, and results were corroborated with each group using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Measurement inv…
Do type, timing and duration of life course non-employment differentially predict dementia risk? An application of sequence analysis
Year income volatility and cognitive function in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) cohort: A replication and extension of Cardia findings
Grasset et al. previously reported that income volatility throughout early-to-mid adulthood (occurring during 1990-2010) in the CARDIA cohort was associated with worse midlife cognitive function. However, CARDIA lacked earlier-life cognition data, a major potential confounder. We replicate and extend this study in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979), which collected cognition measures in approximate adolescence. Following Grasset, we…
Individual and regional differences in the effects of school racial segregation on Black students’ health
The end of court-ordered integration threatens the health of Black communities-especially in the US South. Modestly higher incomes do not appear protective against school segregation's harms. Research using larger samples and alternative measures of school segregation-e.g., between districts, instead of within districts-may further our understanding of segregation's health effects, especially in Northern states
First-generation college graduates have similar depressive symptoms in midlife as multi-generational college graduates
Consistent with resource substitution theory, college completion may offset the deleterious effects of lower parental education on midlife depressive symptoms for first-generation graduates
Does schooling attained by adult children affect parents' psychosocial well-being in later life? Using Mexico’s 1993 compulsory schooling law as a quasi-experiment
Higher adult child educational attainment may benefit older parents' psychosocial well-being in later life. This may be particularly important in low- and middle-income countries, where recent generations have experienced comparatively large increases in educational attainment. We used data from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative study of adults aged ≥50 years and leveraged the exogenous variation in adult child …
A quantitative assessment of the frequency and magnitude of heterogeneous treatment effects in studies of the health effects of social policies
Substantial heterogeneity in effects of social policies on health across subgroups may be common, but has not been systematically characterized. Using a sample of 55 contemporary studies on health effects of social policies, we recorded how often heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) were assessed, for what subgroups (e.g., male, female), and the subgroup-specific effect estimates expressed as Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs). For each study…
The association of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics with cardiovascular health: A quasi-experimental study of refugees to Denmark
Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with cardiovascular health, although it is unclear which specific aspects of neighborhoods matter most. We leveraged a natural experiment in which refugees to Denmark were quasi-randomly assigned to neighborhoods across the country during 1986-1998, creating variation in exposure to various aspects of neighborhood disadvantage. The cohort was followed through December 2018. Exposures included …
Do Alcohol Outlets Mediate the Effects of the Moving to Opportunity Experiment on Adolescent Excessive Drinking? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: Housing mobility impacts adolescent alcohol use, and the neighborhood built environment may impact this relationship. Methods: Moving to Opportunity (MTO) was a multi-site, three-arm, household-level experiment. MTO randomly assigned one of three treatment arms (1994–1997) allowing families living in public housing to (1) receive a voucher to be redeemed any neighborhood (2) receive a voucher to be redeemed in a neighborhood with less…
Educational Attainment Past the Traditional Age of Completion for Two Cohorts of US Adults: Inequalities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The vast majority of studies investigating participation in, persistence through, and consequences of postsecondary education focus on educational attainment status among the so-called traditional population of collegegoers between the ages of 18 and 24. This narrow focus leaves largely invisible the role that an expanding set of educational trajectories throughout adulthood plays in shaping social stratification. Using 35-plus and 20 years of fo…
Neighborhood disadvantage and the risk of dementia and mortality among refugees to Denmark: A quasi-experimental study
While neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower mortality risk among refugees, it was associated with greater mortality risk among non-refugee immigrants and native-born Danes, perhaps due to confounding in the latter groups or different place-based experiences by immigration status. Future research is warranted to explain the reasons for contrasting findings
Shifting of Cognitive Assessments Between Face-to-Face and Telephone Administration: Measurement Considerations
Differences by mode of administration are apparent in cognitive measurement in older adults, albeit to a small degree in our study, and most pronounced for tests of memory and attention. The importance of accounting for mode differences ultimately depends on one's research question and study sample: not all associations may be affected by mode differences, and such modification may only be apparent among those with lower cognitive functioning
Socioeconomic Outcomes of Women Who Receive and Women Who Are Denied Wanted Abortions in the United States
Socioeconomic Outcomes of Women Who Receive and Women Who Are Denied Wanted Abortions in the United States D. G. FosterPhD, M. A. BiggsPhD, L. RalphPhD, MPH, C. GerdtsPhD, MHS, S. RobertsDrPH, and M. M. GlymourScD, MS CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304247r Published Online: August 15, 2022
A descriptive analysis of 2020 California Occupational Safety and Health Administration covid-19-related complaints
COVID-19 mortality has disproportionately affected specific occupations and industries. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) protects the health and safety of workers by setting and enforcing standards for working conditions. Workers may file OSHA complaints about unsafe conditions. Complaints may indicate poor workplace safety during the pandemic. We evaluated COVID-19-related complaints filed with California (Cal)/OSHA betwe…
Powering population health research: Considerations for plausible and actionable effect sizes
Evidence for Action (E4A), a signature program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, funds investigator-initiated research on the impacts of social programs and policies on population health and health inequities. Across thousands of letters of intent and full proposals E4A has received since 2015, one of the most common methodological challenges faced by applicants is selecting realistic effect sizes to inform calculations of power, sample size…
Excess mortality among Latino people in California during the Covid-19 pandemic
Latino people in the US are experiencing higher excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic than any other racial/ethnic group, but it is unclear which sociodemographic subgroups within this diverse population are most affected. Such information is necessary to target policies that prevent further excess mortality and reduce inequities. Using death certificate data for January 1, 2016 through February 29, 2020 and time-series models, we estimated …
Understanding the Benefits of Different Types and Timing of Education for Mental Health: A Sequence Analysis Approach
Both type and timing of educational credential predicted mental health. Black women's mental higher especially benefited from higher educational credentials
Measuring Cognitive Health in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults
The robust associations of cognitive test results with clinical diagnosis independent of core demographic variables and race/ethnicity support the validity of cognitive tests as indicators for brain health in diverse older adults
Evaluating associations between area-level Twitter-expressed negative racial sentiment, hate crimes, and residents' racial prejudice in the United States
Leveraging timely data sources for measuring area-level racial sentiment can provide new opportunities for investigating the impact of racial bias on society and health
Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span
Cognitive abilities are important predictors of educational and occupational performance, socioeconomic attainment, health, and longevity. Declines in cognitive abilities are linked to impairments in older adults’ everyday functions, but people differ from one another in their rates of cognitive decline over the course of adulthood and old age. Hence, identifying factors that protect against compromised late-life cognition is of great societal in…
Exploring U.S. Shifts in Anti-Asian Sentiment with the Emergence of Covid-19
Background: Anecdotal reports suggest a rise in anti-Asian racial attitudes and discrimination in response to COVID-19. Racism can have significant social, economic, and health impacts, but there has been little systematic investigation of increases in anti-Asian prejudice. Methods: We utilized Twitter's Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect 3,377,295 U.S. race-related tweets from November 2019-June 2020. Sentiment analysis…
Social networks and health: A life course perspective integrating observational and experimental evidence
Effects of Social Integration on Preserving Memory Function in a Nationally Representative US Elderly Population
Objectives. We tested whether social integration protects against memory loss and other cognitive disorders in late life in a nationally representative US sample of elderly adults, whether effects were stronger among disadvantaged individuals, and whether earlier cognitive losses explained the association (reverse causation). Methods. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 16 638), we examined whether social integration predicted me…
Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans With That of Europeans
Objectives. We compared the health of older US, English, and other European adults, stratified by wealth. Methods. Representative samples of adults aged 50 to 74 years were interviewed in 2004 in 10 European countries (n = 17 481), England (n = 6527), and the United States (n = 9940). We calculated prevalence rates of 6 chronic diseases and functional limitations. Results. American adults reported worse health than did English or European adults.…
Does childhood schooling affect old age memory or mental status? Using state schooling laws as natural experiments
BACKGROUND: The association between schooling and old age cognitive outcomes such as memory disorders is well documented but, because of the threat of reverse causation, controversy persists over whether education affects old age cognition. Changes in state compulsory schooling laws (CSL) are treated as natural experiments (instruments) for estimating the effect of education on memory and mental status among the elderly. Changes in CSL predict ch…
Childhood Health and Labor Market Inequality over the Life Course
The authors use data from the Health and Retirement Study's Earnings Benefit File, which links Health and Retirement Study to Social Security Administration records, to estimate the impact of childhood health on earnings curves between the ages of 25 and 50 years. They also investigate the extent to which diminished educational attainment, earlier onset of chronic health conditions, and labor force participation mediate this relationship. Those w…
The Role of Early-Life Educational Quality and Literacy in Explaining Racial Disparities in Cognition in Late Life
Early-life educational quality and literacy in late life explain a substantial portion of race-related disparities in late-life cognitive function
Mothering alone: Cross-national comparisons of later-life disability and health among women who were single mothers
BACKGROUND: Single motherhood is associated with poorer health, but whether this association varies between countries is not known. We examine associations between single motherhood and poor later-life health in the USA, England and 13 European countries. METHODS: Data came from 25 125 women aged 50+ who participated in the US Health and Retirement Study, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Euro…
Use of Life Course Work–Family Profiles to Predict Mortality Risk Among US Women
Objectives. We examined relationships between US women’s exposure to midlife work–family demands and subsequent mortality risk. Methods. We used data from women born 1935 to 1956 in the Health and Retirement Study to calculate employment, marital, and parenthood statuses for each age between 16 and 50 years. We used sequence analysis to identify 7 prototypical work–family trajectories. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates and hazard rat…
Effects of Proximate Foreclosed Properties on Individuals’ Weight Gain in Massachusetts, 1987–2008
Objectives. We assessed the extent to which living near foreclosed properties is associated with individuals’ subsequent weight gain. Methods. We linked health and address information on 2068 Framingham Offspring Cohort members (7830 assessments) across 5 waves (1987–2008) to records of all Massachusetts foreclosures during that period. We used counts of lender-owned foreclosed properties within 100 meters of participants’ homes to predict body m…
Childhood deprivation and later-life cognitive function in a population-based study of older rural South Africans
Trends in Work–Family Context Among U.S. Women by Education Level, 1976 to 2011
Transition to retirement and risk of cardiovascular disease: Prospective analysis of the US health and retirement study
Compulsory Schooling Laws as quasi-experiments for the health effects of education: Reconsidering mechanisms to understand inconsistent results
Does Maltreatment in Childhood Affect Sexual Orientation in Adulthood
Whites’ County-Level Racial Bias, Covid-19 Rates, and Racial Inequities in the United States
Mounting evidence reveals considerable racial inequities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in the United States (US). Area-level racial bias has been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, but its association with COVID-19 is yet unexplored. Combining county-level data from Project Implicit on implicit and explicit anti-Black bias among non-Hispanic Whites, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, and The New York Times…
Health Effects of Unemployment Benefit Program Generosity
Objectives. We assessed the impact of unemployment benefit programs on the health of the unemployed. Methods. We linked US state law data on maximum allowable unemployment benefit levels between 1985 and 2008 to individual self-rated health for heads of households in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and implemented state and year fixed-effect models. Results. Unemployment was associated with increased risk of reporting poor health among men in …
Genetic vulnerability to diabetes and obesity: Does education offset the risk
Current and long-term spousal caregiving and onset of cardiovascular disease
BACKGROUND: Prior evidence suggests that caregiving may increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. This association has never been examined in a nationally (USA) representative sample, and prior studies could not fully control for socioeconomic confounders. This paper seeks to estimate the association between spousal caregiving and incident CVD in older Americans. METHODS: Married, CVD-free Health and Retirement Study respondents aged 5…
Evaluating associations between area-level Twitter-expressed negative racial sentiment, hate crimes, and residents' racial prejudice in the United States
Leveraging timely data sources for measuring area-level racial sentiment can provide new opportunities for investigating the impact of racial bias on society and health
Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 5. Causal Inference in Public Health Research—Do Sex, Race, and Biological Factors Cause Health Outcomes
Counterfactual frameworks and statistical methods for supporting causal inference are powerful tools to clarify scientific questions and guide analyses in public health research. Counterfactual accounts of causation contrast what would happen to a population’s health under alternative exposure scenarios. A long-standing debate in counterfactual theory relates to whether sex, race, and biological characteristics, including obesity, should be evalu…
Time Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Asthma Prevalence in the United States From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Study (1999–2011)
Objectives. We examined whether racial/ethnic disparities in the United States increased over time. Methods. We analyzed data from 3 868 956 adults across the United States from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1999 to 2011. We used random intercepts models (individuals nested in states) to examine racial/ethnic disparities and time trends in asthma lifetime and its current prevalence, adjusted for covariates. We also investiga…
Individual and spousal unemployment as predictors of smoking and drinking behavior
Shifting of Cognitive Assessments Between Face-to-Face and Telephone Administration: Measurement Considerations
Differences by mode of administration are apparent in cognitive measurement in older adults, albeit to a small degree in our study, and most pronounced for tests of memory and attention. The importance of accounting for mode differences ultimately depends on one's research question and study sample: not all associations may be affected by mode differences, and such modification may only be apparent among those with lower cognitive functioning
Causal inference challenges in social epidemiology: Bias, specificity, and imagination
The Families In Recovery From Stroke Trial (FIRST): Primary Study Results
Objective: Social support and family ties are strong predictors of functional recovery after stroke; however, development of successful psychosocial intervention programs has been difficult. This study examined whether a family-systems intervention designed to influence social support and self-efficacy affects functional outcome in older stroke patients. Methods: Two hundred ninety-one community-residing survivors of ischemic stroke or nontraumat…
How Society Shapes Aging: The Centrality of Variability
We have all known people who grow old suddenly or seem much older than their chronological age.Conversely, we see people who appear vibrant and seem resilient to the challenges they face late in life.What role does society play in shaping these distinct outcomes of aging?The kinds of dif1⁄2culties each of us are liable to face as we grow older are determined by our opportunities for social interaction and intimacy, by our economic and educational…
Lifecourse Social Conditions and Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Cognitive Aging
Sensitive periods and first difference models: Integrating etiologic thinking into econometric techniques: A commentary on Clarkwest's “Neo-materialist theory and the temporal relationship between inc…
Does childhood schooling affect old age memory or mental status? Using state schooling laws as natural experiments
BACKGROUND: The association between schooling and old age cognitive outcomes such as memory disorders is well documented but, because of the threat of reverse causation, controversy persists over whether education affects old age cognition. Changes in state compulsory schooling laws (CSL) are treated as natural experiments (instruments) for estimating the effect of education on memory and mental status among the elderly. Changes in CSL predict ch…
Effects of Social Integration on Preserving Memory Function in a Nationally Representative US Elderly Population
Objectives. We tested whether social integration protects against memory loss and other cognitive disorders in late life in a nationally representative US sample of elderly adults, whether effects were stronger among disadvantaged individuals, and whether earlier cognitive losses explained the association (reverse causation). Methods. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 16 638), we examined whether social integration predicted me…
Watching Social Science: The Debate About the Effects of Exposure to Televised Violence on Aggressive Behavior
The evidence that exposure to media violence causes later aggression derives largely from observational (nonexperimental) studies augmented by short-term experimental studies. The authors review some of the difficulties in causal inference from observational, longitudinal data; examine the extent to which these seem relevant to the empirical work on exposure to televised violence published to date; and present a reanalysis of data from an especia…
Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans With That of Europeans
Objectives. We compared the health of older US, English, and other European adults, stratified by wealth. Methods. Representative samples of adults aged 50 to 74 years were interviewed in 2004 in 10 European countries (n = 17 481), England (n = 6527), and the United States (n = 9940). We calculated prevalence rates of 6 chronic diseases and functional limitations. Results. American adults reported worse health than did English or European adults.…
Social networks and health: A life course perspective integrating observational and experimental evidence
Is there a US prostate cancer belt
Background and objective Several chronic diseases display geographic patterns of increased incidence or mortality in the southern US. State- and county-level maps describe increased prostate cancer mortality in a band of states spanning from Washington, DC, to Louisiana. A recent report has documented that birth in the so-called Stroke Belt (SB) region in the southern US predicts mortality from stroke independently of residence in a SB state in a…
The association of earnings with health in middle age: Do self-reported earnings for the previous year tell the whole story
Widowhood and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
Self-Reported and Measured Hypertension Among Older US- and Foreign-Born Adults
How Does Health in Childhood Impact Labor Market Earnings Over the Life Course
Childhood Health and Labor Market Inequality over the Life Course
The authors use data from the Health and Retirement Study's Earnings Benefit File, which links Health and Retirement Study to Social Security Administration records, to estimate the impact of childhood health on earnings curves between the ages of 25 and 50 years. They also investigate the extent to which diminished educational attainment, earlier onset of chronic health conditions, and labor force participation mediate this relationship. Those w…
Timing of onset of cognitive decline: Results from Whitehall II prospective cohort study
OBJECTIVES: To estimate 10 year decline in cognitive function from longitudinal data in a middle aged cohort and to examine whether age cohorts can be compared with cross sectional data to infer the effect of age on cognitive decline. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. At study inception in 1985-8, there were 10,308 participants, representing a recruitment rate of 73%. SETTING: Civil service departments in London, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 519…
Accounting for Bias Due to Selective Attrition: The Example of Smoking and Cognitive Decline
BACKGROUND: Selective attrition may introduce bias into analyses of the determinants of cognitive decline. This is a concern especially for risk factors, such as smoking, that strongly influence mortality and dropout. Using inverse-probability-of-attrition weights, we examined the influence of selective attrition on the estimated association of current smoking (vs. never smoking) with cognitive decline. METHODS: Chicago Health and Aging Project p…
Current and long-term spousal caregiving and onset of cardiovascular disease
BACKGROUND: Prior evidence suggests that caregiving may increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. This association has never been examined in a nationally (USA) representative sample, and prior studies could not fully control for socioeconomic confounders. This paper seeks to estimate the association between spousal caregiving and incident CVD in older Americans. METHODS: Married, CVD-free Health and Retirement Study respondents aged 5…
Transition to retirement and risk of cardiovascular disease: Prospective analysis of the US health and retirement study
Decreased births among black female adolescents following school desegregation
Were the mental health benefits of a housing mobility intervention larger for adolescents in higher socioeconomic status families
Early life predictors of atrial fibrillation-related mortality: Evidence from the health and retirement study
Effects of Proximate Foreclosed Properties on Individuals’ Weight Gain in Massachusetts, 1987–2008
Objectives. We assessed the extent to which living near foreclosed properties is associated with individuals’ subsequent weight gain. Methods. We linked health and address information on 2068 Framingham Offspring Cohort members (7830 assessments) across 5 waves (1987–2008) to records of all Massachusetts foreclosures during that period. We used counts of lender-owned foreclosed properties within 100 meters of participants’ homes to predict body m…
Does Maltreatment in Childhood Affect Sexual Orientation in Adulthood
Social Epidemiology
Medicine (76 works) · Psychology (54 works) · Demography (45 works) · Gerontology (45 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (41 works) · Population (33 works) · Sociology (33 works) · Demography (27 works) · Psychiatry (27 works) · Environmental health (26 works)