Patrícia Izar
Biographic Data
| ID | 83523 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patrícia Izar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patrícia |
| FAMILY NAME | Izar |
| SIGNATURE | IZAR P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidade de São Paulo |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6741-0731 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 106 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Get over here: Black capuchin monkeys use long-range vocalizations to adjust the distance between individuals
Bimanual Coordination and Right‐Hand Bias in Extractive Foraging by Wild Sapajus libidinosus
Bimanual coordination is considered a crucial factor in the evolution of manual lateralization. Experimental tasks requiring the simultaneous and coordinated use of both hands induce hand preferences at the population level across various nonhuman primate species studied in captive environments. However, to date, research investigating laterality in bimanual coordination within natural settings remains scarce, especially with respect to platyrrhi…
Can I Have a Bite? The Influence of Infant Begging on Food Sharing in Capuchin Monkeys ( Sapajus Libidinosus )
In primates, food sharing from mothers to infants may serve two main functions: supporting offspring nutritional needs (nutritional hypothesis) and facilitating the acquisition of dietary knowledge, such as what and how to eat (informational hypothesis). We investigated these hypotheses in a wild population of bearded capuchin monkeys Sapajus libidinosus , at Fazenda Boa Vista, Brazil. We analyzed 194 h of footage of 10 infants filmed over their …
Early sex differences in sociosexual behavior of wild robust capuchin monkeys: Ontogenetic and evolutionary insights
Carrying the dead: Behavior of a primiparous capuchin monkey mother and other individuals towards a dead infant
Household Waste: A Hidden Threat to Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in the Caatinga, Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil
News and Perspectives: Words matter in primatology
Postings on social media on Twitter (now X), BioAnthropology News (Facebook), and other venues, as well as recent publications in prominent journals, show that primatologists, ecologists, and other researchers are questioning the terms “Old World” and “New World” due to their colonial implications and history. The terms are offensive if they result in erasing Indigenous voices and history, ignoring the fact that Indigenous peoples were in the Ame…
Towards an Integrated Concept of Personality in Human and Nonhuman Animals
Every individual has an idiosyncratic way of feeling, thinking and behaving, which is relatively stable across time and situations. Usually known as Personality, today this phenomenon is recognized in many species, including arthropods, fish, avian or mammals. From an evolutionary perspective, research has shown that personality differences are manifest in distinctive forms of dealing with selective pressures, with consequences for fitness. Despi…
Ontogenesis of sociability of wild immature capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus ): Sex more than personality explains interindividual variation
Sociability is a fundamental trait that social animals need to survive and reproduce in societies. Sociability predicts how an individual can consistently interact with its conspecifics across time and situations. By studying capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus ), a neotropical primate with complex social behavior and high cognitive capacity, our research aims to analyze the development of the social axis of personality of immature individuals…
Homosexual Courtship in Young Wild Capuchin Monkeys: A Case Study
The shape of lipsmacking: Socio-emotional regulation in bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Capuchin monkeys have rich social relationships and from very young ages they participate in complex interactions with members of their group. Lipsmacking behaviour, which involves at least two individuals in socially mediated interactions, may tell about processes that maintain, accentuate or attenuate emotional exchanges in monkeys. Lipsmacking is a facial expression associated with the establishment and maintenance of affiliative interactions,…
Cover illustration of Primates vol. 63 (2022)
Diet, activity patterns, and home range use in forest and cultivated areas for one wild group of endangered crested capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus robustus ) in Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo, Brazi…
Robust capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.) are distributed widely in the Neotropics and may be able to survive in modified landscapes because of their omnivorous, opportunistic diet. The poorly known and endangered crested capuchin monkey ( Sapajus robustus ) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states, Brazil. We collected data on diet and home range for a crested capuchin group with access to forest and culti…
Black capuchin monkeys dynamically adjust group spread throughout the day
The role of hunting on Sapajus xanthosternos' landscape of fear in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Habitats with spatial variation in food availability, predation risk, and hunting pressure allow us to study how animals resolve the trade‐off between food searching and predator avoidance. We investigated the influence of food availability, predation risk, and the perceived predation risk on habitat use by a primate living under high hunting pressure, the yellow‐breasted capuchin monkeys, Sapajus xanthosternos , at Una Biological Reserve (ReBio …
Optional tool use: The case of wild bearded capuchins ( Sapajus libidinosus ) cracking cashew nuts by biting or by using percussors
Tool use in humans can be optional, that is, the same person can use different tools or no tool to achieve a given goal. Strategies to reach the same goal may differ across individuals and cultures and at the intra‐individual level. This is the first experimental study at the intra‐individual level on the optional use of a tool in wild nonhuman primates. We investigated optional tool use by wild bearded capuchins ( Sapajus libidinosus ) of Fazend…
Revisiting the fourth dimension of tool use: How Objects Become Tools for Capuchin Monkeys
A longitudinal assessment of behavioral development in wild capuchins: Personality is not established in the first 3 years
Animal personality is defined as consistent individual differences across time and situations, but little is known about how or when those differences are established during development. Likewise, several studies described the personality structure of adult capuchin monkeys, without assessing the ontogeny of these personality traits. We analyzed the behavioral repertoire of 12 wild infants (9 males, 3 females) yellow‐breasted capuchin monkeys (Sa…
Adult and juvenile bearded capuchin monkeys handle stone hammers differently during nut‐cracking
Wild bearded capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus ) habitually use stone hammers to crack open palm nuts and seeds on anvils. This activity requires strength, balance, and precise movement of a large stone with respect to the item placed on an anvil. We explored how well young monkeys cope with these challenges by examining their behavior and the behavior of adults while they cracked palm nuts using a stone. Using video records, we compared act…
Rare Bearded Capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) Tool-Use Culture is Threatened by Land use Changes in Northeastern Brazil
Positional behavior and substrate use in wild adult bearded capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus )
Natural selection for positional behavior (posture and locomotion) has at least partially driven the evolution of anatomical form and function in the order Primates. Examination of bipedal behaviors associated with daily activity patterns, foraging, and terrestrial habitat use in nonhuman primates, particularly those that adopt bipedal postures and use bipedal locomotion, allows us to refine hypotheses concerning the evolution of bipedalism in hu…
How bearded capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus ) prepare to use a stone to crack nuts
Bearded capuchin monkeys crack nuts with naturally varying stone hammers, suggesting they may tune their grips and muscular forces to each stone. If so, they might use discrete actions on a stone before lifting and striking, and they would likely use these actions more frequently when the stone is larger and/or less familiar and/or when first initiating striking. We examined the behavior of (a) four monkeys (all proficient at cracking nuts) with …
Manual skills for processing plant underground storage organs by wild bearded capuchins
OBJECTIVES: Wild Sapajus libidinosus exploit underground storage organs (USOs) that require extraction and extensive processing before consumption. Since capuchin monkeys are small-sized extractive foragers that cannot perform forceful precision grips, we expected that: (a) they would use other body parts together with their hands, (b) older (and larger) capuchins would be more efficient than younger (and smaller) ones, and (c) capuchins would in…
Food or threat? Wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) as both predators and prey of snakes
Foraging and inter‐individual distances of bearded capuchin monkeys
Extractive foraging is a skill young capuchin monkeys learn over time. A key unknown is whether unskilled individuals occupy spatial positions that increase their opportunities to learn. We observed the spatial positions of individuals in a group of capuchin monkeys in Northeastern Brazil. To improve our understanding of the relationship between learning by young capuchin monkeys and inter-individual distance, we investigated the associations bet…
Fallback foraging as a way of life: Using dietary toughness to compare the fallback signal among capuchins and implications for interpreting morphological variation
The genus Cebus is one of the best extant models for examining the role of fallback foods in primate evolution. Cebus includes the tufted capuchins, which exhibit skeletal features for the exploitation of hard and tough foods. Paradoxically, these seemingly “specialized” taxa belong to the most ubiquitous group of closely related primates in South America, thriving in a range of different habitats. This appears to be a consequence of their abilit…
Characteristics of hammer stones and anvils used by wild bearded capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ) to crack open palm nuts
Capuchins living in Boa Vista (Piauì, Brazil) crack open hard palm nuts on hard, level surfaces (anvils) using stones (hammers) as percussive tools. This activity leaves diagnostic physical remains: distinctive shallow depressions (pits) on the surface of the anvil, cracked shells, and stone hammers on the anvil. To initiate comparison of percussive stone tool use and interpretation of the artifacts it produces across capuchins, chimpanzees, and …
Coexistence Between Humans and Capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus): Comparing Observational Data with Farmers’ Perceptions of Crop Losses
Kinematics and energetics of nut‐cracking in wild capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ) in Piauí, Brazil
Wild bearded capuchins ( Cebus libidinosus , quadrupedal, medium‐sized monkeys) crack nuts using large stones. We examined the kinematics and energetics of the nut‐cracking action of two adult males and two adult females. From a bipedal stance, the monkeys raised a heavy hammer stone (1.46 and 1.32 kg, from 33 to 77% of their body weight) to an average height of 0.33 m, 60% of body length. Then, they rapidly lowered the stone by flexing the lower…
Homosexual Courtship in Young Wild Capuchin Monkeys: A Case Study
Age‐related variation in the mechanical properties of foods processed by S apajus libidinosus
OBJECTIVES: The diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrated differences between the feeding competencies of adult and juvenile tufted capuchins. Here we test the hypothesis that, compare…
Rare Bearded Capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) Tool-Use Culture is Threatened by Land use Changes in Northeastern Brazil
Manual skills for processing plant underground storage organs by wild bearded capuchins
OBJECTIVES: Wild Sapajus libidinosus exploit underground storage organs (USOs) that require extraction and extensive processing before consumption. Since capuchin monkeys are small-sized extractive foragers that cannot perform forceful precision grips, we expected that: (a) they would use other body parts together with their hands, (b) older (and larger) capuchins would be more efficient than younger (and smaller) ones, and (c) capuchins would in…
Anting in a Semifree-ranging Group of Cebus apella
Interaction Between Capuchins and Coatis: Nonagonistic Behaviors and Lack of Predation
Revisiting the fourth dimension of tool use: How Objects Become Tools for Capuchin Monkeys
Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior
Wild capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ) use anvils and stone pounding tools
We conducted an exploratory investigation in an area where nut‐cracking by wild capuchin monkeys is common knowledge among local residents. In addition to observing male and female capuchin monkeys using stones to pound open nuts on stone “anvils,” we surveyed the surrounding area and found physical evidence that monkeys cracked nuts on rock outcrops, boulders, and logs (collectively termed anvils). Anvils, which were identified by numerous shall…
Interaction Between Capuchins and Coatis: Nonagonistic Behaviors and Lack of Predation
Exchange, affiliation, and protective interventions in semifree-ranging brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
The "social intelligence" hypothesis proposes that intelligence evolved as a consequence of the need for behavioral maneuvering to deal with the complexities of social life. As a result, coalitions have received considerable attention. Here we present the patterns of coalitionary behavior observed in a semifree-ranging group of Cebus apella and explore the effects of kinship, spatial proximity, and rank. In contrast to descriptions of Old World m…
Describing the organization of dominance relationships by dominance‐directed tree method
Methods to describe dominance hierarchies are a key tool in primatology studies. Most current methods are appropriate for analyzing linear and near‐linear hierarchies; however, more complex structures are common in primate groups. We propose a method termed “dominance‐directed tree.” This method is based on graph theory and set theory to analyze dominance relationships in social groups. The method constructs a transitive matrix by imposing transi…
Cross‐genus adoption of a marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) by wild capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ): Case report
We report a case of interspecies adoption of an infant marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) by wild capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ). The marmoset was an infant when it was first observed in the capuchin group on 3 March 2004. Since it first appeared it has been observed informally and frequently. In January 2005 systematic observations were made of the marmoset and a capuchin of similar age. Throughout its period of adoption the marmoset appear…
Anting in a Semifree-ranging Group of Cebus apella
Characteristics of hammer stones and anvils used by wild bearded capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ) to crack open palm nuts
Capuchins living in Boa Vista (Piauì, Brazil) crack open hard palm nuts on hard, level surfaces (anvils) using stones (hammers) as percussive tools. This activity leaves diagnostic physical remains: distinctive shallow depressions (pits) on the surface of the anvil, cracked shells, and stone hammers on the anvil. To initiate comparison of percussive stone tool use and interpretation of the artifacts it produces across capuchins, chimpanzees, and …
Physical properties of palm fruits processed with tools by wild bearded capuchins ( Cebus libidinosus )
Habitually, capuchin monkeys access encased hard foods by using their canines and premolars and/or by pounding the food on hard surfaces. Instead, the wild bearded capuchins ( Cebus libidinosus ) of Boa Vista (Brazil) routinely crack palm fruits with tools. We measured size, weight, structure, and peak‐force‐at‐failure of the four palm fruit species most frequently processed with tools by wild capuchin monkeys living in Boa Vista. Moreover, for e…
Capuchin monkey tool use: Overview and implications
Nutcracking capuchins are mentioned in reports dating as far back as the sixteenth century,1, 2 as well as in Brazilian folklore.3 However, it was barely a decade ago that primatologists “discovered” the spontaneous use of stones to crack nuts in a semi-free ranging group of tufted capuchin monkeys. Since then, we have found several more capuchin populations in savanna-like environments which employ this form of tool use.5-7 The evidence so far o…
Distribution of potential suitable hammers and transport of hammer tools and nuts by wild capuchin monkeys
Fallback foraging as a way of life: Using dietary toughness to compare the fallback signal among capuchins and implications for interpreting morphological variation
The genus Cebus is one of the best extant models for examining the role of fallback foods in primate evolution. Cebus includes the tufted capuchins, which exhibit skeletal features for the exploitation of hard and tough foods. Paradoxically, these seemingly “specialized” taxa belong to the most ubiquitous group of closely related primates in South America, thriving in a range of different habitats. This appears to be a consequence of their abilit…
Kinematics and energetics of nut‐cracking in wild capuchin monkeys ( Cebus libidinosus ) in Piauí, Brazil
Wild bearded capuchins ( Cebus libidinosus , quadrupedal, medium‐sized monkeys) crack nuts using large stones. We examined the kinematics and energetics of the nut‐cracking action of two adult males and two adult females. From a bipedal stance, the monkeys raised a heavy hammer stone (1.46 and 1.32 kg, from 33 to 77% of their body weight) to an average height of 0.33 m, 60% of body length. Then, they rapidly lowered the stone by flexing the lower…
Stone tool use by adult wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus). Frequency, efficiency and tool selectivity
Anointing variation across wild capuchin populations: A review of material preferences, bout frequency and anointing sociality in Cebus and Sapajus
The frequency of anointing bouts and the materials used for self‐ and social anointing vary across capuchin species in captivity, but there is little published data on capuchin anointing in the wild. Here we present previously unpublished data on anointing behaviors from capuchin monkey populations at ten different field sites and incorporate these data into a review of the anointing literature for captive and wild capuchins. Using a comparative …
Flexible and conservative features of social systems in tufted capuchin monkeys: Comparing the socioecology of Sapajus libidinosus and Sapajus nigritus
Socioecological models assume that primates adapt their social behavior to ecological conditions, and predict that food availability and distribution, predation risk and risk of infanticide by males affect patterns of social organization, social structure and mating system of primates. However, adaptability and variation of social behavior may be constrained by conservative adaptations and by phylogenetic inertia. The comparative study of closely…
Capuchin monkey research priorities and urgent issues
The "Capuchin research community roundtable: working together towards a comparative biology of Cebus and Sapajus" was held at the International Primatological Society Congress in Cancún, Mexico, August 2012. Goals of the roundtable were to strengthen interactions among the capuchin research community, and to prioritize and coordinate research and training in a more systematic and interactive way in light of increasing conservation urgency. New ph…
Males follow females during fissioning of a group of northern muriquis
Although well documented in matrilocal primate species, group fission is still a poorly known phenomenon among patrilocal primates. In this paper we describe in detail a group fission event in the population of northern muriquis at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural-Feliciano Miguel Abdala in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using Social Network Analyses (SNA). Data on association patterns were collected during systematic observations f…
Diversity of nutcracking tool sites used by Sapajus libidinosus in Brazilian Cerrado
Cracking nuts with tools is a behavior documented in a small number of populations of tufted capuchins, mainly in semi-arid Caatinga and Caatinga-Cerrado transitional environments of northeastern Brazil. Only one of these populations inhabits the less arid Cerrado in Central Brazil, where environments are composed of a heterogeneous mosaic of fields, savannas and forest formations. We conducted surveys in 10 of 20 localities where nutcracking by …
Body mass in wild bearded capuchins, ( Sapajus libidinosus ): Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism
Body mass is fundamental for understanding growth, health, and aspects of life history but records of body mass are rarely available for wild primates. We documented the body mass of all individuals in a group of wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) at annual intervals for seven consecutive years. Sexual dimorphism in body mass was more pronounced than reported in the literature for adults in this genus: females in our sample were …
Factors affecting cashew processing by wild bearded capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus , Kerr 1792)
Cashew nuts are very nutritious but so well defended by caustic chemicals that very few species eat them. We investigated how wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) living at Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV; Piauí, Brazil) process cashew nuts (Anacardium spp.) to avoid the caustic chemicals contained in the seed mesocarp. We recorded the behavior of 23 individuals toward fresh (N = 1282) and dry (N = 477) cashew nuts. Adult capuchins used dif…
Age‐related variation in the mechanical properties of foods processed by S apajus libidinosus
OBJECTIVES: The diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrated differences between the feeding competencies of adult and juvenile tufted capuchins. Here we test the hypothesis that, compare…
Predatory threat of harpy eagles for yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys in the Atlantic Forest
Relationship Between Childhood (Un)predictability and Life Milestones in Young Brazilians
The present study sought to investigate whether perceived family unpredictability affects the development of life history strategies in both the reproductive and somatic domains by evaluating the ages at which life milestones occurred. In this study 211 young Brazilians answered a 10-item instrument that contained future milestones, the Family Unpredictability in Childhood, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Not all participants had already ac…
Validation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Measuring Fecal Cortisol Metabolites of Bearded (Sapajus libidinosus) and Black (Sapajus nigritus) Capuchins
Primate Behavior and Ecology (47 works) · Biology (42 works) · Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior (29 works) · Ecology (26 works) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (23 works) · Zoology (19 works) · Geography (18 works) · Psychology (15 works) · Animal ecology (13 works) · Ecology (12 works)