Karolina Hansen
Biographic Data
| ID | 82830 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karolina Hansen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karolina |
| FAMILY NAME | Hansen |
| SIGNATURE | HANSEN K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Warsaw |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1556-4058 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 55 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Underestimating sexism: Is gender categorization key?
In everyday life it can be controversial whether gender-based discrimination (i.e., sexism) has occurred or not. Claims of sexism are sometimes doubted, rejected, or cause backlash. The main aim of the present research was to investigate whether sexism is (relatively) underestimated. We experimentally tested whether instances of sexism are regarded as less discriminatory than the same instances involving racism, another prevalent form of discrimi…
The role of language, appearance, and voice in the social perception of nonbinary individuals
Nonbinary individuals express their identity through the use of altered or entirely new linguistic forms. Along with appearance or voice, it can affect how they are perceived by others. Previous studies have either omitted consideration of nonbinary populations entirely or examined elements such as the nonbinary language in isolation from other characteristics that affect perception. The aim of the current study was to investigate the perception …
Factors associated with burnout in Polish healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the healthcare system under substantial strain that has caused elevated psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs). Previous studies have found a high prevalence of burnout among HCWs exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and have delineated some associated factors, but further research is needed. Little is known, for example, whether the economic status of HCWs or experiencing negative an…
Linguistic purism and loanword adaptation techniques: The case of Polish
This article reports on a study whose aim was to analyze the relation between the level of declarative purism and the preference for a particular loanword adaptation technique. Evidence from many languages shows that language purists accept foreign words more readily if they are in a native disguise; as a consequence, they choose adaptation techniques which mask the origin of foreign words. An online survey (N = 213) making use of invented loanwo…
Subtle Linguistic Cues Affecting Gender In(Equality)
Gender stereotypes and related gender discrimination are encoded in and transmitted through language, contributing to gender inequality. In this article, we review research findings on subtle linguistic means of communicating gender stereotypes and gender hierarchies. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive repository of various instances of subtle linguistic biases potentially useful in creating a text analysis toolbox to quantify gender bias in …
Social Perception of Non-Binary Individuals
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study’s purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially cha…
Prologue: History, Themes, Analysis, and Rationale
In this Special Issue, we commemorate 40 years of publishing research in the Journal of Language & Social Psychology (JLSP). We first provide a brief glimpse of the history of the field of language and social psychology and the emergence of JLSP within it. This is then developed further by exploring the themes—and the relationships between them—arising over the four decades of the journal, by means of a Leximancer analysis of the titles and abstr…
Risk of Developing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Severe Covid-19 Survivors, Their Families and Frontline Healthcare Workers: What Should Mental Health Specialists Prepare For
Given the high mortality of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), having severe COVID-19 may be a life-threatening event, especially for individuals at high risk of complications. Therefore, in the article we try to answer two questions that are relevant to public mental health: Can we define groups who are at higher risk of developing pandemic-related PTSD? How can health specialists prepare for it? Given the results of previous research on P…
Prologue: Language Challenges in the 21st Century
As immigration and mobility increases, so do interactions between people from different linguistic backgrounds. Yet while linguistic diversity offers many benefits, it also comes with a number of challenges. In seven empirical articles and one commentary, this Special Issue addresses some of the most significant language challenges facing researchers in the 21st century: the power language has to form and perpetuate stereotypes, the contribution …
The Twofold Role of a Minority Language in Historical Trauma: The Case of Lemko Minority in Poland
Tragic collective events bring about long-term consequences for affected groups. These effects not only affect the immediate victims of trauma, but can also influence subsequent generations. In the present research, we examined the effects of minority language use on historical trauma. In a study of 237 Lemko participants, members of a severely victimized ethnic minority in Poland, we tested the effects of cognitive availability of historical tra…
Accent Beliefs Scale (ABS): Scale Development and Validation
People's accents in speech strongly influence how they are perceived by others. The current Accent Beliefs Scale was inspired by work on stigmatization, implicit theories of intelligence, and essentialism. The scale has two dimensions: accent diagnosticity and accent stability. The scale was developed, validated, and applied using a mixed methods approach with a QUAN-qual sequential design. Pretest and Study 1 developed the items, the subscales, …
Anger Detracts From Beauty”: Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Narratives About Anger
In a mixed-design narrative study, we explore how adolescent boys and girls represent experiences of anger and how their narrations are linked to self-esteem and anxiety. Polish teens from three nonurban public schools ( N = 101, 55% female, M age = 15.5) wrote narrative accounts of their typical anger experience. We use a thematic analysis framework to analyze the patterns in these narratives. Boys and girls told stories within school, family, a…
Foreign-Looking Native-Accented People: More Competent When First Seen Rather Than Heard
Psychological research has neglected people whose accent does not match their appearance. Most research on person perception has focused on appearance, overlooking accents that are equally important social cues. If accents were studied, it was often done in isolation (i.e., detached from appearance). We examine how varying accent and appearance information about people affects evaluations. We show that evaluations of expectancy-violating people s…
Psychological Determinants of Linguistic Purism: National Identification, Conservatism, and Attitudes to Loanwords
Aversion to loanwords may express itself in various ways: deliberate and motivated by ideology of linguistic purism or more implicit and motivated by the strength of one's national identification and ethnolinguistic vitality. A study of Polish philology students assessed their tendency to choose loanwords versus synonymous native words. The results supported a two-path model of linguistic purism. Social identity (strength of identification) direc…
Social dominance orientation, nonnative accents, and hiring recommendations
These findings suggest a cycle of prejudice toward nonnative speakers: Not only do perceptions of difficulty in understanding cause prejudice toward them, but also prejudice toward low-status groups can lead to perceived difficulty in understanding members of these groups. (PsycINFO Database Record
Quantitative and Qualitative Research across Cultures and Languages: Cultural Metrics and their Application
Backlash Over Gender-Fair Language: The Impact of Feminine Job Titles on Men’s and Women’s Perception of Women
Feminine forms of job titles raise great interest in many countries. However, it is still unknown how they shape stereotypical impressions on warmth and competence dimensions among female and male listeners. In an experiment with fictitious job titles men perceived women described with feminine job titles as significantly less warm and marginally less competent than women with masculine job titles, which led to lower willingness to employ them. N…
When Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Preventing Discrimination of Nonstandard Speakers
Prejudice against a social group may lead to discrimination of members of this group. One very strong cue of group membership is a (non)standard accent in speech. Surprisingly, hardly any interventions against accent-based discrimination have been tested. In the current article, we introduce an intervention in which what participants experience themselves unobtrusively changes their evaluations of others. In the present experiment, participants i…
Do Only Fools Smile at Strangers? Cultural Differences in Social Perception of Intelligence of Smiling Individuals
Studies on social perception reveal that on many dimensions, smiling individuals are perceived more positively in comparison with non-smiling individuals. The experiment carried out in seven countries (China, Germany, Iran, Norway, Poland, USA, and the Republic of South Africa) showed that in some cultures, smiling individuals may be perceived less favorably than non-smiling individuals. We compared ratings of intelligence made by participants vi…
Social dominance orientation, nonnative accents, and hiring recommendations
These findings suggest a cycle of prejudice toward nonnative speakers: Not only do perceptions of difficulty in understanding cause prejudice toward them, but also prejudice toward low-status groups can lead to perceived difficulty in understanding members of these groups. (PsycINFO Database Record
When Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Preventing Discrimination of Nonstandard Speakers
Prejudice against a social group may lead to discrimination of members of this group. One very strong cue of group membership is a (non)standard accent in speech. Surprisingly, hardly any interventions against accent-based discrimination have been tested. In the current article, we introduce an intervention in which what participants experience themselves unobtrusively changes their evaluations of others. In the present experiment, participants i…
Psychological Determinants of Linguistic Purism: National Identification, Conservatism, and Attitudes to Loanwords
Aversion to loanwords may express itself in various ways: deliberate and motivated by ideology of linguistic purism or more implicit and motivated by the strength of one's national identification and ethnolinguistic vitality. A study of Polish philology students assessed their tendency to choose loanwords versus synonymous native words. The results supported a two-path model of linguistic purism. Social identity (strength of identification) direc…
Prologue: Language Challenges in the 21st Century
As immigration and mobility increases, so do interactions between people from different linguistic backgrounds. Yet while linguistic diversity offers many benefits, it also comes with a number of challenges. In seven empirical articles and one commentary, this Special Issue addresses some of the most significant language challenges facing researchers in the 21st century: the power language has to form and perpetuate stereotypes, the contribution …
Backlash Over Gender-Fair Language: The Impact of Feminine Job Titles on Men’s and Women’s Perception of Women
Feminine forms of job titles raise great interest in many countries. However, it is still unknown how they shape stereotypical impressions on warmth and competence dimensions among female and male listeners. In an experiment with fictitious job titles men perceived women described with feminine job titles as significantly less warm and marginally less competent than women with masculine job titles, which led to lower willingness to employ them. N…
Social Perception of Non-Binary Individuals
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study’s purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially cha…
The Twofold Role of a Minority Language in Historical Trauma: The Case of Lemko Minority in Poland
Tragic collective events bring about long-term consequences for affected groups. These effects not only affect the immediate victims of trauma, but can also influence subsequent generations. In the present research, we examined the effects of minority language use on historical trauma. In a study of 237 Lemko participants, members of a severely victimized ethnic minority in Poland, we tested the effects of cognitive availability of historical tra…
Accent Beliefs Scale (ABS): Scale Development and Validation
People's accents in speech strongly influence how they are perceived by others. The current Accent Beliefs Scale was inspired by work on stigmatization, implicit theories of intelligence, and essentialism. The scale has two dimensions: accent diagnosticity and accent stability. The scale was developed, validated, and applied using a mixed methods approach with a QUAN-qual sequential design. Pretest and Study 1 developed the items, the subscales, …
Do Only Fools Smile at Strangers? Cultural Differences in Social Perception of Intelligence of Smiling Individuals
Studies on social perception reveal that on many dimensions, smiling individuals are perceived more positively in comparison with non-smiling individuals. The experiment carried out in seven countries (China, Germany, Iran, Norway, Poland, USA, and the Republic of South Africa) showed that in some cultures, smiling individuals may be perceived less favorably than non-smiling individuals. We compared ratings of intelligence made by participants vi…
The role of language, appearance, and voice in the social perception of nonbinary individuals
Nonbinary individuals express their identity through the use of altered or entirely new linguistic forms. Along with appearance or voice, it can affect how they are perceived by others. Previous studies have either omitted consideration of nonbinary populations entirely or examined elements such as the nonbinary language in isolation from other characteristics that affect perception. The aim of the current study was to investigate the perception …
Quantitative and Qualitative Research across Cultures and Languages: Cultural Metrics and their Application
Quantitative and Qualitative Research across Cultures and Languages: Cultural Metrics and their Application
Backlash Over Gender-Fair Language: The Impact of Feminine Job Titles on Men’s and Women’s Perception of Women
Feminine forms of job titles raise great interest in many countries. However, it is still unknown how they shape stereotypical impressions on warmth and competence dimensions among female and male listeners. In an experiment with fictitious job titles men perceived women described with feminine job titles as significantly less warm and marginally less competent than women with masculine job titles, which led to lower willingness to employ them. N…
When Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Preventing Discrimination of Nonstandard Speakers
Prejudice against a social group may lead to discrimination of members of this group. One very strong cue of group membership is a (non)standard accent in speech. Surprisingly, hardly any interventions against accent-based discrimination have been tested. In the current article, we introduce an intervention in which what participants experience themselves unobtrusively changes their evaluations of others. In the present experiment, participants i…
Do Only Fools Smile at Strangers? Cultural Differences in Social Perception of Intelligence of Smiling Individuals
Studies on social perception reveal that on many dimensions, smiling individuals are perceived more positively in comparison with non-smiling individuals. The experiment carried out in seven countries (China, Germany, Iran, Norway, Poland, USA, and the Republic of South Africa) showed that in some cultures, smiling individuals may be perceived less favorably than non-smiling individuals. We compared ratings of intelligence made by participants vi…
Social dominance orientation, nonnative accents, and hiring recommendations
These findings suggest a cycle of prejudice toward nonnative speakers: Not only do perceptions of difficulty in understanding cause prejudice toward them, but also prejudice toward low-status groups can lead to perceived difficulty in understanding members of these groups. (PsycINFO Database Record
Foreign-Looking Native-Accented People: More Competent When First Seen Rather Than Heard
Psychological research has neglected people whose accent does not match their appearance. Most research on person perception has focused on appearance, overlooking accents that are equally important social cues. If accents were studied, it was often done in isolation (i.e., detached from appearance). We examine how varying accent and appearance information about people affects evaluations. We show that evaluations of expectancy-violating people s…
Psychological Determinants of Linguistic Purism: National Identification, Conservatism, and Attitudes to Loanwords
Aversion to loanwords may express itself in various ways: deliberate and motivated by ideology of linguistic purism or more implicit and motivated by the strength of one's national identification and ethnolinguistic vitality. A study of Polish philology students assessed their tendency to choose loanwords versus synonymous native words. The results supported a two-path model of linguistic purism. Social identity (strength of identification) direc…
Anger Detracts From Beauty”: Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Narratives About Anger
In a mixed-design narrative study, we explore how adolescent boys and girls represent experiences of anger and how their narrations are linked to self-esteem and anxiety. Polish teens from three nonurban public schools ( N = 101, 55% female, M age = 15.5) wrote narrative accounts of their typical anger experience. We use a thematic analysis framework to analyze the patterns in these narratives. Boys and girls told stories within school, family, a…
Prologue: Language Challenges in the 21st Century
As immigration and mobility increases, so do interactions between people from different linguistic backgrounds. Yet while linguistic diversity offers many benefits, it also comes with a number of challenges. In seven empirical articles and one commentary, this Special Issue addresses some of the most significant language challenges facing researchers in the 21st century: the power language has to form and perpetuate stereotypes, the contribution …
The Twofold Role of a Minority Language in Historical Trauma: The Case of Lemko Minority in Poland
Tragic collective events bring about long-term consequences for affected groups. These effects not only affect the immediate victims of trauma, but can also influence subsequent generations. In the present research, we examined the effects of minority language use on historical trauma. In a study of 237 Lemko participants, members of a severely victimized ethnic minority in Poland, we tested the effects of cognitive availability of historical tra…
Accent Beliefs Scale (ABS): Scale Development and Validation
People's accents in speech strongly influence how they are perceived by others. The current Accent Beliefs Scale was inspired by work on stigmatization, implicit theories of intelligence, and essentialism. The scale has two dimensions: accent diagnosticity and accent stability. The scale was developed, validated, and applied using a mixed methods approach with a QUAN-qual sequential design. Pretest and Study 1 developed the items, the subscales, …
Prologue: History, Themes, Analysis, and Rationale
In this Special Issue, we commemorate 40 years of publishing research in the Journal of Language & Social Psychology (JLSP). We first provide a brief glimpse of the history of the field of language and social psychology and the emergence of JLSP within it. This is then developed further by exploring the themes—and the relationships between them—arising over the four decades of the journal, by means of a Leximancer analysis of the titles and abstr…
Risk of Developing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Severe Covid-19 Survivors, Their Families and Frontline Healthcare Workers: What Should Mental Health Specialists Prepare For
Given the high mortality of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), having severe COVID-19 may be a life-threatening event, especially for individuals at high risk of complications. Therefore, in the article we try to answer two questions that are relevant to public mental health: Can we define groups who are at higher risk of developing pandemic-related PTSD? How can health specialists prepare for it? Given the results of previous research on P…
Linguistic purism and loanword adaptation techniques: The case of Polish
This article reports on a study whose aim was to analyze the relation between the level of declarative purism and the preference for a particular loanword adaptation technique. Evidence from many languages shows that language purists accept foreign words more readily if they are in a native disguise; as a consequence, they choose adaptation techniques which mask the origin of foreign words. An online survey (N = 213) making use of invented loanwo…
Subtle Linguistic Cues Affecting Gender In(Equality)
Gender stereotypes and related gender discrimination are encoded in and transmitted through language, contributing to gender inequality. In this article, we review research findings on subtle linguistic means of communicating gender stereotypes and gender hierarchies. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive repository of various instances of subtle linguistic biases potentially useful in creating a text analysis toolbox to quantify gender bias in …
Social Perception of Non-Binary Individuals
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study’s purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially cha…
Factors associated with burnout in Polish healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the healthcare system under substantial strain that has caused elevated psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs). Previous studies have found a high prevalence of burnout among HCWs exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and have delineated some associated factors, but further research is needed. Little is known, for example, whether the economic status of HCWs or experiencing negative an…
The role of language, appearance, and voice in the social perception of nonbinary individuals
Nonbinary individuals express their identity through the use of altered or entirely new linguistic forms. Along with appearance or voice, it can affect how they are perceived by others. Previous studies have either omitted consideration of nonbinary populations entirely or examined elements such as the nonbinary language in isolation from other characteristics that affect perception. The aim of the current study was to investigate the perception …
Underestimating sexism: Is gender categorization key?
In everyday life it can be controversial whether gender-based discrimination (i.e., sexism) has occurred or not. Claims of sexism are sometimes doubted, rejected, or cause backlash. The main aim of the present research was to investigate whether sexism is (relatively) underestimated. We experimentally tested whether instances of sexism are regarded as less discriminatory than the same instances involving racism, another prevalent form of discrimi…
Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Linguistics (11 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (6 works) · Gender Studies in Language (5 works) · Perception (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works) · Psychiatry (4 works)