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Elizabeth J Zechmeister

Biographic Data

ID835931
NAMEElizabeth J Zechmeister
GIVEN NAMESElizabeth J
FAMILY NAMEZechmeister
SIGNATUREZECHMEISTER E J
AFFILIATIONSVanderbilt University
ORCID0000-0002-9820-5674
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS45
TOTAL CITATIONS1183
AUTHOR COUNT45
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2001
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX19
  • Pipeline Diversity via Career Diversity: Lessons from a Research Experience for Undergraduates Program

    Open Access•Jennifer Barnes, Emily Hencken Ritter et al.•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•2025•References: 3

    Fostering diversity in political science careers is important. Undergraduate research experiences, coupled with an emphasis on career diversity, have the potential to increase relevant knowledge about and buoy tendencies toward pursuing a PhD among students from diverse backgrounds. This article describes components of a US National Science Foundation–funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program that highlighted career diversity. …

  • Measuring Gender in Comparative Survey Research

    Open Access•Oscar Castorena, Eli Gavin Rau et al.•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•2025•References: 4

    As societal conceptions of gender have evolved, so too have survey-based approaches to the measurement of gender. Yet, most research innovations and insights regarding the measurement of gender come from online or phone surveys in the Global North. We focus on face-to-face surveys in the Global South, specifically in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. Through in-person interviews, an online experiment, and survey experiments, we identi…

  • Republican Pushback on Patriotism-Linked Covid-19 Vaccine Messages: A Note on Moral Reframing

    Open Access•Stephanie L Demora, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Public Opinion Quarterly•2025•References: 43

    Moral reframing theory suggests that messages that connect with fundamental values may soften resistance, especially when from a trusted source. We assess these expectations in opinion dynamics around US Republicans’ views on COVID-19 vaccines. Data are from a preregistered experiment in a national survey of Republicans (n = 3,058). Respondents were randomly assigned to one of three treatments or a control (no message) condition. Treated individu…

  • Disaster and political trust: Evidence from the 2017 Mexico city earthquake

    Open Access•Margaret Frost, Sangeun Kim et al.•ARTICLE•World Development•2025•Cited by: 3•References: 31

  • Conceptualizing and Measuring Support for Democracy: A New Approach

    Open Access•Christopher Claassen, Kathrin Ackermann et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2025•Cited by: 21•References: 53

    Much of what we know about public support for democracy is based on survey questions about “democracy,” a term that varies in meaning across countries and likely prompts uncritically supportive responses. This paper proposes a new approach to measuring support for democracy. We develop a battery of 17 survey questions that cover all eight components of liberal democracy as defined by the V-Dem project. We then ask respondents from 19 national sam…

  • Vote Buying, Norms, Context, and Trust in Elections

    Open Access•Mollie J Cohen, Euiyoung Emily Noh et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2025•Cited by: 3•References: 101

    Conventional wisdom says vote buying undermines trust in elections, but few have examined this systematically. We identify why this relationship ought to hold, on average. We also derive two conditioning hypotheses: vote buying will be less consequential among citizens who view these exchanges as positive and in contexts marred by electoral irregularities. We test these three expectations with analyses of cross-national survey data and an origina…

  • Jesus was a Refugee: Religious Values Framing can Increase Support for Refugees Among White Evangelical Republicans

    Open Access•Stephanie L Demora, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2024•Cited by: 4•References: 63

    We consider how frames highlighting religious values shape opinion among individuals who may experience social identity conflict. White evangelical Republicans have ardently supported Donald Trump’s restrictionist stances towards refugees, yet those partisan policy stances exist in tension with evangelical Christian values emphasizing care for vulnerable strangers. Our pre-registered national experiment tests whether a religious message can move …

  • The Curious Case of Theresa May and the Public That Did Not Rally: Gendered Reactions to Terrorist Attacks Can Cause Slumps Not Bumps - Corrigendum

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•American Political Science Review•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 1

  • Public Opinion on Lethal Violence against Women in Mexico: A Mismatch Between Preferences and Expectations of Justice

    Open Access•Daniela Barba, Noam Lupu et al.•ARTICLE•Revista Latinoamericana de…•2023

    While structural factors help explain the supply of impunity for the murder of women in Latin America, we know less about how much citizens demand stronger responses to cases of lethal violence against women (VAW). What social norms prevail for punishing lethal VAW? What do citizens expect of the state's response? We investigate these questions in Mexico, using a conjoint experiment embedded in a national survey. We causally estimate the degree t…

  • Corruption and Political Support: The Case of Peru’s Vacuna-gate Scandal

    Open Access•Oscar Castorena, Noam Lupu et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2023•References: 31

    Classic theories of public opinion suggest that negative shocks can undermine system support in weak democracies, but scant work has systematically assessed this thesis. We identify Peru’s explosive Vacuna-gate scandal as a most-likely case for finding a connection between corruption and political support. The scandal’s unexpected revelation in the middle of the 2021 AmericasBarometer Peru survey created conditions for a natural experiment. Apply…

  • Online Surveys in Latin America

    Open Access•Oscar Castorena, Noam Lupu et al.•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•2023•Cited by: 9•References: 14

    Online surveys of public opinion are less expensive and faster to administer than other surveys. However, nonprobability online samples diverge from the gold standard of probabilistic sampling. Although scholars have examined the quality of nonprobability samples in the United States and Europe, we know little about how these samples perform in developing contexts. We use nine online surveys fielded in six Latin American countries to examine the …

  • Tolerance for Postponing Elections in Crisis Conditions

    Open Access•Luke Plutowski, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Revista Latinoamericana de…•2022

    Election postponements occur around the world for a variety of reasons, but they became especially widespread during the Covid-19 pandemic. Little is known how the public perceives and reacts to such democratic delays. To shed light on this topic, we included a question module in the 2021 AmericasBarometer about tolerance for alterations to democracy during periods of crisis. The data reveal that tolerance for election postponements is quite high…

  • The Curious Case of Theresa May and the Public That Did Not Rally: Gendered Reactions to Terrorist Attacks Can Cause Slumps Not Bumps

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•American Political Science Review•2022•Cited by: 40•References: 72

    Terrorist attacks routinely produce rallies for incumbent men in the executive office. With scarce cases, there has been little consideration of terrorism's consequences for evaluations of sitting women executives. Fusing research on rallies with scholarship on women in politics, we derive a gender-revised framework wherein the public will be less inclined to rally around women when terrorists attack. A critical case is UK Prime Minister Theresa …

  • Knowledge and stigma of latent tuberculosis infection in Brazil: Implications for tuberculosis prevention strategies

    Open Access•Peter F Rebeiro, Mollie J Cohen et al.•ARTICLE•BMC Public Health•2020

    High proportions of this representative Brazilian population had knowledge of LTBI and were willing to seek treatment for it. However, such knowledge was associated with TB-specific stigma. Strategies to educate and implement treatment of latent tuberculosis must include efforts to decrease TB stigma

  • Emotional Responses Shape the Substance of Information Seeking under Conditions of Threat

    Open Access•Travis G Coan, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2020•Cited by: 9•References: 46

    Menacing news inclines individuals to acquire information, and research has explored how emotional reactions such as fear or anger condition this process. While scholars have debated the relevance of fear and anger for levels of attentiveness and learning in politics, fewer studies consider how variation in emotional responses can shape the substance of information searches in times of threat. We posit that heightened fear motivates interest in d…

  • Social Media Disruption: Messaging Mistrust in Latin America

    Open Access•Noam Lupu, Mariana V Ramírez Bustamante et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of democracy•2020•Cited by: 8

    More and more, political life in Latin America is playing out on social media. What are the implications for democracy? Recent elections in Argentina, Brazil, El Salvador, and Mexico show that social media can help to elevate political outsiders and spread sophisticated misinformation. Survey data show that while social-media users are more supportive than others of democratic principles, they have more negative views of their political systems. …

  • Improving Data Quality in Face-to-Face Survey Research

    Open Access•Carolyn Logan, Pablo Parás et al.•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•2020•Cited by: 1•References: 2

    Data quality in survey research remains a paramount concern for those studying mass political behavior. Because surveys are conducted in increasingly diverse contexts around the world, ensuring that best practices are followed becomes ever more important to the field of political science. Bringing together insights from surveys conducted in more than 80 countries worldwide, this article highlights common challenges faced in survey research and ou…

  • Politics after Violence: Legacies of the Shining Path Conflict in Peru

    J Boesten, Maxwell A Cameron et al.•BOOK•Politics after Violence•2019

  • Threat and Information Acquisition: Evidence from an Eight Country Study

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 14

    We assess individuals’ responses to news about threat, compared to news about positive indicators of well-being, using data from nine experiments conducted across eight countries. The general proposition is that exposure to news about threat increases tendencies to “tune in” to information, compared to those presented with news about better times. The evidence strongly supports this expectation: without exception, the average respondent recalls a…

  • The Value of Preregistration for Open and Credible Science: An Initiative from the Journal of Experimental Political Science

    Open Access•Kevin Arceneaux, Rick K Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2018•Cited by: 1

    In the interest of promoting open and reproducible science, the Journal of Experimental Political Science editorial team will pilot the pre-acceptance of preregistered reports. We note that the launch of this new submission option is a complement to, and does not replace, the option to submit other types of manuscripts. JEPS remains open to receiving and reviewing high quality manuscripts regardless of whether they are based on preregistered stud…

  • Maximizing Benefits from Survey-Based Research

    Noam Lupu, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•2018•References: 2

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

  • Electoral Volatility in Latin America

    Mollie J Cohen, Facundo E Salles Kobilanski et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2018•Cited by: 19•References: 29

    Using an original database of legislative and presidential electoral results from the democratic transitions of the 1970s and 1980s to the present day, we provide a new assessment of electoral volatility in Latin America. Following a model established in studies of other regions, we decompose volatility into two subtypes: party replacement and stable party volatility. We demonstrate the relevance of this approach to Latin America and, further, do…

  • Can experience overcome stereotypes in times of terror threat

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Research & Politics•2017•Cited by: 19•References: 15

    Research on evaluations of leaders has frequently found that female leaders receive lower ratings in times of national security crisis. However, less is known about countervailing factors. We contend that partisanship and leadership experience in relevant domains are two factors that can counteract the negative effects of terrorist threat on evaluations of female political leaders. To test this expectation, we implemented a national study in 2012…

  • Representing the national economic agenda in Latin America: Variation by fat and lean times and party brands

    Open Access•Oscar Castorena, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 28

  • Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2016•Cited by: 135•References: 52

    How does the threat of terrorism affect evaluations of female (vs. male) political leaders, and do these effects vary by the politician’s partisanship? Using two national surveys, we document a propensity for the U.S. public to prefer male Republican leadership the most in times of security threat, and female Democratic leadership the least. We theorize a causal process by which terrorist threat influences the effect of stereotypes on candidate e…

Next
  • Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2016•Cited by: 135•References: 52

    How does the threat of terrorism affect evaluations of female (vs. male) political leaders, and do these effects vary by the politician’s partisanship? Using two national surveys, we document a propensity for the U.S. public to prefer male Republican leadership the most in times of security threat, and female Democratic leadership the least. We theorize a causal process by which terrorist threat influences the effect of stereotypes on candidate e…

  • Sex, Stereotypes, and Security: A Study of the Effects of Terrorist Threat on Assessments of Female Leadership

    Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Women & Politics•2011•Cited by: 102•References: 39

    This project examines the extent to which terrorist threat shapes affect assessments of female political leadership and whether these assessments are affected by the characteristics of the evaluated leader. Using experimental and survey data, we find that conditions of terrorist threat increase the expression of certain gender-trait stereotypes and negatively affect evaluations of female Democratic leaders. Our analysis further suggests that Repu…

  • Name Recognition and Candidate Support

    Open Access•Cindy D Kam, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•American Journal of Political…•2013•Cited by: 91•References: 63

    The mass media devote a great deal of attention to high‐profile elections, but in American political life such elections are the exception, not the rule. The majority of electoral contests feature candidates who are relative unknowns. In such situations, does name recognition breed contempt, indifference, or affection? Existing work presents modest theory and mixed evidence. Using three laboratory experiments, we provide conclusive evidence that …

  • The Varying Political Toll of Concerns About Corruption in Good Versus Bad Economic Times

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister, Daniel Zizumbo-Colunga•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2013•Cited by: 87•References: 42

    Under what conditions do citizens connect concerns about corruption to their evaluations of sitting executives? In contrast to conventional scholarship positing a direct, negative relationship between corruption and political support, we build on a small but suggestive body of research to argue that this relationship is conditional on economic context. We test this claim with national survey data collected in 19 presidential systems as part of th…

  • Political Representation in Latin America: A Study of Elite-Mass Congruence in Nine Countries

    Open Access•Juan Pablo Luna, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2005•Cited by: 78•References: 39

    The authors combine elite and mass survey data to create indicators of representation for nine nations: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Uruguay. For the first time, a quantified measure of the extent to which political parties represent voters’ policy preferences in these countries is offered. The authors then examine the political, social, and economic correlates of representation. Consistent with ex…

  • What’s Left and Who’s Right? A Q-method Study of Individual and Contextual Influences on the Meaning of Ideological Labels

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister, Elizabeth Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2006•Cited by: 71•References: 35

  • Beyond the “Narrow Data Base: Another Convenience Sample for Experimental Research

    Open Access•Cindy D Kam, Jennifer R Wilking et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2007•Cited by: 60•References: 41

  • Crisis, Charisma, and Consequences: Evidence from the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election

    Jennifer L Merolla, Jennifer M Ramos et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2007•Cited by: 57•References: 18

    We investigate how conditions of crisis affect perceptions of charisma and how these, in turn, affect blame attribution and self-sacrificial behavior. Our data are from a 2004 experimental study that preceded the U.S. presidential election, in which we manipulated concerns of a terrorist attack. The results show that those in the Crisis condition rated Bush higher on perceptions of charisma compared to those in the Good Times condition. The Crisi…

  • Terrorist Threat, Leadership, and the Vote: Evidence from Three Experiments

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2009•Cited by: 54•References: 45

  • Better the Devil You Know Than the Saint You Don't? Risk Propensity and Vote Choice in Mexico

    Morgenstern, Scott Morgenstern et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2001•Cited by: 54•References: 14

    This paper argues that personal attitudes toward risk influence vote choice in Mexico. Great uncertainty over the political stances and capabilities of the opposition parties makes risk propensity a key determinant of vote choice. Not all voters who are disenchanted with the status quo take a chance on the less known opposition; risk acceptant voters gamble on these parties, whereas risk averse individuals stick with the "devil they know." Using …

  • Natural Disaster and Democratic Legitimacy: The Public Opinion Consequences of Chile’s 2010 Earthquake and Tsunami

    Open Access•Ryan E Carlin, Gregory J Love et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2013•Cited by: 51•References: 62

    Can natural disasters undermine democratic legitimacy? This article maps a causal pathway from natural disaster damage to shifts in opinion and behavioral tendencies in less established democracies. It theorizes citizens who suffer damage in such contexts will tend toward lower evaluations of democratic institutions, lower support for democratic values and practices, and stronger dispositions toward action. These expectations are tested with nati…

  • Individual and Contextual Constraints on Ideological Labels in Latin America

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister, Margarita Corral•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2013•Cited by: 51•References: 28

    Ideological labels are theoretically useful tools with which individuals comprehend, discuss, and engage in politics. Their actual significance, however, varies. We assess how select individual and contextual factors systematically affect individuals’ use and understandings of the classic left–right dimension in Latin America. Using data from the 2010 AmericasBarometer survey, we show that although education, political interest, and political sop…

  • The Curious Case of Theresa May and the Public That Did Not Rally: Gendered Reactions to Terrorist Attacks Can Cause Slumps Not Bumps

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•American Political Science Review•2022•Cited by: 40•References: 72

    Terrorist attacks routinely produce rallies for incumbent men in the executive office. With scarce cases, there has been little consideration of terrorism's consequences for evaluations of sitting women executives. Fusing research on rallies with scholarship on women in politics, we derive a gender-revised framework wherein the public will be less inclined to rally around women when terrorists attack. A critical case is UK Prime Minister Theresa …

  • It's Not Easy Being Green: Minor Party Labels as Heuristic Aids

    Open Access•Travis G Coan, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Psychology•2008•Cited by: 38•References: 27

    This paper examines if, when, and to what extent U.S. minor party labels influence individual opinions over a range of political issues. Based on data from an experimental study, we reach three general conclusions. First, as cues, party labels are more likely to influence opinions over complex issues. Second, familiarity with and trust in a party condition cue acceptance. Third, as a whole, minor party labels act as effective cues less consistent…

  • Can Canadians Take a Hint? The (In)Effectiveness of Party Labels as Information Shortcuts in Canada

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Laura B Stephenson et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Political…•2008•Cited by: 27•References: 55

    This paper examines the usefulness of Canadian political party labels as information shortcuts. We supplement survey data analysis with the results of an experiment that tested whether knowing a party's position on an issue influenced opinion expression. We find that, contrary to findings in other countries, among our subject pool, Canadian political parties are not consistently useful as information cues. The Liberal party cue is hardly useful, …

  • Evaluating Political Leaders in Times of Terror and Economic Threat: The Conditioning Influence of Politician Partisanship

    Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2013•Cited by: 25•References: 37

    We theorize that evaluations of leaders under terrorist and economic threat vary by both incumbency status and politician partisanship. This argument is based on insights from theories of rally effects, economic voting, and issue ownership, and we assess it with data from four national studies. The first two are experiments featuring hypothetical candidates; consistent with expectations based on issue ownership, the analyses show that Republican …

  • Conceptualizing and Measuring Support for Democracy: A New Approach

    Open Access•Christopher Claassen, Kathrin Ackermann et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2025•Cited by: 21•References: 53

    Much of what we know about public support for democracy is based on survey questions about “democracy,” a term that varies in meaning across countries and likely prompts uncritically supportive responses. This paper proposes a new approach to measuring support for democracy. We develop a battery of 17 survey questions that cover all eight components of liberal democracy as defined by the V-Dem project. We then ask respondents from 19 national sam…

  • Electoral Volatility in Latin America

    Mollie J Cohen, Facundo E Salles Kobilanski et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2018•Cited by: 19•References: 29

    Using an original database of legislative and presidential electoral results from the democratic transitions of the 1970s and 1980s to the present day, we provide a new assessment of electoral volatility in Latin America. Following a model established in studies of other regions, we decompose volatility into two subtypes: party replacement and stable party volatility. We demonstrate the relevance of this approach to Latin America and, further, do…

  • Can experience overcome stereotypes in times of terror threat

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Research & Politics•2017•Cited by: 19•References: 15

    Research on evaluations of leaders has frequently found that female leaders receive lower ratings in times of national security crisis. However, less is known about countervailing factors. We contend that partisanship and leadership experience in relevant domains are two factors that can counteract the negative effects of terrorist threat on evaluations of female political leaders. To test this expectation, we implemented a national study in 2012…

  • From the Gap to the Chasm: Gender and Participation among Non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans

    Open Access•Cindy D Kam, Elizabeth J Zechmeister et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 19•References: 29

    This article focuses on gender and ethnic inequalities in political participation across non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. Using a mainstream model of participation, the authors find that differences in the levels of resources, motivations, and opportunities effectively account for gender gaps within the two populations. However, this mainstream model leaves largely unexplained the chasm in participation across non-Hispanic whites and Me…

  • The Nature, Determinants, and Consequences of Chávez’s Charisma: Evidence From a Study of Venezuelan Public Opinion

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2011•Cited by: 16•References: 35

    Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez is frequently labeled “charismatic,” but this aspect of his leadership has mostly escaped direct argument and analysis. The authors offer a measure of charisma and a reciprocal account of the relationship between charisma and performance evaluations. Data from a national survey of Venezuelans confirm that perceptions of Chávez’s charisma in 2007 were comparatively high. Using three-stage least squares regression a…

  • Trust Shaken: Earthquake Damage, State Capacity, and Interpersonal Trust in Comparative Perspective

    Ryan E Carlin, Gregory J Love et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Politics•2014•Cited by: 15

  • Online Surveys in Latin America

    Open Access•Oscar Castorena, Noam Lupu et al.•ARTICLE•PS Political Science & Politics•2023•Cited by: 9•References: 14

    Online surveys of public opinion are less expensive and faster to administer than other surveys. However, nonprobability online samples diverge from the gold standard of probabilistic sampling. Although scholars have examined the quality of nonprobability samples in the United States and Europe, we know little about how these samples perform in developing contexts. We use nine online surveys fielded in six Latin American countries to examine the …

  • Emotional Responses Shape the Substance of Information Seeking under Conditions of Threat

    Open Access•Travis G Coan, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2020•Cited by: 9•References: 46

    Menacing news inclines individuals to acquire information, and research has explored how emotional reactions such as fear or anger condition this process. While scholars have debated the relevance of fear and anger for levels of attentiveness and learning in politics, fewer studies consider how variation in emotional responses can shape the substance of information searches in times of threat. We posit that heightened fear motivates interest in d…

  • Social Media Disruption: Messaging Mistrust in Latin America

    Open Access•Noam Lupu, Mariana V Ramírez Bustamante et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of democracy•2020•Cited by: 8

    More and more, political life in Latin America is playing out on social media. What are the implications for democracy? Recent elections in Argentina, Brazil, El Salvador, and Mexico show that social media can help to elevate political outsiders and spread sophisticated misinformation. Survey data show that while social-media users are more supportive than others of democratic principles, they have more negative views of their political systems. …

  • Better the Devil You Know Than the Saint You Don't? Risk Propensity and Vote Choice in Mexico

    Morgenstern, Scott Morgenstern et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2001•Cited by: 54•References: 14

    This paper argues that personal attitudes toward risk influence vote choice in Mexico. Great uncertainty over the political stances and capabilities of the opposition parties makes risk propensity a key determinant of vote choice. Not all voters who are disenchanted with the status quo take a chance on the less known opposition; risk acceptant voters gamble on these parties, whereas risk averse individuals stick with the "devil they know." Using …

  • Political Representation in Latin America: A Study of Elite-Mass Congruence in Nine Countries

    Open Access•Juan Pablo Luna, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2005•Cited by: 78•References: 39

    The authors combine elite and mass survey data to create indicators of representation for nine nations: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Uruguay. For the first time, a quantified measure of the extent to which political parties represent voters’ policy preferences in these countries is offered. The authors then examine the political, social, and economic correlates of representation. Consistent with ex…

  • What’s Left and Who’s Right? A Q-method Study of Individual and Contextual Influences on the Meaning of Ideological Labels

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister, Elizabeth Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2006•Cited by: 71•References: 35

  • Crisis, Charisma, and Consequences: Evidence from the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election

    Jennifer L Merolla, Jennifer M Ramos et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2007•Cited by: 57•References: 18

    We investigate how conditions of crisis affect perceptions of charisma and how these, in turn, affect blame attribution and self-sacrificial behavior. Our data are from a 2004 experimental study that preceded the U.S. presidential election, in which we manipulated concerns of a terrorist attack. The results show that those in the Crisis condition rated Bush higher on perceptions of charisma compared to those in the Good Times condition. The Crisi…

  • Beyond the “Narrow Data Base: Another Convenience Sample for Experimental Research

    Open Access•Cindy D Kam, Jennifer R Wilking et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2007•Cited by: 60•References: 41

  • From the Gap to the Chasm: Gender and Participation among Non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans

    Open Access•Cindy D Kam, Elizabeth J Zechmeister et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 19•References: 29

    This article focuses on gender and ethnic inequalities in political participation across non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. Using a mainstream model of participation, the authors find that differences in the levels of resources, motivations, and opportunities effectively account for gender gaps within the two populations. However, this mainstream model leaves largely unexplained the chasm in participation across non-Hispanic whites and Me…

  • It's Not Easy Being Green: Minor Party Labels as Heuristic Aids

    Open Access•Travis G Coan, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Psychology•2008•Cited by: 38•References: 27

    This paper examines if, when, and to what extent U.S. minor party labels influence individual opinions over a range of political issues. Based on data from an experimental study, we reach three general conclusions. First, as cues, party labels are more likely to influence opinions over complex issues. Second, familiarity with and trust in a party condition cue acceptance. Third, as a whole, minor party labels act as effective cues less consistent…

  • Can Canadians Take a Hint? The (In)Effectiveness of Party Labels as Information Shortcuts in Canada

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Laura B Stephenson et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Political…•2008•Cited by: 27•References: 55

    This paper examines the usefulness of Canadian political party labels as information shortcuts. We supplement survey data analysis with the results of an experiment that tested whether knowing a party's position on an issue influenced opinion expression. We find that, contrary to findings in other countries, among our subject pool, Canadian political parties are not consistently useful as information cues. The Liberal party cue is hardly useful, …

  • Policy-based voting, perceptions of issue space, and the 2000 Mexican elections

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2008•Cited by: 3•References: 30

  • Democracy at Risk: How Terrorist Threats Affect the Public

    Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•BOOK•Democracy at Risk•2009

  • Terrorist Threat, Leadership, and the Vote: Evidence from Three Experiments

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2009•Cited by: 54•References: 45

  • Latin American Party Systems

    Open Access•Herbert Kitschelt, Kirk Andrew Hawkins et al.•BOOK•Latin American Party Systems•2010

    Political parties provide a crucial link between voters and politicians. This link takes a variety of forms in democratic regimes, from the organization of political machines built around clientelistic networks to the establishment of sophisticated programmatic parties. Latin American Party Systems provides a novel theoretical argument to account for differences in the degree to which political party systems in the region were programmatically st…

  • Sex, Stereotypes, and Security: A Study of the Effects of Terrorist Threat on Assessments of Female Leadership

    Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Women & Politics•2011•Cited by: 102•References: 39

    This project examines the extent to which terrorist threat shapes affect assessments of female political leadership and whether these assessments are affected by the characteristics of the evaluated leader. Using experimental and survey data, we find that conditions of terrorist threat increase the expression of certain gender-trait stereotypes and negatively affect evaluations of female Democratic leaders. Our analysis further suggests that Repu…

  • The Nature, Determinants, and Consequences of Chávez’s Charisma: Evidence From a Study of Venezuelan Public Opinion

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2011•Cited by: 16•References: 35

    Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez is frequently labeled “charismatic,” but this aspect of his leadership has mostly escaped direct argument and analysis. The authors offer a measure of charisma and a reciprocal account of the relationship between charisma and performance evaluations. Data from a national survey of Venezuelans confirm that perceptions of Chávez’s charisma in 2007 were comparatively high. Using three-stage least squares regression a…

  • Natural Disaster and Democratic Legitimacy: The Public Opinion Consequences of Chile’s 2010 Earthquake and Tsunami

    Open Access•Ryan E Carlin, Gregory J Love et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2013•Cited by: 51•References: 62

    Can natural disasters undermine democratic legitimacy? This article maps a causal pathway from natural disaster damage to shifts in opinion and behavioral tendencies in less established democracies. It theorizes citizens who suffer damage in such contexts will tend toward lower evaluations of democratic institutions, lower support for democratic values and practices, and stronger dispositions toward action. These expectations are tested with nati…

  • Name Recognition and Candidate Support

    Open Access•Cindy D Kam, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•American Journal of Political…•2013•Cited by: 91•References: 63

    The mass media devote a great deal of attention to high‐profile elections, but in American political life such elections are the exception, not the rule. The majority of electoral contests feature candidates who are relative unknowns. In such situations, does name recognition breed contempt, indifference, or affection? Existing work presents modest theory and mixed evidence. Using three laboratory experiments, we provide conclusive evidence that …

  • Evaluating Political Leaders in Times of Terror and Economic Threat: The Conditioning Influence of Politician Partisanship

    Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2013•Cited by: 25•References: 37

    We theorize that evaluations of leaders under terrorist and economic threat vary by both incumbency status and politician partisanship. This argument is based on insights from theories of rally effects, economic voting, and issue ownership, and we assess it with data from four national studies. The first two are experiments featuring hypothetical candidates; consistent with expectations based on issue ownership, the analyses show that Republican …

  • Individual and Contextual Constraints on Ideological Labels in Latin America

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister, Margarita Corral•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2013•Cited by: 51•References: 28

    Ideological labels are theoretically useful tools with which individuals comprehend, discuss, and engage in politics. Their actual significance, however, varies. We assess how select individual and contextual factors systematically affect individuals’ use and understandings of the classic left–right dimension in Latin America. Using data from the 2010 AmericasBarometer survey, we show that although education, political interest, and political sop…

  • The Varying Political Toll of Concerns About Corruption in Good Versus Bad Economic Times

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Zechmeister, Daniel Zizumbo-Colunga•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2013•Cited by: 87•References: 42

    Under what conditions do citizens connect concerns about corruption to their evaluations of sitting executives? In contrast to conventional scholarship positing a direct, negative relationship between corruption and political support, we build on a small but suggestive body of research to argue that this relationship is conditional on economic context. We test this claim with national survey data collected in 19 presidential systems as part of th…

  • Trust Shaken: Earthquake Damage, State Capacity, and Interpersonal Trust in Comparative Perspective

    Ryan E Carlin, Gregory J Love et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Politics•2014•Cited by: 15

  • Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Political Research Quarterly•2016•Cited by: 135•References: 52

    How does the threat of terrorism affect evaluations of female (vs. male) political leaders, and do these effects vary by the politician’s partisanship? Using two national surveys, we document a propensity for the U.S. public to prefer male Republican leadership the most in times of security threat, and female Democratic leadership the least. We theorize a causal process by which terrorist threat influences the effect of stereotypes on candidate e…

  • Can experience overcome stereotypes in times of terror threat

    Open Access•Mirya R Holman, Jennifer L Merolla et al.•ARTICLE•Research & Politics•2017•Cited by: 19•References: 15

    Research on evaluations of leaders has frequently found that female leaders receive lower ratings in times of national security crisis. However, less is known about countervailing factors. We contend that partisanship and leadership experience in relevant domains are two factors that can counteract the negative effects of terrorist threat on evaluations of female political leaders. To test this expectation, we implemented a national study in 2012…

  • Representing the national economic agenda in Latin America: Variation by fat and lean times and party brands

    Open Access•Oscar Castorena, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 28

  • Threat and Information Acquisition: Evidence from an Eight Country Study

    Open Access•Jennifer L Merolla, Elizabeth J Zechmeister•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 14

    We assess individuals’ responses to news about threat, compared to news about positive indicators of well-being, using data from nine experiments conducted across eight countries. The general proposition is that exposure to news about threat increases tendencies to “tune in” to information, compared to those presented with news about better times. The evidence strongly supports this expectation: without exception, the average respondent recalls a…

  • The Value of Preregistration for Open and Credible Science: An Initiative from the Journal of Experimental Political Science

    Open Access•Kevin Arceneaux, Rick K Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2018•Cited by: 1

    In the interest of promoting open and reproducible science, the Journal of Experimental Political Science editorial team will pilot the pre-acceptance of preregistered reports. We note that the launch of this new submission option is a complement to, and does not replace, the option to submit other types of manuscripts. JEPS remains open to receiving and reviewing high quality manuscripts regardless of whether they are based on preregistered stud…

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