A J R Russell-Wood
Biographic Data
| ID | 8100 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A J R Russell-Wood |
| GIVEN NAMES | A J R |
| FAMILY NAME | Russell-Wood |
| SIGNATURE | RUSSELL-WOOD A J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Johns Hopkins University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 90 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 215 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 89 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Society and Government in Colonial Brazil, 1500-1822
Professor Russell-Wood’s detailed studies of Brazilian social history in the colonial era have long been recognised as model contributions to the history of class, race, gender and religion. This collection combines work on particular persons and groupings with survey articles on the role of the port and the frontier in colonial Brazil and on its historiography. The author describes the administration and structure of government, and the realitie…
Black and Mulatto Brotherhoods in Colonial Brazil: A Study in Collective Behavior
Guilds of artisans, brotherhoods, and confraternities flowered in Western Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The establishment of confraternities of lay men and women had the dual objective of protecting members against such misfortunes and practicing works of charity. By the fifteenth century there existed in the cities of Spain and Portugal Catholic brotherhoods that counted among their members blacks brought from Africa as sla…
Classe, croyance et couleur à Bahia à l'époque coloniale: Une étude sur les préjugés
Présentation Pour comprendre l’importance de l’article que nous avons choisi de traduire et de republier, il convient de le situer dans la carrière professionnelle d’A. J. R. Russel-Wood. Après 18 mois passés au Brésil, à Bahia et Rio de Janeiro, en 1964-1965, ce tout jeune chercheur de l’université d’Oxford avait rassemblé les riches matériaux de sa première monographie publiée en 1968 sous le titre Nobles et philanthropes. La Misericordia de Ba…
Colonial Brazil: The Gold Cycle, c. 1690–1750
Around 1695 the governor of Rio de Janeiro received substantiated reports of major gold strikes within his jurisdiction, at Rio das Velhas in the region referred to in official correspondence initially as the mines of Sào Paulo’. For almost three centuries following the discovery of Brazil in 1500 the Portuguese court was flooded with reports of fabulous gold strikes in Brazil. These discoveries of gold gave rise to two developments as unforeseen…
Local Government in European Overseas Empires, 1450–1800
Local Government in European Overseas Empires, 1450-1800: Part II
Brazilian Gold and the Commercial Sector in Oporto, 1710-1750
In the historiography on the Atlantic in the Early Modern period, Oporto has been primarily associated with emigration and the export of wine. This is an essay in compensatory history in that it argues that Oporto, already the major city of northern Portugal and a major emporium, became a preferred (with Lisbon) destination for consignments of Brazilian gold. As a player in the Atlantic bullion-carrying trade, Oporto became an active participant …
The Portuguese Atlantic World, C. 1650–C. 1760
After sixty years of Spanish rule, Restoration in 1640 saw the accession to the Portuguese throne of the duke of Braganza as Dom João IV. This did not erase Portuguese guilt by association. Spain's enemies still harassed Portugal. The Dutch suspended trade with Portugal and sought spices, sugar, and slaves in their places of origin. In the Atlantic, the Dutch occupied the north-east of Brazil (1630–1654), major ports of Angola (1640–1648), and th…
In Memoriam
Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa (review)
Reviewed by: Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa A. J. R. Russell-Wood Josiah Blackmore. Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2009. xxiv + 203 pp. Moorings is a challenging read and one best done in a single sitting to discern to the full the continuities and the threads which provide unity to what might otherwise have the appearance of a collection of disparate essays. The …
Sulcando os mares: "Um historiador do império português enfrenta a "Atlantic History
Esta contribuição para a história tem duas dimensões. A que predomina é a historiográfica: a gênese e evolução da "Atlantic history", as suas características, ênfases e metodologia, e como diverge da história consciente de um quadro imperial. A segunda é um praticum: quer dizer, a minha tentativa em conceitualizar e organizar um artigo sobre "o Atlântico luso-afro-brasileiro" no período de cerca 1660 até cerca de 1760, segundo o que entendo ser a…
The Portuguese Atlantic, 1415–1808
In 1415 Prince Henry, “The Navigator,” participated in the capture of the Muslim city of Ceuta in Morocco, marking the beginning of a formal Portuguese presence outside continental Europe. In 1822 Brazil declared its independence from Portugal. In the intervening centuries, Portuguese navigators sailed as far north as the Arctic Circle and west of Greenland and the Labrador Sea, and pioneered southeast and southwest passages from the Atlantic to …
English, Irish and Irish-American Pioneer Settlers in Nineteenth-Century Brazil
Book Review| April 01 2007 English, Irish and Irish-American Pioneer Settlers in Nineteenth-Century Brazil English, Irish and Irish-American Pioneer Settlers in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. Oliver Marshall. A. J. R. Russell-Wood A. J. R. Russell-Wood Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Agricultural History (2007) 81 (2): 285–286. https://doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.2.285 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Sea…
New Directions in Bandeirismo Studies In Colonial Brazil
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Brazilian Archives and Recent Historiography on Colonial Brazil
This article draws attention to archival research by Brazilian historians in Portugal and Brazil and the fruits of these labors in monographs, dissertations, and articles. Following a survey of historical writing in the colonial period, this essay discusses the growing movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to preserve documents in libraries, archives, and museums in Brazil. The existence of such institutions spurred divulgation of ma…
An Appreciation of Charles R. Boxer: Teacher, Scholar, and Bibliophile
During the 40 years that I knew Charles R. Boxer, there were years of intense communication and frequent meetings, then years when months passed with little communication, followed by years when contacts were limited to a meeting at a conference, exchange of Christmas cards, or occasional letters sharing a research finding, answering a query, or recommending a new book. For me, there has been a transition from being an undergraduate student to be…
Ambivalent Authorities: The African and Afro-Brazilian Contribution to Local Governance in Colonial Brazil
A theme common to all regions of the Portuguese seaborne empire was dependency on non-Europeans for the creation, consolidation and survival of empire: for defense, labor, construction of towns and forts, transportation, production of raw materials, sexual gratification and, in the case of the Estado da India (Portuguese forts, towns, cities and factories from the Swahili coast to Japan and Timor), on merchants, brokers and interpreters to provid…
Acts of Grace: Portuguese Monarchs and their Subjects of African Descent in Eighteenth-Century Brazil
This article examines direct appeals to Portuguese monarchs and how this extrajudicial option was invoked by slaves and free persons of African descent in colonial Brazil. It also addresses the production and content of appeals and what these reflect of the lives of Afro-Brazilians, relations between slave and owner, manumissions, judicial and individual abuse of women and popular perceptions and expectations of a monarch. The pros and cons of th…
Holy and Unholy Alliances: Clerical Participation in the Flow of Bullion from Brazil to Portugal during the Reign of Dom João V (1706-1750)
In his História da America Portugueza, the Bahian historian Sebastião da Rocha Pitta noted two qualities essential to a monarch. The first was religion, “a mais firme columna das monarchias.” The second was generosity, “a generosidade é o segundo atributo nos príncipes.” Rocha Pitta observed that both qualities were not merely present but superabundantly so in the persona of Dom João V. The former found its expression in his financial and spiritu…
Portugal, Spain, and the African Atlantic, 1343-1490: Chivalry and Crusade from John of Gaunt to Henry the Navigator
Part One Studies relating to the English diplomatic and military interventions in the Iberian peninsula during the hundred years war (1343-1400): Joao Fernandes Andeiro at the court of John of Lancaster 1371-1381 on the sources of Ferno Lopes Fernao Lopes and the text of the treaty of Santarem Portuguese galleys in the service of Richard II 1385-1389 King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Lancester - John of Gaunt's Spanish court medieval Portuguese s…
Asia in the Making of Europe. III. A Century of Advance
A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America 1415-1808
Creoles-Afroamerikaner im karibischen Tiefland von Nicaragua
A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America 1415- 1808
The Expansion of Europe Revisited: The European Impact on World History and Global Interaction, 1450–1800
The period from the fifteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century witnessed the creation, expansion, contraction, and fall of empires, enhanced and expanded communications, creation and growth – as measured by volume, range and intensity – of trading diasporas, diffusion of major religions far beyond their points of origin, intercontinental and transoceanic dissemination of flora and fauna, major movements – both coerced and voluntary – …
Black and Mulatto Brotherhoods in Colonial Brazil: A Study in Collective Behavior
G UILDS OF ARTISANS, brotherhoods, and confraternities flowered in Western Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. To be sure, a corporate spirit was part of the European ethos itself, as has been shown by the presence of burial societies of early Christians in Rome. Their importance greatly increased, however, in the late middle ages, a product of an age responding to the stoic doctrines of St. Francis and St. Dominic, coupled with a…
The Black Man in Slavery and Freedom in Colonial Brazil
Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa Da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550-1755
O diabo e a terra de Santa Cruz
This article examines the social and cultural significance of demonic beliefs and witchcraft accusations in colonial Brazil, particularly during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It explores how these beliefs were shaped by both European traditions and indigenous cosmologies, leading to a complex interplay of religious, social, and political factors. The authors analyze specific cases of witchcraft accusations to illustrate how these accu…
Iberian Expansion and the Issue of Black Slavery: Changing Portuguese Attitudes, 1440-1770
A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America 1415-1808
Sulcando os mares: "Um historiador do império português enfrenta a "Atlantic History
Esta contribuição para a história tem duas dimensões. A que predomina é a historiográfica: a gênese e evolução da "Atlantic history", as suas características, ênfases e metodologia, e como diverge da história consciente de um quadro imperial. A segunda é um praticum: quer dizer, a minha tentativa em conceitualizar e organizar um artigo sobre "o Atlântico luso-afro-brasileiro" no período de cerca 1660 até cerca de 1760, segundo o que entendo ser a…
Women and Society in Colonial Brazil
No aspect of Brazilian history has received so stereotyped a treatment as the position of the female and her contribution to the society and economy of the colony. The white donzela and the lady of the 'big house' have been depicted as leading a secluded existence, be it in the innermost recesses of their homes or in conventual cells, immune to harsh realities and safe from brash overtures by pretenders. Of the white woman, it was said, during he…
Devoção e Escravidão. A Inmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos no Distrito Diamantino no Século XVIII
Local Government in Portuguese America: A Study in Cultural Divergence
The expansion of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries had brought Europeans, primarily English, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and French, into contact with the lands, peoples and civilizations of Africa, Asia and the Americas. In Asia the effects of the European discoveries had been less far-reaching than had been the case in Africa and the Americas where barter had soon given way to slavery, peaceful proselitization to forced conversion…
Ambivalent Authorities: The African and Afro-Brazilian Contribution to Local Governance in Colonial Brazil
A theme common to all regions of the Portuguese seaborne empire was dependency on non-Europeans for the creation, consolidation and survival of empire: for defense, labor, construction of towns and forts, transportation, production of raw materials, sexual gratification and, in the case of the Estado da India (Portuguese forts, towns, cities and factories from the Swahili coast to Japan and Timor), on merchants, brokers and interpreters to provid…
Acts of Grace: Portuguese Monarchs and their Subjects of African Descent in Eighteenth-Century Brazil
This article examines direct appeals to Portuguese monarchs and how this extrajudicial option was invoked by slaves and free persons of African descent in colonial Brazil. It also addresses the production and content of appeals and what these reflect of the lives of Afro-Brazilians, relations between slave and owner, manumissions, judicial and individual abuse of women and popular perceptions and expectations of a monarch. The pros and cons of th…
Prestige, Power, and Piety in Colonial Brazil: The Third Orders of Salvador
HE spirit of Christian charity and social philanthropy which had swept through Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was largely attributable to St. Francis and St. Dominic. Brotherhoods and sororities had been established with the prime goals of exemplifying the ideals of Christianity in thought and deed, performing charitable works, and assuming corporate responsibility for members of such sodalities. One of the earliest such brotherho…
A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America 1415- 1808
New Directions in Bandeirismo Studies In Colonial Brazil
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
United States Scholarly Contributions to the Historiography of Colonial Brazil
H TISTORICAL writings on Portuguese America have reached the point, in both mass and quality, that they have become the object of critical evaluation by the international community of scholars. In Brazil, Jose Hon6rio Rodrigues has been as preeminent as he has been prolific, but that he is not alone is evidenced by interpretive essays of Americo Jacobina Lacombe, Carlos Guilherme Mota, and Jose Roberto do Amaral Lapa.' The sole United States repr…
Seamen Ashore and Afloat: The Social Environment of the Carreira Da India , 1550–1750
Iberian Expansion and the Issue of Black Slavery: Changing Portuguese Attitudes, 1440–1770
Iberian Expansion and the Issue of Black Slavery: Changing Portuguese Attitudes, 1440–1770 Get access A. J. R. Russell-Wood A. J. R. Russell-Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 83, Issue 1, February 1978, Pages 16–42, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/83.1.16 Published: 01 February 1978
Technology and Society: The Impact of Gold Mining on the Institution of Slavery in Portuguese America
This article examines the impact of gold mining on slavery in colonial Brazil. Crown policies, economic pressures, and gold's role as an instrument for social mobility had demographic repercussions-affecting sexual imbalance, the ratio of slaves to freedmen, the availability and distribution of labor. Economic factors determined ethnic origins, slave trade patterns, and the assimilative capability of blacks as illustrated by the slave family. Dif…
From Colony to Nation: Essays on the Independence of Brazil
Atlantic Islands: Madeira, the Azores, and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce and Navigation
From Colony to Nation: Essays on the Independence of Brazil
Class, Creed and Colour in Colonial Bahia: A Study in Prejudice
Class, Creed and Colour in Colonial Bahia: A Study in Prejudice
Dowries
S ocial philanthropy can take two forms. The first consists of a programme of social rehabilitation spread over a period of months, or even years. The second is by means of outright relief, financial or in kind. The most suitable form of assistance varies from case to case and is determined by the social, physical and economic circumstances of the person in distress. Generally speaking, social rehabilitation is necessary when the victims of pover…
The Santa Casa da Misericórdia in Portugal
T he Brotherhood of Our Lady, Mother of God, Virgin Mary of Mercy was dedicated on 15 August 1498 in a chapel of the cathedral of Lisbon. The traditional founders were a group of laymen and a Trinitarian friar. The new brotherhood was approved by the Regent Dona Leonor and confirmed by her brother, the King Dom Manuel I. Statutes were drawn up, and the initial membership was limited to fifty nobles and fifty plebeians. The avowed object of the br…
Burials
B urial is always a problem in a tropical climate. Deterioration is rapid and the risk of infection is high. Any visitor to modern Bahia who has seen the bizarre spectacle of a cortège trotting through the streets, in the late afternoon, coffin bouncing on the carriers’ shoulders, is aware of this problem. Nowadays a law decrees that burial must take place on the same day as death, before the cemetery closes at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. In colo…
The City of the Saviour, 1549–1763
T he Bay of All Saints is on the Atlantic seaboard of Brazil, 13° south of the equator. A promontory separates the bay, a deep natural harbour twenty-eight miles wide and twenty-two miles long, from the ocean. Entrance to the bay is from the south. Although the mouth of the bay is some twenty-five miles wide, access is reduced to two channels, one on either side of the Island of Itaparica. This fertile and hilly island extends across much of the …
The Foundling Wheel
Foundlings had always been an essentially urban problem. Municipal councils, religious orders and charitable brotherhoods had assumed responsibility for the upbringing of babies abandoned by their mothers in alleys or on doorsteps. The first hospice for such children in Europe had been founded in Milan in a.d. 787 by a priest called Datheus. This example had been followed by other European cities — Siena 832, Padua 1000, Montpellier 1070, Einbeck…
The Administration of Charity
The Santas Casas da Miseriódrdia in Asia, Africa and Brazil were governed by the Compromisso of Lisbon and shared the privileges granted to the parent house. The Miseriódrdia of Bahia had followed the 1516 Compromisso of Lisbon. This had been incorporated into the definitive statutes of 1618 with modifications and the introduction of twenty-two new chapters. A century of use had shown that the terms of reference of the 1516 Compromisso had been t…
Justice and Charity
Crime was rampant in the Portuguese empire: crimes committed not by Africans, Indians, Chinese or Amerindians, but by loyal subjects of the Portuguese Crown. In the sixteenth century the Orient had been a happy hunting ground for the dishonest and the unscrupulous. The pickings had been lucrative and easily gained. Brazil had only become an attractive proposition for criminal activities with the discovery of gold and diamonds in Minas Gerais in t…
Class, Creed and Colour in Administration
The Compromissos of the Misericórdia of Lisbon were followed by the overseas branches of the brotherhood. The living conditions in the settlements of Portuguese in Asia, Africa and Brazil differed markedly from those in the mother country. The social structure of these communities and the relations of the Portuguese with other ethnic groups and followers of other creeds, varied from country to country. The branches of the Misericórdia in Gôa and …
The Hospital of Saint Christopher
The only general hospital in Bahia during the entire colonial period was administered by the Misericórdia. This hospital had been known as the Hospital of Our Lady of Candles or the Hospital of the City of the Saviour in the sixteenth century. From the late seventeenth century it was always called the Hospital of St Christopher. This single hospital provided for an urban population which had grown from 1,000 settlers in 1549 to some 130,000 resid…
Charity in Bahia
The social and economic changes which occurred in Bahia in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries had repercussions on the charitable activities of the Misericórdia. The Misericórdia depended on private charity for its main source of income. Although the brotherhood fulfilled a semi-bureaucratic rôle in providing hospital services, aid for prisoners and care for foundlings, official sources were singularly unreceptive to pleas by boa…
The Retirement House of the Most Holy Name of Jesus
Portuguese women were the most jealously guarded in Europe. A Portuguese writer of the seventeenth century compared female honour with an arithmetical calculation: an error was an error, be it by one or by a thousand.1 A virtuous woman only left her house thrice in her lifetime — for her christening, her marriage and her funeral: such was the moral ideal for womanhood.2 In the Portuguese overseas empire the seclusion of the white woman was, if an…
The Santas Casas da Misericórdia in Asia, Africa and Brazil
P ortuguese chroniclers went to great lengths to stress the divine nature of the expansion. But even they became confused by the increasing presence of Mammon. The crusading zeal, not to say obsession, which had led to the capture of Ceuta in 1415, became blended with the realisation of the profits in gold and slaves to be gained from the regions of the Niger and Senegal rivers. Although the sixteenth-century chronicler, João de Barros, affirmed …
Conclusion
The death of Dom João V on 31 June 1750 marked the end of an era in Luso-Brazilian history. The quinquennium 1750–5 was an eventful period, both in the history of the mother nation and in that of her most important colony. It saw the rise to power of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, later to be the Marquis of Pombal. The Minister of State during these years was the ailing Pedro da Mota, but it was Pombal who dominated all sectors of the adminis…
The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia
The earliest reference to the existence of a branch of the Misericórdia at Bahia is in 1552. Writing from Bahia in late August, the Jesuit Manoel da Nóbrega referred to the difficulty of maintaining an orphanage which 'I gave to the Misericórdia of this city so that the brothers could look after the children, but neither they nor anyone else were willing to accept this responsibility'.1 The destruction of the archives of the Misericórdia by the D…
Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa Da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550-1755
Fidalgos and Philanthropists. The Santa Casa da Misericòrdia of Bahia, 1550-1755
Short Notices
Son of the Alhambra. Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1504-1575
The Fatal History of Portugese Ceylon: Transition to Dutch Rule
Atlantic Islands: Madeira, the Azores, and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce and Navigation
Aristocrats and Traders: Sevillian Society in the Sixteenth Century
The Destruction of Brazilian Slavery 1850-1888
Fórmulas políticas no Brasil Holandês
Black and Mulatto Brotherhoods in Colonial Brazil: A Study in Collective Behavior
G UILDS OF ARTISANS, brotherhoods, and confraternities flowered in Western Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. To be sure, a corporate spirit was part of the European ethos itself, as has been shown by the presence of burial societies of early Christians in Rome. Their importance greatly increased, however, in the late middle ages, a product of an age responding to the stoic doctrines of St. Francis and St. Dominic, coupled with a…
History (62 works) · Colonialism, slavery, and trade (54 works) · Political science (53 works) · Geography (40 works) · History of Colonial Brazil (37 works) · Law (34 works) · History (30 works) · Portuguese (30 works) · Archaeology (29 works) · Sociology (26 works)