Darrin R Lehman

Biographic Data

ID82552
NAMEDarrin R Lehman
GIVEN NAMESDarrin R
FAMILY NAMELehman
SIGNATURELEHMAN D R
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of British Columbia
VERIFIEDNo
TOTAL WORKS35
TOTAL CITATIONS729
AUTHOR COUNT35
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1985
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2005
H-INDEX12

  • Culture and Social Comparison Seeking: The Role of Self-Motives

    Open AccessKatherine White, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEPersonality and Social Psychology…2005

    Three studies examined the relation between cultural background and social comparison seeking. Compared to European Canadians, Asian Canadians sought more social comparisons, particularly those that were upward (Study 1), more social comparisons after failure (Study 2), and more social comparisons after failure when the opportunity for self-improvement was made salient (Study 3). Taken together, these data spotlight Asian Canadians’ interest in s…

  • Culture, self-construal, and affective reactions to successful and unsuccessful others

    Open AccessKatherine White, Darrin R Lehman et al.ARTICLEJournal of Experimental Social…2005Cited by: 4References: 53

  • Psychology and Culture

    Darrin R Lehman, Chi-Yue Chiu et al.ARTICLEAnnual Review of Psychology2004

    Psychological processes influence culture. Culture influences psychological processes. Individual thoughts and actions influence cultural norms and practices as they evolve over time, and these cultural norms and practices influence the thoughts and actions of individuals. Large bodies of literature support these conclusions within the context of research on evolutionary processes, epistemic needs, interpersonal communication, attention, percepti…

  • Culture, Stress, and Coping: Internally- and Externally-Targeted Control Strategies of European Canadians, East Asian Canadians, and Japanese

    Open AccessRoger G Tweed, Katherine White et al.ARTICLEJournal of Cross-Cultural…2004Cited by: 6References: 48

    Two studies examined internally and externally targeted control strategies in response to life stressors in European Canadians, East Asian Canadians, and Japanese. In Study 1, European Canadian, East Asian Canadian, and sojourning Japanese university students in Canada recalled a stressful life event and reported their coping strategies. Respondents also reported current and retrospective self-evaluations that allowed assessment of perceived self…

  • Confucian and Socratic learning

    Roger G Tweed, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEAmerican Psychologist2003Cited by: 2References: 1

  • Learning considered within a cultural context: Confucian and Socratic approaches

    Roger G Tweed, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEAmerican Psychologist2002

  • Learning considered within a cultural context: Confucian and Socratic approaches

    Roger G Tweed, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEAmerican Psychologist2002

    A Confucian-Socratic framework is used to analyze culture's influence on academic learning. Socrates, a Western exemplar, valued private and public questioning of widely accepted knowledge and expected students to evaluate others' beliefs and to generate and express their own hypotheses. Confucius, an Eastern exemplar, valued effortful, respectful, and pragmatic acquisition of essential knowledge as well as behavioral reform. Expressions of these…

  • Eating for optimal health: "How much should we eat?": Comment

    John P J Pinel, Darrin R Lehman et al.ARTICLEAmerican Psychologist2002

  • Eating for optimal health: "How much should we eat?": Comment

    John P J Pinel, Darrin R Lehman et al.ARTICLEAmerican Psychologist2002

  • Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice

    Barry Schwartz, Andrew Ward et al.ARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…2002Cited by: 78References: 70

    Can people feel worse off as the options they face increase? The present studies suggest that some people--maximizers--can. Study 1 reported a Maximization Scale, which measures individual differences in desire to maximize. Seven samples revealed negative correlations between maximization and happiness, optimism, self-esteem, and life satisfaction, and positive correlations between maximization and depression, perfectionism, and regret. Study 2 f…

  • What's wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales: The reference-group effect

    Steven J Heine, Darrin R Lehman et al.ARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…2002Cited by: 124References: 77

    Social comparison theory maintains that people think about themselves compared with similar others. Those in one culture, then, compare themselves with different others and standards than do those in another culture, thus potentially confounding cross-cultural comparisons. A pilot study and Study 1 demonstrated the problematic nature of this reference-group effect: Whereas cultural experts agreed that East Asians are more collectivistic than Nort…

  • Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss

    George A Bonanno, Camille B Wortman et al.ARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…2002Cited by: 113References: 4

  • Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves

    Steven J Heine, Steven Heine et al.ARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…2001Cited by: 58References: 67

    Self-enhancing and self-improving motivations were investigated across cultures. Replicating past research, North Americans who failed on a task persisted less on a follow-up task than those who succeeded. In contrast, Japanese who failed persisted more than those who succeeded. The Japanese pattern is evidence for a self-improving orientation: Failures highlight where corrective efforts are needed. Japanese who failed also enhanced the importanc…

  • Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluation: Japanese Readily Accept Negative Self-Relevant Information

    Open AccessSteven J Heine, Shinobu Kitayama et al.ARTICLEJournal of Cross-Cultural…2001Cited by: 16References: 35

    The authors investigated compensatory self-enhancement in Japanese and Canadian university students. Research has revealed that when North Americans publicly discover a weakness in one self domain, they typically bolster their self-assessments in another unrelated domain. This effect is less commonly found in private settings. Following a private failure experience on a creativity task, Canadians discounted the negative feedback, although they di…

  • Beyond Self-Presentation: Evidence for Self-Criticism among Japanese

    Open AccessSteven J Heine, Toshitake Takata et al.ARTICLEPersonality and Social Psychology…2000

    Although a robust finding in cross-cultural research is that Japanese exhibit less self-enhancement than North Americans, all of these studies have employed questionnaire measures susceptible to self-presentational biases. The present study assessed self-enhancement in a laboratory that covertly measured participants’ behaviors. Whereas Canadians were reluctant to conclude that they had performed worse than their average classmate, Japanese were …

  • Hunger, eating, and ill health

    John P J Pinel, Sunaina Assanand et al.ARTICLEAmerican Psychologist2000

    Humans and other warm-blooded animals living with continuous access to a variety of good-tasting foods tend to eat too much and suffer ill health as a result--a finding that is incompatible with the widely held view that hunger and eating are compensatory processes that function to maintain the body's energy resources at a set point. The authors argue that because of the scarcity and unpredictability of food in nature, humans and other animals ha…

  • Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?

    Steven J Heine, Darrin R Lehman et al.ARTICLEPsychological Review1999

    It is assumed that people seek positive self-regard; that is, they are motivated to possess, enhance, and maintain positive self-views. The cross-cultural generalizability of such motivations was addressed by examining Japanese culture. Anthropological, sociological, and psychological analyses revealed that many elements of Japanese culture are incongruent with such motivations. Moreover, the empirical literature provides scant evidence for a nee…

  • Culture, Self-Discrepancies, and Self-Satisfaction

    Open AccessSteven J Heine, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEPersonality and Social Psychology…1999

    In contrast to the reliable effects observed with North Americans, research with Japanese has failed to detect self-enhancing biases. The authors considered the possibility that, owing to the need to adapt themselves to others’ expectations, Japanese are more critical of themselves than are North Americans. A comparison of actual-ideal self-discrepancies indeed revealed larger discrepancies for Japanese than for either European or Asian Canadians…

  • Culture, Dissonance, and Self-Affirmation

    Open AccessSteven J Heine, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEPersonality and Social Psychology…1997

    Within the framework of self-affirmation theory, the authors compared levels of dissonance reduction in the free-choice paradigm between a culture typical of an independent construal of self (Canadian) and a culture typical of an interdependent construal of self (Japanese). Whereas Canadian results virtually duplicated past self-affirmation findings with U.S. participants, Japanese results showed no dissonance reduction. This, the authors argue, …

  • Long-Term Psychological and Somatic Consequences of Later Life Parental Bereavement

    Open AccessB De Vries, Christopher G Davis et al.ARTICLEOMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying1997

    The death of an adult child is purported to precipitate the most distressing and long-lasting of all grief reactions. The empirical literature surrounding such a claim, however, is primarily clinical and anecdotal in nature with relatively arbitrary and small samples. Drawing from a nationally representative sample of adults (Americans' Changing Lives, 1986, 1989), we examine the long-term effects of the death of an adult child longitudinally ove…

  • The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases

    Steven J Heine, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…1997Cited by: 66

    Self-serving biases, found routinely in Western samples, have not been observed in Asian samples. Yet given the orientation toward individualism and collectivism in these 2 cultures, respectively, it is imperative to examine whether parallel differences emerge when the target of evaluation is the group. It may be that Asians show a group-serving bias parallel to the Western self-serving bias. In 2 studies, group-serving biases were compared acros…

  • Self-concept clarity: "Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries": Correction

    Jennifer D Campbell, Paul D Trapnell et al.ARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…1996Cited by: 2

  • Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries

    Jennifer D Campbell, Paul D Trapnell et al.ARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…1996Cited by: 135

    Self-concept clarity (SCC) references a structural spect oftbe self-concept: the extent to which self-beliefs are clearly and confidently defined, internally consistent, and stable. This article reports the SCC Scale and examines (a) its correlations with self-esteem (SE), the Big Five dimensions, and self-focused attention (Study l); (b) its criterion validity (Study 2); and (c) its cultural boundaries (Study 3). Low SCC was independently associ…

  • Counterfactual thinking and ascriptions of cause and preventability

    David R Mandel, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…1996Cited by: 16

    Research suggests that counterfactuals (i.e., thoughts of how things might have been different) play an important role in determining the perceived cause of a target outcome. Results from 3 scenario studies indicate that counterfactual content overlapped primarily with thoughts of how an outcome might have been prevented (preventability ascriptions) rather than with thoughts of how it might have been caused (causal ascriptions). Counterfactuals a…

  • Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more vulnerable than the East

    Steven J Heine, Darrin R LehmanARTICLEJournal of Personality and Social…1995Cited by: 43

    Levels of unrealistic optimism were compared for Canadians (a culture typical of an independent construal of self) and Japanese (a culture typical of an interdependent construal of self). Across 2 studies, Canadians showed significantly more unrealistic optimism than Japanese, and Canadians' optimism bias was more strongly related to perceived threat. Study 2 revealed that Japanese were even less unrealistically optimistic for events that were pa…