Claudio Robles‐ortiz
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 83262 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Claudio Robles‐ortiz |
| NOMBRES | Claudio |
| APELLIDO | Robles‐ortiz |
| FIRMA | ORTIZ C R |
| AFILIACIONES | Universidad de Santiago de Chile |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3041-7838 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 12 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Agricultural Workers’ Standard of Living During Central Chile's Agrarian Expansion, 1870-1930
The purpose of this paper is to determine trends in the wages and living standards of male agricultural labourers in Central Chile during the agrarian expansion, c . 1870-1930. We found that nominal wages increased eightfold; this is relevant because wage labour became the main rural labour regime in this period. Nominal wages rose steadily from the early 1870s until 1910, and with significant fluctuations thereafter, before plummeting with the G…
Las empresas de aviación comercial y el sector agropecuario en Chile, 1948-1973
Objetivo/Contexto: Este artículo examina el papel del emergente sector de empresas privadas de aviación proveedoras de servicios de fumigación y transporte de carga en el sector agropecuario en Chile, en las décadas posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta 1973. Metodología: Desde una perspectiva centrada en la formación y operación de las empresas y empleando documentación de la Junta de Aeronáutica Civil (JAC), prensa y boletines técnicos,…
La mecanización de la agricultura en una sociedad rural oligárquica
This article examines the development of mechanization in the hacienda system of Central Chile, an oligarchic rural society in a peripheral country, by discussing the role and interests of the main social and institutional actors involved in the introduction and diffusion of agricultural machinery. Mechanization was implemented from power by dominant actors in the Chilean economy, above all the large landowners, and the foreign commercial firms t…
Fostering Agriculture under the Industrializing State
This paper analyzes the role of the Caja de Crédito Agrario (CCA) in the development of the agricultural credit market in post-depression Chile. Employing its official annual reports, reports from the Superintendency of Banks, and Chile’s Statistical Yearbooks, we constructed the first series of CCA’s credit operations, and established trends in the number, the average amount, and the social, geographic, and specific economic activity distributio…
The agrarian historiography of Chile
This article examines the development of Chilean agrarian historiography in the last four decades, by means of an introductory overview organized as a chronological reconstruction. It selectively focuses on relevant authors and works, the problems and questions they addressed, their main arguments and contributions, as well as their flaws and limitations. In doing so, the article constructs debates that never took place, because development of th…
Frontier Capitalism
This article argues that the agrarian expansion that took place in Chile's southern frontier region after the military occupation of the Mapuche territory (1862-1883) was the first phase of the development of agrarian capitalism in the region. This process was shaped by ecological conditions. In a territory covered by forests, sharecropping with tenant labourers was crucial for land clearance in the formation of the hacienda system, when landowne…
Chiloé, una sociedad rural igualitaria. Distribución del ingreso agrícola y de la tierra después de la independencia
Este artculo analiza la distribucin del ingreso agrcola y de la tierra en Chilo entre c.1830 y los aos 1850, comparando ambas variables con el resto de las provincias chilenas, en un periodo insuficientemente tratado en la literatura especializada. Para ello hemos empleado informacin procedente de fuentes escasamente utilizadas en la historiografa agraria, especialmente el Catastro Agrcola. A partir del mismo, hemos construido y procesado una bas…
Mechanisation in the Periphery
This article examines mechanisation during the period of export-led growth in Chilean agriculture, c. 1850–90. According to conventional wisdom, since labour was cheap, landowners did not modernise their haciendas . The introduction of machinery was late and superficial; the large estate remained backward and inefficient. This view is flawed by lack of quantitative evidence and a narrow approach. Using imports and stocks data, and case material f…
Revolution from below in Panguipulli
This article examines the political conflict in rural society during the Popular Unity Government (1970-73) by focusing on the mobilization of forestry workers in Panguipulli, a district in southern Chile. Adopting land invasions as their main strategy in the struggle for land and power, Panguipulli workers experienced a radical politicization by aligning themselves with the Peasant Revolutionary Movement, the "peasant front" of the Revolutionary…
La matanza del Seguro Obrero (5 de septiembre de 1938)
This brief yet informative book analyzes the critical conjuncture that led to the historic triumph of the Frente Popular in Chile in 1938. Marcus Klein focuses on the coup orchestrated by Jorge González von Marées, the jefe of the Movimiento Nacional Socialista (MNS), and then examines the impact of the subsequent massacre of the young nacistas, a small group of Chilean nazis that failed to provoke a military uprising to overthrow Arturo Alessand…
La producción agropecuaria chilena en la "Era del Salitre" (1880-1930)
Usando una variedad de nuevas series de información estadística para los cultivos más importantes, este artículo analiza el desempeño del sector agropecuario durante la Era del Salitre (1880-1930), un periodo de rápida expansión y modernización económica en Chile. El trabajo muestra que en esos años, y especialmente después del cambio del siglo XIX, la producción y el valor real del producto agropecuario aumentaron en la mayoría de los cultivos m…
Agrarian Capitalism and Rural Labour
Using a variety of new sources directly pertaining to different types of rural estate, and contrary to interpretations of rural Chile as a traditional society unaffected by economic modernisation, this article analyses the transition of the hacienda system in central Chile towards agrarian capitalism during the period of export-led growth from the 1860s to 1930. It argues that the expansion of the 'landowner enterprise', along with developments i…
Agrarian Capitalism and Rural Labour
Using a variety of new sources directly pertaining to different types of rural estate, and contrary to interpretations of rural Chile as a traditional society unaffected by economic modernisation, this article analyses the transition of the hacienda system in central Chile towards agrarian capitalism during the period of export-led growth from the 1860s to 1930. It argues that the expansion of the 'landowner enterprise', along with developments i…
Mechanisation in the Periphery
This article examines mechanisation during the period of export-led growth in Chilean agriculture, c. 1850–90. According to conventional wisdom, since labour was cheap, landowners did not modernise their haciendas . The introduction of machinery was late and superficial; the large estate remained backward and inefficient. This view is flawed by lack of quantitative evidence and a narrow approach. Using imports and stocks data, and case material f…
Frontier Capitalism
This article argues that the agrarian expansion that took place in Chile's southern frontier region after the military occupation of the Mapuche territory (1862-1883) was the first phase of the development of agrarian capitalism in the region. This process was shaped by ecological conditions. In a territory covered by forests, sharecropping with tenant labourers was crucial for land clearance in the formation of the hacienda system, when landowne…
The agrarian historiography of Chile
This article examines the development of Chilean agrarian historiography in the last four decades, by means of an introductory overview organized as a chronological reconstruction. It selectively focuses on relevant authors and works, the problems and questions they addressed, their main arguments and contributions, as well as their flaws and limitations. In doing so, the article constructs debates that never took place, because development of th…
La mecanización de la agricultura en una sociedad rural oligárquica
This article examines the development of mechanization in the hacienda system of Central Chile, an oligarchic rural society in a peripheral country, by discussing the role and interests of the main social and institutional actors involved in the introduction and diffusion of agricultural machinery. Mechanization was implemented from power by dominant actors in the Chilean economy, above all the large landowners, and the foreign commercial firms t…
Revolution from below in Panguipulli
This article examines the political conflict in rural society during the Popular Unity Government (1970-73) by focusing on the mobilization of forestry workers in Panguipulli, a district in southern Chile. Adopting land invasions as their main strategy in the struggle for land and power, Panguipulli workers experienced a radical politicization by aligning themselves with the Peasant Revolutionary Movement, the "peasant front" of the Revolutionary…
La producción agropecuaria chilena en la "Era del Salitre" (1880-1930)
Usando una variedad de nuevas series de información estadística para los cultivos más importantes, este artículo analiza el desempeño del sector agropecuario durante la Era del Salitre (1880-1930), un periodo de rápida expansión y modernización económica en Chile. El trabajo muestra que en esos años, y especialmente después del cambio del siglo XIX, la producción y el valor real del producto agropecuario aumentaron en la mayoría de los cultivos m…
La producción agropecuaria chilena en la "Era del Salitre" (1880-1930)
Usando una variedad de nuevas series de información estadística para los cultivos más importantes, este artículo analiza el desempeño del sector agropecuario durante la Era del Salitre (1880-1930), un periodo de rápida expansión y modernización económica en Chile. El trabajo muestra que en esos años, y especialmente después del cambio del siglo XIX, la producción y el valor real del producto agropecuario aumentaron en la mayoría de los cultivos m…
Agrarian Capitalism and Rural Labour
Using a variety of new sources directly pertaining to different types of rural estate, and contrary to interpretations of rural Chile as a traditional society unaffected by economic modernisation, this article analyses the transition of the hacienda system in central Chile towards agrarian capitalism during the period of export-led growth from the 1860s to 1930. It argues that the expansion of the 'landowner enterprise', along with developments i…
La matanza del Seguro Obrero (5 de septiembre de 1938)
This brief yet informative book analyzes the critical conjuncture that led to the historic triumph of the Frente Popular in Chile in 1938. Marcus Klein focuses on the coup orchestrated by Jorge González von Marées, the jefe of the Movimiento Nacional Socialista (MNS), and then examines the impact of the subsequent massacre of the young nacistas, a small group of Chilean nazis that failed to provoke a military uprising to overthrow Arturo Alessand…
Chiloé, una sociedad rural igualitaria. Distribución del ingreso agrícola y de la tierra después de la independencia
Este artculo analiza la distribucin del ingreso agrcola y de la tierra en Chilo entre c.1830 y los aos 1850, comparando ambas variables con el resto de las provincias chilenas, en un periodo insuficientemente tratado en la literatura especializada. Para ello hemos empleado informacin procedente de fuentes escasamente utilizadas en la historiografa agraria, especialmente el Catastro Agrcola. A partir del mismo, hemos construido y procesado una bas…
Mechanisation in the Periphery
This article examines mechanisation during the period of export-led growth in Chilean agriculture, c. 1850–90. According to conventional wisdom, since labour was cheap, landowners did not modernise their haciendas . The introduction of machinery was late and superficial; the large estate remained backward and inefficient. This view is flawed by lack of quantitative evidence and a narrow approach. Using imports and stocks data, and case material f…
Revolution from below in Panguipulli
This article examines the political conflict in rural society during the Popular Unity Government (1970-73) by focusing on the mobilization of forestry workers in Panguipulli, a district in southern Chile. Adopting land invasions as their main strategy in the struggle for land and power, Panguipulli workers experienced a radical politicization by aligning themselves with the Peasant Revolutionary Movement, the "peasant front" of the Revolutionary…
The agrarian historiography of Chile
This article examines the development of Chilean agrarian historiography in the last four decades, by means of an introductory overview organized as a chronological reconstruction. It selectively focuses on relevant authors and works, the problems and questions they addressed, their main arguments and contributions, as well as their flaws and limitations. In doing so, the article constructs debates that never took place, because development of th…
Frontier Capitalism
This article argues that the agrarian expansion that took place in Chile's southern frontier region after the military occupation of the Mapuche territory (1862-1883) was the first phase of the development of agrarian capitalism in the region. This process was shaped by ecological conditions. In a territory covered by forests, sharecropping with tenant labourers was crucial for land clearance in the formation of the hacienda system, when landowne…
Fostering Agriculture under the Industrializing State
This paper analyzes the role of the Caja de Crédito Agrario (CCA) in the development of the agricultural credit market in post-depression Chile. Employing its official annual reports, reports from the Superintendency of Banks, and Chile’s Statistical Yearbooks, we constructed the first series of CCA’s credit operations, and established trends in the number, the average amount, and the social, geographic, and specific economic activity distributio…
Agricultural Workers’ Standard of Living During Central Chile's Agrarian Expansion, 1870-1930
The purpose of this paper is to determine trends in the wages and living standards of male agricultural labourers in Central Chile during the agrarian expansion, c . 1870-1930. We found that nominal wages increased eightfold; this is relevant because wage labour became the main rural labour regime in this period. Nominal wages rose steadily from the early 1870s until 1910, and with significant fluctuations thereafter, before plummeting with the G…
Las empresas de aviación comercial y el sector agropecuario en Chile, 1948-1973
Objetivo/Contexto: Este artículo examina el papel del emergente sector de empresas privadas de aviación proveedoras de servicios de fumigación y transporte de carga en el sector agropecuario en Chile, en las décadas posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta 1973. Metodología: Desde una perspectiva centrada en la formación y operación de las empresas y empleando documentación de la Junta de Aeronáutica Civil (JAC), prensa y boletines técnicos,…
La mecanización de la agricultura en una sociedad rural oligárquica
This article examines the development of mechanization in the hacienda system of Central Chile, an oligarchic rural society in a peripheral country, by discussing the role and interests of the main social and institutional actors involved in the introduction and diffusion of agricultural machinery. Mechanization was implemented from power by dominant actors in the Chilean economy, above all the large landowners, and the foreign commercial firms t…
Political and Social Dynamics in Chile and Latin America (9 obras) · Agriculture (7 obras) · Geography (7 obras) · Economics (6 obras) · Political science (6 obras) · Agrarian society (4 obras) · Art (4 obras) · Economy (4 obras) · Humanities (4 obras) · Market economy (4 obras)