Izabela Krejtz
Biographic Data
| ID | 81408 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Izabela Krejtz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Izabela |
| FAMILY NAME | Krejtz |
| SIGNATURE | KREJTZ I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Uniwersytet SWPS |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9827-8371 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 16 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Eye-Tracking in Reading Research: A Systematic Review of Studies With Children of Varying Reading Ability
Eye-tracking methods have become a valuable tool for reading research, as they provide significant evidence on the behavioral and cognitive performance of developing readers. They also help identify reading behavior patterns among children with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as reading difficulties (RD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we reviewed relevant literature (73 empirical studies) from 2008 to 2023 …
Assessing daydreaming frequency and control with the Polish version of the Daydreaming Frequency Scale – validation using ecological momentary assessment
Daydreaming is a prevalent type of cognitive activity, in which the content of one's thoughts is unrelated to the current task. The Daydreaming Frequency Scale (DDFS) was the first questionnaire devised to measure the occurrence of daydreaming and remains widely used for this purpose today. We report on three studies validating the Polish version of the DDFS. Study 1 (n=385) examines its factor validity, internal consistency, and criterion validi…
Anxiety, depression and perseverative cognition in women cycling naturally or taking oral contraceptives – a diary study
While the literature is inconsistent about the link between anxiety and oral contraceptives (OC), the link between depression and OC is recognized in women who started OC during adolescence. Perseverative cognition is a stress-coping mechanism present both in anxiety and depression. Our study aimed to understand the differences between women taking OC and naturally cycling (NC) women regarding their daily levels of anxiety, depression, related ne…
Visual support in easy language: The impact of images on comprehension, perceived difficulty and eye movements
Easy Language (EL) presents information in a simplified way and benefits people who have difficulty understanding standard language. The present study evaluates the effects of visual support inclusion, as it is a recurring recommendation in EL guidelines. We examined 52 adults (23 men and 29 women; mean age of 39.9; 26 with intellectual disabilities [ID], 26 neurotypical) in a mixed design study. They read EL texts that presented either no visual…
The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious
Fear of evaluation and a negative view of the self are the core aspects of social anxiety. Self-compassion and self-esteem are two distinct positive attitudes toward the self, which are positively related to each other, well-being and good psychological functioning. It is less clear, however, how they interplay in socially anxious individuals and if self-compassion may reduce the negative effect of low self-esteem on social anxiety. The current r…
Maladaptive task-unrelated thoughts: Self-control failure or avoidant behavior? Preliminary evidence from an experience sampling study
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide quantitative evidence from an experience sampling study on the role of the valence of currently performed tasks and beliefs on emotions on TUT intensity. It might be an important indication for research and clinical practice that maladaptive TUT might not be only linked to self-control failure but also to emotion regulation strategies one is using
Manifestations of clinical depression in daily life: A daily diary study of descriptions of naturally occurring events
138) described the events that happened to them each day for two weeks, and these descriptions were content analysed. Participants also rated how stressful and how positive each event was. Multilevel analyses found that depressed individuals, compared to the non-depressed, used more negative emotion words and more pronouns and used fewer positive emotion words, and they rated events as more stressful and less positive. Stressfulness of events was…
Stereotype threat is linked to language achievement and domain identification in young males: Working memory and intellectual helplessness as mediators
In the present paper, we investigated the link between stereotype threat, school achievement, and domain identification in language arts. We hypothesized that stereotype threat may lead to higher intellectual helplessness, lower working memory capacity, lower achievement, and domain identification but only in young men highly identified with their gender group. To test these assumptions we used self‐descriptive measures of stereotype threat, inte…
Legendas na imagem fílmica: Uma visão geral dos estudos em rastreamento ocular
Este artigo prove uma visão geral dos estudos com rastreamento ocular em legendas (também conhecidas como legendagem) e faz recomendações para estudos cognitivos futuros na área da Tradução Audiovisual (TA). Achamos que todos os estudos conduzidos na área até os dias de hoje falham ao abordarem o verdadeiro processamento real da informação verbal contida nas legendas e, em vez disso, enfocam o impacto das legendas no comportamento de visualização…
Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: A cross-sectional study
A substantial number of experimental studies on stereotype threat explores performance of girls in mathematics. Only few concentrated on gender differences favoring girls in language performance. However, gender differences in a reading test in the Program for International Student Assessment are three times larger than in mathematics. Considerable research indicates that gender differences in achievement and academic attitudes are partly explain…
Attention Dynamics During Emotion Recognition by Deaf and Hearing Individuals
The enhancement hypothesis suggests that deaf individuals are more vigilant to visual emotional cues than hearing individuals. The present eye-tracking study examined ambient–focal visual attention when encoding affect from dynamically changing emotional facial expressions. Deaf (n = 17) and hearing (n = 17) individuals watched emotional facial expressions that in 10-s animations morphed from a neutral expression to one of happiness, sadness, or …
Chronic stereotype threat and mathematical achievement in age cohorts of secondary school girls: Mediational role of working memory, and intellectual helplessness
A large body of experimental research on stereotype threat concentrated on immediate consequences of this effect. Far less attention has been given to the underlying mechanisms that may explain accumulative and long-term consequences of stereotype threat. To shed new light on the dynamic of stereotype threat, the current research examined the strength of associations between experience of stereotype threat, working memory, mathematical achievemen…
Positive daily experiences can buffer the negative effects of daily stress: A conceptual replication
The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers
In this paper we examine the influence of text editing (edited vs. verbatim subtitles) and subtitle presentation rates (12 vs. 15 characters per second) on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among a group of 44 deaf, 33 hard of hearing and 60 hearing Polish adult subjects. The results of the eyetracking study show no benefit of editing down the text of subtitles, particularly in the case of intraling…
Reading Function and Content Words in Subtitled Videos
In this study, we examined how function and content words are read in intra- and interlingual subtitles. We monitored eye movements of a group of 39 deaf, 27 hard of hearing, and 56 hearing Polish participants while they viewed English and Polish videos with Polish subtitles. We found that function words and short content words received less visual attention than longer content words, which was reflected in shorter dwell time, lower number of fix…
Does music therapy improve executive functions after stroke, and how to check it
Background: Stroke patients often experience executive functions disturbance. While music therapy becomes more and more popular as a form of neurorehabilitation, there is an urgent need for researches to select the most effective interventions.Objective: The goal of the research was to collect objective, quantitative data, and contribute to building strong fundamentals of evidence-based music therapy.Methods: Participants, people after stroke, we…
An Experimental Study of the Influence of Limited Time Horizon on Positivity Effects among Young Adults Using Eye-Tracking
Compared to younger adults, older adults attend more to positive stimuli, a positivity effect. Older adults have limited time horizons, and they focus on maintaining positive affect, whereas younger adults have unlimited time horizons, and they focus on acquiring knowledge and developing skills. Time horizons were manipulated by asking participants (66 young adults, M age = 20.5 yr., SD = 1.2) to think that their lives would end in three years. S…
Subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing in multilingual films
In this article, we examine different ways in which multilingualism can be manifested in subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH). First, we propose a set of strategies to tackle multilingualism in SDH. We then present the results of an online survey conducted among deaf and hard of hearing Poles (N=135) on their preferences regarding the SDH strategies. Our results show that participants prefer more informative strategies, such as vehic…
Self-Construal and the Intra- and Interethnic Social Interactions of Ethnic Minorities
This study examined relationships between self-construal and the quality of daily interactions of three ethnic minority groups in Europe: ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland. They described the social interactions they had for 2 weeks and they completed measures of independent and interdependent self-construal. We expected that, regardless of whether individuals' self-construals match with prevailing construals in…
Ethnocultural identification and naturally occurring interethnic social interactions: Muslim minorities in Europe
This study examined relationships between ethnic identification and ethnic minority members' interactions with majority group members. Members of Muslim minority groups, ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland, described the social interactions they had for two weeks using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR). They also completed measures of ethnocultural identification that distinguished involvement wi…
Ethnocultural identification and naturally occurring interethnic social interactions: Muslim minorities in Europe
This study examined relationships between ethnic identification and ethnic minority members' interactions with majority group members. Members of Muslim minority groups, ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland, described the social interactions they had for two weeks using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR). They also completed measures of ethnocultural identification that distinguished involvement wi…
Subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing in multilingual films
In this article, we examine different ways in which multilingualism can be manifested in subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH). First, we propose a set of strategies to tackle multilingualism in SDH. We then present the results of an online survey conducted among deaf and hard of hearing Poles (N=135) on their preferences regarding the SDH strategies. Our results show that participants prefer more informative strategies, such as vehic…
Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: A cross-sectional study
A substantial number of experimental studies on stereotype threat explores performance of girls in mathematics. Only few concentrated on gender differences favoring girls in language performance. However, gender differences in a reading test in the Program for International Student Assessment are three times larger than in mathematics. Considerable research indicates that gender differences in achievement and academic attitudes are partly explain…
Chronic stereotype threat and mathematical achievement in age cohorts of secondary school girls: Mediational role of working memory, and intellectual helplessness
A large body of experimental research on stereotype threat concentrated on immediate consequences of this effect. Far less attention has been given to the underlying mechanisms that may explain accumulative and long-term consequences of stereotype threat. To shed new light on the dynamic of stereotype threat, the current research examined the strength of associations between experience of stereotype threat, working memory, mathematical achievemen…
Self-Construal and the Intra- and Interethnic Social Interactions of Ethnic Minorities
This study examined relationships between self-construal and the quality of daily interactions of three ethnic minority groups in Europe: ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland. They described the social interactions they had for 2 weeks and they completed measures of independent and interdependent self-construal. We expected that, regardless of whether individuals' self-construals match with prevailing construals in…
Ethnocultural identification and naturally occurring interethnic social interactions: Muslim minorities in Europe
This study examined relationships between ethnic identification and ethnic minority members' interactions with majority group members. Members of Muslim minority groups, ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland, described the social interactions they had for two weeks using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR). They also completed measures of ethnocultural identification that distinguished involvement wi…
Self-Construal and the Intra- and Interethnic Social Interactions of Ethnic Minorities
This study examined relationships between self-construal and the quality of daily interactions of three ethnic minority groups in Europe: ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland. They described the social interactions they had for 2 weeks and they completed measures of independent and interdependent self-construal. We expected that, regardless of whether individuals' self-construals match with prevailing construals in…
Subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing in multilingual films
In this article, we examine different ways in which multilingualism can be manifested in subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH). First, we propose a set of strategies to tackle multilingualism in SDH. We then present the results of an online survey conducted among deaf and hard of hearing Poles (N=135) on their preferences regarding the SDH strategies. Our results show that participants prefer more informative strategies, such as vehic…
An Experimental Study of the Influence of Limited Time Horizon on Positivity Effects among Young Adults Using Eye-Tracking
Compared to younger adults, older adults attend more to positive stimuli, a positivity effect. Older adults have limited time horizons, and they focus on maintaining positive affect, whereas younger adults have unlimited time horizons, and they focus on acquiring knowledge and developing skills. Time horizons were manipulated by asking participants (66 young adults, M age = 20.5 yr., SD = 1.2) to think that their lives would end in three years. S…
The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers
In this paper we examine the influence of text editing (edited vs. verbatim subtitles) and subtitle presentation rates (12 vs. 15 characters per second) on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among a group of 44 deaf, 33 hard of hearing and 60 hearing Polish adult subjects. The results of the eyetracking study show no benefit of editing down the text of subtitles, particularly in the case of intraling…
Reading Function and Content Words in Subtitled Videos
In this study, we examined how function and content words are read in intra- and interlingual subtitles. We monitored eye movements of a group of 39 deaf, 27 hard of hearing, and 56 hearing Polish participants while they viewed English and Polish videos with Polish subtitles. We found that function words and short content words received less visual attention than longer content words, which was reflected in shorter dwell time, lower number of fix…
Does music therapy improve executive functions after stroke, and how to check it
Background: Stroke patients often experience executive functions disturbance. While music therapy becomes more and more popular as a form of neurorehabilitation, there is an urgent need for researches to select the most effective interventions.Objective: The goal of the research was to collect objective, quantitative data, and contribute to building strong fundamentals of evidence-based music therapy.Methods: Participants, people after stroke, we…
Positive daily experiences can buffer the negative effects of daily stress: A conceptual replication
Attention Dynamics During Emotion Recognition by Deaf and Hearing Individuals
The enhancement hypothesis suggests that deaf individuals are more vigilant to visual emotional cues than hearing individuals. The present eye-tracking study examined ambient–focal visual attention when encoding affect from dynamically changing emotional facial expressions. Deaf (n = 17) and hearing (n = 17) individuals watched emotional facial expressions that in 10-s animations morphed from a neutral expression to one of happiness, sadness, or …
Chronic stereotype threat and mathematical achievement in age cohorts of secondary school girls: Mediational role of working memory, and intellectual helplessness
A large body of experimental research on stereotype threat concentrated on immediate consequences of this effect. Far less attention has been given to the underlying mechanisms that may explain accumulative and long-term consequences of stereotype threat. To shed new light on the dynamic of stereotype threat, the current research examined the strength of associations between experience of stereotype threat, working memory, mathematical achievemen…
Manifestations of clinical depression in daily life: A daily diary study of descriptions of naturally occurring events
138) described the events that happened to them each day for two weeks, and these descriptions were content analysed. Participants also rated how stressful and how positive each event was. Multilevel analyses found that depressed individuals, compared to the non-depressed, used more negative emotion words and more pronouns and used fewer positive emotion words, and they rated events as more stressful and less positive. Stressfulness of events was…
Stereotype threat is linked to language achievement and domain identification in young males: Working memory and intellectual helplessness as mediators
In the present paper, we investigated the link between stereotype threat, school achievement, and domain identification in language arts. We hypothesized that stereotype threat may lead to higher intellectual helplessness, lower working memory capacity, lower achievement, and domain identification but only in young men highly identified with their gender group. To test these assumptions we used self‐descriptive measures of stereotype threat, inte…
Legendas na imagem fílmica: Uma visão geral dos estudos em rastreamento ocular
Este artigo prove uma visão geral dos estudos com rastreamento ocular em legendas (também conhecidas como legendagem) e faz recomendações para estudos cognitivos futuros na área da Tradução Audiovisual (TA). Achamos que todos os estudos conduzidos na área até os dias de hoje falham ao abordarem o verdadeiro processamento real da informação verbal contida nas legendas e, em vez disso, enfocam o impacto das legendas no comportamento de visualização…
Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: A cross-sectional study
A substantial number of experimental studies on stereotype threat explores performance of girls in mathematics. Only few concentrated on gender differences favoring girls in language performance. However, gender differences in a reading test in the Program for International Student Assessment are three times larger than in mathematics. Considerable research indicates that gender differences in achievement and academic attitudes are partly explain…
The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious
Fear of evaluation and a negative view of the self are the core aspects of social anxiety. Self-compassion and self-esteem are two distinct positive attitudes toward the self, which are positively related to each other, well-being and good psychological functioning. It is less clear, however, how they interplay in socially anxious individuals and if self-compassion may reduce the negative effect of low self-esteem on social anxiety. The current r…
Maladaptive task-unrelated thoughts: Self-control failure or avoidant behavior? Preliminary evidence from an experience sampling study
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide quantitative evidence from an experience sampling study on the role of the valence of currently performed tasks and beliefs on emotions on TUT intensity. It might be an important indication for research and clinical practice that maladaptive TUT might not be only linked to self-control failure but also to emotion regulation strategies one is using
Anxiety, depression and perseverative cognition in women cycling naturally or taking oral contraceptives – a diary study
While the literature is inconsistent about the link between anxiety and oral contraceptives (OC), the link between depression and OC is recognized in women who started OC during adolescence. Perseverative cognition is a stress-coping mechanism present both in anxiety and depression. Our study aimed to understand the differences between women taking OC and naturally cycling (NC) women regarding their daily levels of anxiety, depression, related ne…
Visual support in easy language: The impact of images on comprehension, perceived difficulty and eye movements
Easy Language (EL) presents information in a simplified way and benefits people who have difficulty understanding standard language. The present study evaluates the effects of visual support inclusion, as it is a recurring recommendation in EL guidelines. We examined 52 adults (23 men and 29 women; mean age of 39.9; 26 with intellectual disabilities [ID], 26 neurotypical) in a mixed design study. They read EL texts that presented either no visual…
Eye-Tracking in Reading Research: A Systematic Review of Studies With Children of Varying Reading Ability
Eye-tracking methods have become a valuable tool for reading research, as they provide significant evidence on the behavioral and cognitive performance of developing readers. They also help identify reading behavior patterns among children with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as reading difficulties (RD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we reviewed relevant literature (73 empirical studies) from 2008 to 2023 …
Assessing daydreaming frequency and control with the Polish version of the Daydreaming Frequency Scale – validation using ecological momentary assessment
Daydreaming is a prevalent type of cognitive activity, in which the content of one's thoughts is unrelated to the current task. The Daydreaming Frequency Scale (DDFS) was the first questionnaire devised to measure the occurrence of daydreaming and remains widely used for this purpose today. We report on three studies validating the Polish version of the DDFS. Study 1 (n=385) examines its factor validity, internal consistency, and criterion validi…
Psychology (15 works) · Developmental psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Clinical Psychology (5 works) · Cognition (5 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes (4 works) · Audiology (4 works) · Computer Science (4 works)