I Barrai
Biographic Data
| ID | 83349 |
|---|---|
| NAME | I Barrai |
| GIVEN NAMES | I |
| FAMILY NAME | Barrai |
| SIGNATURE | BARRAI I |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Ferrara |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 49 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The structure and migration patterns of the population of Uruguay through isonymy
Surname distribution can be a useful tool for studying the genetic structure of a human population. In South America, the Uruguay population has traditionally been considered to be of European ancestry, despite its trihybrid origin, as proved through genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the Uruguayan population, resulting from population movements and surname drift in the country. The distribution of the surnames of…
Surnames in Chile: A study of the population of Chile through isonymy
In Chile, the Hispanic dual surname system is used. To describe the isonymic structure of this country, the distribution of 16,277,255 surnames of 8,178,209 persons was studied in the 15 regions, the 54 provinces, and the 346 communes of the nation. The number of different surnames found was 72,667. Effective surname number (Fisher's α) for the entire country was 309.0, the average for regions was 240.8 ± 17.6, for provinces 209.2 ± 8.9, and for …
Surnames in Siberia: A study of the population of Yakutia through isonymy
We studied the isonymic structure of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the Russian Federation, using the surname distributions of 491,259 citizens above 18 years registered as residents in 2002. These were distributed in 35 districts and 497 towns and settlements of the Republic. The number of different surnames was 44,625. Matrices of isonymic distances between the 35 districts were tested for correlation with the geographic distance between t…
Isonymic structure of the Argentine Northwest
Surname distribution may be used as a substitute for quantitative information on the genetic structure of human populations due to panmictic deviations. This study analysed the isonymic structure of the Argentine Northwest (ANW) populations. Surname distribution of 2,576,548 voters (year 2001) in the 117 departments of the region was analysed. Fisher's alpha and coefficient of random relationship by isonymy were estimated. A dendrogram of the 117…
Surnames in Texas: A Population Study Through Isonymy
To study the isonymy structure of Texas, we analyzed the surname distributions of 3.6 million telephone users registered for the year 1996 in 232 towns distributed in the 7 regions of the state. The number of different surnames was 235,740. Matrices of isonymy distances between towns and between geographic regions were constructed and tested for correlation with geographic distance. We found that isonymy distances between the seven regions showed…
Surnames in Argentina: A population study through isonymy
In order to study the isonymic structure of Argentina, the surname distributions of 22.6 million electors registered for the year 2001 were analyzed in the 24 districts (distritos) and 541 municipalities (municipios) of the country. The number of different surnames found was 414,441. Matrices of isonymic distances between districts were constructed and tested for correlation with the geographic distance between the capital towns of the districts.…
The names of Spain: A study of the isonymy structure of Spain
In order to estimate the isonymy structure of Spain, we studied surname distribution in 283 Spanish towns based on 3.625 million telephone users selected from 6.328 million users, downloaded from a commercial CD‐ROM which contains all 13 million users in the country. Since in Spain the surname is made by the paternal and the maternal surname, it was possible to classify surnames according to parental origin. Two matrices of isonymy distances, one…
Isonymy and Isolation by Distance in the Netherlands
The isonymy structure of the Netherlands was studied using the surname distribution of 2.4 million private telephone users selected from a 1996 commercial CD-ROM containing the names of 6.3 million users in the country. The users were distributed in 226 towns selected on a geographic basis to form an approximately regular grid throughout the Netherlands. Names of telephone users in each town were downloaded from the CD-ROM, with private users bei…
Isonymy and the genetic structure of Switzerland. II. Isolation by distance
Isolation by distance in Switzerland was detected comparing the surname distributions between Cantons. The decay of isonymy with geographic distance between Cantons was consistent with Malecot's exponential decay of kinship. Lasker's distance was defined as the negative value of the logarithm of isonymy between localities, and it was found that it is linearly and significantly correlated with the log of geographic distance, both within and betwee…
Correlations between Isonymy Parameters
Several parameters of genetic and anthropological interest are commonly estimated in the analysis of the surnames' distribution in human populations. Among these parameters, the most important for population structure is unbiased Isonymy, equivalent to 4 times the value of Fst, the random component of inbreeding in a group. Fisher's α estimates the wealth of surnames in a group, and Karlin-McGregorv is considered proportional to migration rates. …
Isonymy and the genetic structure of Switzerland I. The distributions of surnames
The surname distribution of the population of Switzerland was studied using a sample of 1,702,000 private users registered for the year 1994 in the Helvetic Telephone Directory. These users were distributed in four linguistic areas, in 26 Cantons and 271 Communes of the Confederation. Estimates of unbiased random isonymy, of Fisher's alpha, an indicator of abundance of surnames converging to the allele effective number in standard genetic polymor…
Isonymy and the genetic structure of Sicily
The genetic structure of Sicily was analysed through the distribution of surnames of 758,793 users registered in the Italian Telephone Company, corresponding to 371 communes of the island. Estimates of the coefficient of consanguinity due to random isonymy, of Fisher's a , an indicator of abundance of surnames, and of Karlin–McGregor's v , an indicator of immigration rates, were obtained for each commune. Four different estimates of genetic dista…
Microevolution in Perugia: Isonymy 1890–1990
The distribution of surnames in the population of the Comune of Perugia, as it existed in the memory banks of the Municipality Computer in autumn 1991, was studied by age and place of birth. Fisher's α and Karlin-McGregor's v were estimated in the total population, in persons born before 1901, and in persons born in the nine decades thereafter, ending with the period 1981–1991, for immigrants and for natives of Perugia, respectively. The wealth o…
Isonymy structure of four Venezuelan States
The isonymy structure of four Venezuelan States-Falcón, Mérida, Nueva Esparta and Yaracuy-was studied using the surnames of the Venezuelan register of electors updated in 1984. The surname distributions of 155 counties were obtained and, for each county, estimates of consanguinity due to random isonymy and Fisher's alpha were calculated. It was shown that for large sample sizes the inverse of Fisher's alpha is identical to the unbiased estimate o…
The origin of HbS in Sicily: A toponymic study
Microevolution in Ferrara: Isonymy 1890–1990
The distribution of surnames in the population of the Comune of Perugia, as it existed in the memory banks of the Municipality Computer in autumn 1991, was studied by age and place of birth. Fisher's alpha and Karlin-McGregor's v were estimated in the total population, in persons born before 1901, and in persons born in the nine decades thereafter, ending with the period 1981-1991, for immigrants and for natives of Perugia, respectively. The weal…
The probability of matching genetic markers in different samples
Hypervariable DNA polymorphisms in humans have been introduced in forensic science for the exclusion of innocent persons, and possibily for the identification of guilty ones, through mismatches and matches of DNA patterns in incriminating samples. Under the assumption of random mating and linkage equilibrium, it is observed that the probability of mismatch, then of exclusion of innocent persons, is very high. The probability of a match on the con…
Isonymy in records of births and deaths in Ferrara
Surname distributions were studied in records of male and female births in Ferrara in the period 1982–89, and in records of male and female deaths in the same period. Average year of birth and standard deviation was 1985±2·3 for the birth series, and 1912±14·4 for the death series. Then the surname distributions, in two independent samples at an average distance of 73 years, were compared. It was observed that random isonymy within series, which …
Linkage of biopsy, cancer, and population records aimed at the estimation of family risks in neoplasia: A pilot study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to link individual demographic and medical records into sibships to obtain the sibling distribution of biopsies and cancers, and thereby calculate heritability and recurrence risks in families, thus aiding early diagnosis and prevention of cancers. DESIGN--The 157,823 individual records of the inhabitants of the town of Ferrara in Italy were automatically linked into 106,821 sibships. A 10% sample (10,842 sibships) wa…
Isonymy in emigrants from Ferrara in 1981–1988
The distribution of surnames in the emigrants from the population of the town of Ferrara in the period 1981-88 was studied by sex and place of birth, namely Ferrara versus other places. Emigrants born in Ferrara were defined as first time emigrants and those who had previously immigrated to Ferrara were defined second time emigrants. It was found that random isonymy is smaller in second time emigrants. Sex ratio is not different in the two types …
Comparisons of Laker's coefficient of relationship in a Venezuelan town in two different periods
A formula for the standard error of Lasker's coefficient of relationship Ri derived from isonymy is proposed, and used to test for differences in relationship in two groups of pairs of spouses from the town of Quibor in Venezuela sampled one century apart. From analysis of the relationship, it was possible to attribute population growth also to immigration. Further, the study of the values of Ri showed that the surnames belonging to the male line…
Family resemblance in blood pressure measurements
The correlation for diastolic and systolic blood pressure was studied in two samples of quartets each consisting of two pairs. The first sample comprised pairs of sisters and their husbands, and the second sample was comprised of brothers and their wives. All siblings were between 30 and 55 years of age and had been married for at least 5 years. It was found that unrelated men married to sisters had a significant correlation in both diastolic (r …
Surnames in ferrara: Distribution, isonymy and levels of inbreeding
The distributions of surnames in populations of small and large towns are almost exactly linearized by a log-log transformation. This indicates probable fit of genetic models to most such distributions, even when the number of surnames is very large. Genetic parameters can then be conveniently calculated from surname distributions. It was found that inbreeding indicators calculated from isonymy are negatively correlated with the size of the towns…
The indication of genetic and environmental components in behaviour
Heterozygosity and geographic distances in a limited area
Isonymy and Isolation by Distance in the Netherlands
The isonymy structure of the Netherlands was studied using the surname distribution of 2.4 million private telephone users selected from a 1996 commercial CD-ROM containing the names of 6.3 million users in the country. The users were distributed in 226 towns selected on a geographic basis to form an approximately regular grid throughout the Netherlands. Names of telephone users in each town were downloaded from the CD-ROM, with private users bei…
The names of Spain: A study of the isonymy structure of Spain
In order to estimate the isonymy structure of Spain, we studied surname distribution in 283 Spanish towns based on 3.625 million telephone users selected from 6.328 million users, downloaded from a commercial CD‐ROM which contains all 13 million users in the country. Since in Spain the surname is made by the paternal and the maternal surname, it was possible to classify surnames according to parental origin. Two matrices of isonymy distances, one…
Surnames in Argentina: A population study through isonymy
In order to study the isonymic structure of Argentina, the surname distributions of 22.6 million electors registered for the year 2001 were analyzed in the 24 districts (distritos) and 541 municipalities (municipios) of the country. The number of different surnames found was 414,441. Matrices of isonymic distances between districts were constructed and tested for correlation with the geographic distance between the capital towns of the districts.…
Bioassay of Kinship in Populations of Middle Eastern Origin and Controls [and Comments and Replies]
Gene frequencies for 32 populations show 3 Jewish and 4 gentile clusters. From phenotype frequencies the estimate of inbreeding F is .0110 for populations in the Middle East and .0002 for other populations. Differentiation of populations in the region is small (F =.026) compared with that of the species as a whole (F =.146). Kinship between populations is appreciable within clusters but much less within the total Jewish and gentile groups (.004 a…
Surnames in Texas: A Population Study Through Isonymy
To study the isonymy structure of Texas, we analyzed the surname distributions of 3.6 million telephone users registered for the year 1996 in 232 towns distributed in the 7 regions of the state. The number of different surnames was 235,740. Matrices of isonymy distances between towns and between geographic regions were constructed and tested for correlation with geographic distance. We found that isonymy distances between the seven regions showed…
Surnames in Chile: A study of the population of Chile through isonymy
In Chile, the Hispanic dual surname system is used. To describe the isonymic structure of this country, the distribution of 16,277,255 surnames of 8,178,209 persons was studied in the 15 regions, the 54 provinces, and the 346 communes of the nation. The number of different surnames found was 72,667. Effective surname number (Fisher's α) for the entire country was 309.0, the average for regions was 240.8 ± 17.6, for provinces 209.2 ± 8.9, and for …
Surnames in Siberia: A study of the population of Yakutia through isonymy
We studied the isonymic structure of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the Russian Federation, using the surname distributions of 491,259 citizens above 18 years registered as residents in 2002. These were distributed in 35 districts and 497 towns and settlements of the Republic. The number of different surnames was 44,625. Matrices of isonymic distances between the 35 districts were tested for correlation with the geographic distance between t…
Correlations between Isonymy Parameters
Several parameters of genetic and anthropological interest are commonly estimated in the analysis of the surnames' distribution in human populations. Among these parameters, the most important for population structure is unbiased Isonymy, equivalent to 4 times the value of Fst, the random component of inbreeding in a group. Fisher's α estimates the wealth of surnames in a group, and Karlin-McGregorv is considered proportional to migration rates. …
The indication of genetic and environmental components in behaviour
Red cell isoenzymes in the population of the po Delta
Red cell isoenzymes in the population of the po Delta
Bioassay of Kinship in Populations of Middle Eastern Origin and Controls [and Comments and Replies]
Gene frequencies for 32 populations show 3 Jewish and 4 gentile clusters. From phenotype frequencies the estimate of inbreeding F is .0110 for populations in the Middle East and .0002 for other populations. Differentiation of populations in the region is small (F =.026) compared with that of the species as a whole (F =.146). Kinship between populations is appreciable within clusters but much less within the total Jewish and gentile groups (.004 a…
Heterozygosity and geographic distances in a limited area
Surnames in ferrara: Distribution, isonymy and levels of inbreeding
The distributions of surnames in populations of small and large towns are almost exactly linearized by a log-log transformation. This indicates probable fit of genetic models to most such distributions, even when the number of surnames is very large. Genetic parameters can then be conveniently calculated from surname distributions. It was found that inbreeding indicators calculated from isonymy are negatively correlated with the size of the towns…
The indication of genetic and environmental components in behaviour
Family resemblance in blood pressure measurements
The correlation for diastolic and systolic blood pressure was studied in two samples of quartets each consisting of two pairs. The first sample comprised pairs of sisters and their husbands, and the second sample was comprised of brothers and their wives. All siblings were between 30 and 55 years of age and had been married for at least 5 years. It was found that unrelated men married to sisters had a significant correlation in both diastolic (r …
Isonymy in emigrants from Ferrara in 1981–1988
The distribution of surnames in the emigrants from the population of the town of Ferrara in the period 1981-88 was studied by sex and place of birth, namely Ferrara versus other places. Emigrants born in Ferrara were defined as first time emigrants and those who had previously immigrated to Ferrara were defined second time emigrants. It was found that random isonymy is smaller in second time emigrants. Sex ratio is not different in the two types …
Comparisons of Laker's coefficient of relationship in a Venezuelan town in two different periods
A formula for the standard error of Lasker's coefficient of relationship Ri derived from isonymy is proposed, and used to test for differences in relationship in two groups of pairs of spouses from the town of Quibor in Venezuela sampled one century apart. From analysis of the relationship, it was possible to attribute population growth also to immigration. Further, the study of the values of Ri showed that the surnames belonging to the male line…
Isonymy in records of births and deaths in Ferrara
Surname distributions were studied in records of male and female births in Ferrara in the period 1982–89, and in records of male and female deaths in the same period. Average year of birth and standard deviation was 1985±2·3 for the birth series, and 1912±14·4 for the death series. Then the surname distributions, in two independent samples at an average distance of 73 years, were compared. It was observed that random isonymy within series, which …
Linkage of biopsy, cancer, and population records aimed at the estimation of family risks in neoplasia: A pilot study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to link individual demographic and medical records into sibships to obtain the sibling distribution of biopsies and cancers, and thereby calculate heritability and recurrence risks in families, thus aiding early diagnosis and prevention of cancers. DESIGN--The 157,823 individual records of the inhabitants of the town of Ferrara in Italy were automatically linked into 106,821 sibships. A 10% sample (10,842 sibships) wa…
Microevolution in Ferrara: Isonymy 1890–1990
The distribution of surnames in the population of the Comune of Perugia, as it existed in the memory banks of the Municipality Computer in autumn 1991, was studied by age and place of birth. Fisher's alpha and Karlin-McGregor's v were estimated in the total population, in persons born before 1901, and in persons born in the nine decades thereafter, ending with the period 1981-1991, for immigrants and for natives of Perugia, respectively. The weal…
The probability of matching genetic markers in different samples
Hypervariable DNA polymorphisms in humans have been introduced in forensic science for the exclusion of innocent persons, and possibily for the identification of guilty ones, through mismatches and matches of DNA patterns in incriminating samples. Under the assumption of random mating and linkage equilibrium, it is observed that the probability of mismatch, then of exclusion of innocent persons, is very high. The probability of a match on the con…
Microevolution in Perugia: Isonymy 1890–1990
The distribution of surnames in the population of the Comune of Perugia, as it existed in the memory banks of the Municipality Computer in autumn 1991, was studied by age and place of birth. Fisher's α and Karlin-McGregor's v were estimated in the total population, in persons born before 1901, and in persons born in the nine decades thereafter, ending with the period 1981–1991, for immigrants and for natives of Perugia, respectively. The wealth o…
Isonymy structure of four Venezuelan States
The isonymy structure of four Venezuelan States-Falcón, Mérida, Nueva Esparta and Yaracuy-was studied using the surnames of the Venezuelan register of electors updated in 1984. The surname distributions of 155 counties were obtained and, for each county, estimates of consanguinity due to random isonymy and Fisher's alpha were calculated. It was shown that for large sample sizes the inverse of Fisher's alpha is identical to the unbiased estimate o…
The origin of HbS in Sicily: A toponymic study
Isonymy and the genetic structure of Sicily
The genetic structure of Sicily was analysed through the distribution of surnames of 758,793 users registered in the Italian Telephone Company, corresponding to 371 communes of the island. Estimates of the coefficient of consanguinity due to random isonymy, of Fisher's a , an indicator of abundance of surnames, and of Karlin–McGregor's v , an indicator of immigration rates, were obtained for each commune. Four different estimates of genetic dista…
Isonymy and the genetic structure of Switzerland I. The distributions of surnames
The surname distribution of the population of Switzerland was studied using a sample of 1,702,000 private users registered for the year 1994 in the Helvetic Telephone Directory. These users were distributed in four linguistic areas, in 26 Cantons and 271 Communes of the Confederation. Estimates of unbiased random isonymy, of Fisher's alpha, an indicator of abundance of surnames converging to the allele effective number in standard genetic polymor…
Correlations between Isonymy Parameters
Several parameters of genetic and anthropological interest are commonly estimated in the analysis of the surnames' distribution in human populations. Among these parameters, the most important for population structure is unbiased Isonymy, equivalent to 4 times the value of Fst, the random component of inbreeding in a group. Fisher's α estimates the wealth of surnames in a group, and Karlin-McGregorv is considered proportional to migration rates. …
Isonymy and the genetic structure of Switzerland. II. Isolation by distance
Isolation by distance in Switzerland was detected comparing the surname distributions between Cantons. The decay of isonymy with geographic distance between Cantons was consistent with Malecot's exponential decay of kinship. Lasker's distance was defined as the negative value of the logarithm of isonymy between localities, and it was found that it is linearly and significantly correlated with the log of geographic distance, both within and betwee…
Isonymy and Isolation by Distance in the Netherlands
The isonymy structure of the Netherlands was studied using the surname distribution of 2.4 million private telephone users selected from a 1996 commercial CD-ROM containing the names of 6.3 million users in the country. The users were distributed in 226 towns selected on a geographic basis to form an approximately regular grid throughout the Netherlands. Names of telephone users in each town were downloaded from the CD-ROM, with private users bei…
The names of Spain: A study of the isonymy structure of Spain
In order to estimate the isonymy structure of Spain, we studied surname distribution in 283 Spanish towns based on 3.625 million telephone users selected from 6.328 million users, downloaded from a commercial CD‐ROM which contains all 13 million users in the country. Since in Spain the surname is made by the paternal and the maternal surname, it was possible to classify surnames according to parental origin. Two matrices of isonymy distances, one…
Surnames in Argentina: A population study through isonymy
In order to study the isonymic structure of Argentina, the surname distributions of 22.6 million electors registered for the year 2001 were analyzed in the 24 districts (distritos) and 541 municipalities (municipios) of the country. The number of different surnames found was 414,441. Matrices of isonymic distances between districts were constructed and tested for correlation with the geographic distance between the capital towns of the districts.…
Isonymic structure of the Argentine Northwest
Surname distribution may be used as a substitute for quantitative information on the genetic structure of human populations due to panmictic deviations. This study analysed the isonymic structure of the Argentine Northwest (ANW) populations. Surname distribution of 2,576,548 voters (year 2001) in the 117 departments of the region was analysed. Fisher's alpha and coefficient of random relationship by isonymy were estimated. A dendrogram of the 117…
Surnames in Texas: A Population Study Through Isonymy
To study the isonymy structure of Texas, we analyzed the surname distributions of 3.6 million telephone users registered for the year 1996 in 232 towns distributed in the 7 regions of the state. The number of different surnames was 235,740. Matrices of isonymy distances between towns and between geographic regions were constructed and tested for correlation with geographic distance. We found that isonymy distances between the seven regions showed…
Surnames in Siberia: A study of the population of Yakutia through isonymy
We studied the isonymic structure of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the Russian Federation, using the surname distributions of 491,259 citizens above 18 years registered as residents in 2002. These were distributed in 35 districts and 497 towns and settlements of the Republic. The number of different surnames was 44,625. Matrices of isonymic distances between the 35 districts were tested for correlation with the geographic distance between t…
Population (25 works) · Demography (23 works) · Geography (21 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Demography (17 works) · Biology (14 works) · Mathematics (14 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (11 works) · Genetic diversity and population structure (10 works) · Geographical distance (9 works)