Stephen R Frost
Biographic Data
| ID | 82800 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stephen R Frost |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stephen R |
| FAMILY NAME | Frost |
| SIGNATURE | FROST S R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oregon |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4432-2760 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 274 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Extinct Primates and What They Can Tell Us About Future Extinctions
In this article, I review the primate fossil record for some of the ways that it can inform us about the ongoing mass extinction. The broad patterns of past extinctions are discussed, as is how they are similar to those for mammals more generally, including the relationship to past climatic change, the size bias of Pleistocene extinctions, and the depleted nature of current communities. I also review some of the challenges with studying extinctio…
Description and taxonomic assessment of fossil Cercopithecidae from the Pliocene Galili Formation (Ethiopia)
Expanded geographic distribution and dietary strategies of the earliest Oldowan hominins and Paranthropus
The oldest Oldowan tool sites, from around 2.6 million years ago, have previously been confined to Ethiopia’s Afar Triangle. We describe sites at Nyayanga, Kenya, dated to 3.032 to 2.581 million years ago and expand this distribution by over 1300 kilometers. Furthermore, we found two hippopotamid butchery sites associated with mosaic vegetation and a C 4 grazer–dominated fauna. Tool flaking proficiency was comparable with that of younger Oldowan …
The earliest most complete skeleton of Theropithecus
The 6-Million-Year Record of Ecological and Environmental Change at Gona, Afar Region, Ethiopia
The rift setting of eastern Africa preserves exceptional records of mammalian (including hominin) fossils and archeology. The Afar region is host to multiple deposits with sediments ranging in age from>9 Ma to the present (Chorowicz, 2005; Katoh et al., 2016) and plays a major role in our understanding of human origins. The Gona project area contains fossiliferous deposits that span ca . 6.3 to <0.15 Ma (Quade et al., 2008); the duration of this …
The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus
OBJECTIVES: The primate talus is known to have a shape that varies according to differences in locomotion and substrate use. While the modern human talus is morphologically specialized for bipedal walking, relatively little is known on how its morphology varies in relation to cultural and environmental differences across time. Here we compare tali of modern human populations with different subsistence economies and lifestyles to explore how cultu…
Morphometric analysis of the hominin talus: Evolutionary and functional implications
Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Early Pliocene Sagantole Formation at Gona, Ethiopia
Cercopithecid fossils from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya (2007-2015)
Life-course approaches to investigate adverse effects of caffeine
Trajectory analysis among African hominoids can provide insights into genetic and epigenetic influences during ontogeny
OBJECTIVES: Prior examination of the ontogeny of Hominoid talo-crural joint morphology using Singular Warp analysis suggested both a genetic and epigenetic signal during development. This question is examined using trajectory analysis and its implications for the Hominin fossil record explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trajectory analysis was used to examine talo-crural joint shape at different molar eruption stages during development among a cohor…
Evolution of the modern baboon (Papio hamadryas): A reassessment of the African Plio-Pleistocene record
Ontogeny and phylogeny of the cercopithecine cranium: A geometric morphometric approach to comparing shape change trajectories
Cranial sexual dimorphism in the Kinda baboon ( Papio hamadryas kindae )
OBJECTIVES: The smallest extant member of genus Papio, the Kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. Ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial-shape differences within Papio, but studies have shown that the Kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. If so, its cranial-dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. To evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate crani…
New cranium of the large cercopithecid primate Theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi (Hopwood, 1934) from the paleoanthropological site of Makuyuni, Tanzania
Constructing cranial ontogenetic trajectories: A comparison of growth, development, and chronological age proxies using a known‐age sample of Macaca mulatta
Recent morphometric research has generated opposing conclusions regarding the ontogenetic trajectories of catarrhine crania, possibly due to the ontogenetic proxies used to calculate them. Therefore, we used three surrogates: size, molar eruption, and chronological age to generate trajectories in a known‐age sample to produce ontogenetic trajectories and determine the similarities and differences between them. Forty‐three landmarks from an ontoge…
Reassessment of Olduvai Bed I cercopithecoids: A new biochronological and biogeographical link to the South African fossil record
The ontogeny of talo‐crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: Adult shape reflects substrate use
The upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. Singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. This study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. A total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadul…
Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage
AAPA Presentation Schedule
The history of infectious disease in humans (and to a lesser extent other primates) has been studied from different perspectives including those of bioarchaeology, medical history, and evolutionary genetics. Technical advances in nucleotide sequencing as well as in the ability to obtain genetic material from difficult sources (such as feces and ancient materials) have enhanced our ability to examine both ancient pathogens and pathogens that are d…
Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Three fossils, a cranium of Papio , a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio , have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating…
Pattern and pace of dental eruption in Tarsius
This article uses data on the dental eruption pattern and life history of Tarsius to test the utility of Schultz's rule. Schultz's rule claims a relationship between the relative pattern of eruption and the absolute pace of dental development and life history and may be useful in reconstructing life histories in extinct primates. Here, we document an unusual eruption pattern in Tarsius combining early eruption (relative to molars) of anterior rep…
New primate remains from Mwenirondo, Chiwondo Beds in northern Malawi
Macrovertebrate Paleontology and the Pliocene Habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus
A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predomina…
Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and phylogeny: A cladistic analysis of extant African papionins using craniodental data
Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia
Examining affinities of the Taung child by developmental simulation
Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and phylogeny: A cladistic analysis of extant African papionins using craniodental data
Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage
Middle Pleistocene fossil Cercopithecidae from Asbole, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Evolution of the modern baboon (Papio hamadryas): A reassessment of the African Plio-Pleistocene record
Fossil cercopithecidae from the Middle Pleistocene Dawaitoli formation, Middle Awash valley, Afar region, Ethiopia
A series of fossil cercopithecoids has been recovered from the Dawaitoli Formaiton, in the Middle Awash study area, Ethiopia. The Dawaitoli Fm. has been dated to ∼600 Ka. This series includes several partial crania of Theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi as well as other cranial and postcranial fragments. This material is some of the most complete to date and adds considerably to what is known of this widespread and abundant taxon. There are also two is…
The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus
OBJECTIVES: The primate talus is known to have a shape that varies according to differences in locomotion and substrate use. While the modern human talus is morphologically specialized for bipedal walking, relatively little is known on how its morphology varies in relation to cultural and environmental differences across time. Here we compare tali of modern human populations with different subsistence economies and lifestyles to explore how cultu…
Morphometric analysis of the hominin talus: Evolutionary and functional implications
Cercopithecid fossils from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya (2007-2015)
Reassessment of Olduvai Bed I cercopithecoids: A new biochronological and biogeographical link to the South African fossil record
Dental Eruption Sequences in Fossil Colobines and the Evolution of Primate Life Histories
Partial cranium of Cercopithecoides kimeui Leakey, 1982 from Rawi Gully, southwestern Kenya
The Rawi Gully, located on the Homa Peninsula in southwestern Kenya, has produced several fossil elements of a large cercopithecid from sediments approximately 2.5 million years old (Ma). Nearly all of these elements appear to represent a single adult male individual of the colobine species Cercopithecoides kimeui Leakey, 1982. Part of the face, mandible, dentition, and several small postcranial fragments were collected by the Homa Peninsula Pale…
Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Three fossils, a cranium of Papio , a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio , have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating…
New primate remains from Mwenirondo, Chiwondo Beds in northern Malawi
Cranial sexual dimorphism in the Kinda baboon ( Papio hamadryas kindae )
OBJECTIVES: The smallest extant member of genus Papio, the Kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. Ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial-shape differences within Papio, but studies have shown that the Kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. If so, its cranial-dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. To evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate crani…
Constructing cranial ontogenetic trajectories: A comparison of growth, development, and chronological age proxies using a known‐age sample of Macaca mulatta
Recent morphometric research has generated opposing conclusions regarding the ontogenetic trajectories of catarrhine crania, possibly due to the ontogenetic proxies used to calculate them. Therefore, we used three surrogates: size, molar eruption, and chronological age to generate trajectories in a known‐age sample to produce ontogenetic trajectories and determine the similarities and differences between them. Forty‐three landmarks from an ontoge…
The ontogeny of talo‐crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: Adult shape reflects substrate use
The upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. Singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. This study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. A total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadul…
New cranium of the large cercopithecid primate Theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi (Hopwood, 1934) from the paleoanthropological site of Makuyuni, Tanzania
Pattern and pace of dental eruption in Tarsius
This article uses data on the dental eruption pattern and life history of Tarsius to test the utility of Schultz's rule. Schultz's rule claims a relationship between the relative pattern of eruption and the absolute pace of dental development and life history and may be useful in reconstructing life histories in extinct primates. Here, we document an unusual eruption pattern in Tarsius combining early eruption (relative to molars) of anterior rep…
Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Early Pliocene Sagantole Formation at Gona, Ethiopia
The earliest most complete skeleton of Theropithecus
Trajectory analysis among African hominoids can provide insights into genetic and epigenetic influences during ontogeny
OBJECTIVES: Prior examination of the ontogeny of Hominoid talo-crural joint morphology using Singular Warp analysis suggested both a genetic and epigenetic signal during development. This question is examined using trajectory analysis and its implications for the Hominin fossil record explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trajectory analysis was used to examine talo-crural joint shape at different molar eruption stages during development among a cohor…
Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia
Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large‐bodied papionins (primates: (Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data
The cranial morphology of the African Old World monkeys Mandrillus , Papio , and Theropithecus (i.e., baboons) has been the subject of a number of studies investigating their systematic relationships, patterns of scaling, and growth. In this study, we use landmark‐based geometric morphometrics and multivariate analysis to assess the effects of size, sex, taxonomy, and geographic location on cranial shape. Forty‐five landmarks were digitized in th…
Partial cranium of Cercopithecoides kimeui Leakey, 1982 from Rawi Gully, southwestern Kenya
The Rawi Gully, located on the Homa Peninsula in southwestern Kenya, has produced several fossil elements of a large cercopithecid from sediments approximately 2.5 million years old (Ma). Nearly all of these elements appear to represent a single adult male individual of the colobine species Cercopithecoides kimeui Leakey, 1982. Part of the face, mandible, dentition, and several small postcranial fragments were collected by the Homa Peninsula Pale…
Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: Implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences
The taxonomic status of Neanderthals lies at the center of the modern human origins debate. Proponents of the single-origin model often view this group as a distinct species with little or no contribution to the evolution of modern humans. Adherents to the regional continuity model consider Neanderthals a subspecies or population of Homo sapiens , which contributed significantly to the evolution of early modern Europeans. Paleontologists generall…
Neandertal variation and taxonomy—a reply to Ackermann (2005) and Ahern et al. (2005)
Virtual Reconstruction: A Primer in Computer-Assisted Paleontology and Biomedicine . Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, Marcia S. Ponce de León
Examining affinities of the Taung child by developmental simulation
Databases, data access, and data sharing in paleoanthropology: First steps
Dental Eruption Sequences in Fossil Colobines and the Evolution of Primate Life Histories
Fossil cercopithecidae from the Middle Pleistocene Dawaitoli formation, Middle Awash valley, Afar region, Ethiopia
A series of fossil cercopithecoids has been recovered from the Dawaitoli Formaiton, in the Middle Awash study area, Ethiopia. The Dawaitoli Fm. has been dated to ∼600 Ka. This series includes several partial crania of Theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi as well as other cranial and postcranial fragments. This material is some of the most complete to date and adds considerably to what is known of this widespread and abundant taxon. There are also two is…
Middle Pleistocene fossil Cercopithecidae from Asbole, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Macrovertebrate Paleontology and the Pliocene Habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus
A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predomina…
Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and phylogeny: A cladistic analysis of extant African papionins using craniodental data
Pattern and pace of dental eruption in Tarsius
This article uses data on the dental eruption pattern and life history of Tarsius to test the utility of Schultz's rule. Schultz's rule claims a relationship between the relative pattern of eruption and the absolute pace of dental development and life history and may be useful in reconstructing life histories in extinct primates. Here, we document an unusual eruption pattern in Tarsius combining early eruption (relative to molars) of anterior rep…
New primate remains from Mwenirondo, Chiwondo Beds in northern Malawi
Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Three fossils, a cranium of Papio , a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio , have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating…
AAPA Presentation Schedule
The history of infectious disease in humans (and to a lesser extent other primates) has been studied from different perspectives including those of bioarchaeology, medical history, and evolutionary genetics. Technical advances in nucleotide sequencing as well as in the ability to obtain genetic material from difficult sources (such as feces and ancient materials) have enhanced our ability to examine both ancient pathogens and pathogens that are d…
The ontogeny of talo‐crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: Adult shape reflects substrate use
The upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. Singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. This study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. A total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadul…
Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage
Constructing cranial ontogenetic trajectories: A comparison of growth, development, and chronological age proxies using a known‐age sample of Macaca mulatta
Recent morphometric research has generated opposing conclusions regarding the ontogenetic trajectories of catarrhine crania, possibly due to the ontogenetic proxies used to calculate them. Therefore, we used three surrogates: size, molar eruption, and chronological age to generate trajectories in a known‐age sample to produce ontogenetic trajectories and determine the similarities and differences between them. Forty‐three landmarks from an ontoge…
Reassessment of Olduvai Bed I cercopithecoids: A new biochronological and biogeographical link to the South African fossil record
Cranial sexual dimorphism in the Kinda baboon ( Papio hamadryas kindae )
OBJECTIVES: The smallest extant member of genus Papio, the Kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. Ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial-shape differences within Papio, but studies have shown that the Kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. If so, its cranial-dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. To evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate crani…
New cranium of the large cercopithecid primate Theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi (Hopwood, 1934) from the paleoanthropological site of Makuyuni, Tanzania
Trajectory analysis among African hominoids can provide insights into genetic and epigenetic influences during ontogeny
OBJECTIVES: Prior examination of the ontogeny of Hominoid talo-crural joint morphology using Singular Warp analysis suggested both a genetic and epigenetic signal during development. This question is examined using trajectory analysis and its implications for the Hominin fossil record explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trajectory analysis was used to examine talo-crural joint shape at different molar eruption stages during development among a cohor…
Evolution of the modern baboon (Papio hamadryas): A reassessment of the African Plio-Pleistocene record
Biology (31 works) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (26 works) · Paleontology (24 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (23 works) · Paleontology (21 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (21 works) · Zoology (21 works) · Ecology (17 works) · Geography (17 works) · Evolutionary biology (16 works)