L Stolzenberg
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 83638 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | L Stolzenberg |
| NOMBRES | L |
| APELLIDO | Stolzenberg |
| FIRMA | STOLZENBERG L |
| AFILIACIONES | Florida International University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1655-5348 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 54 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 364 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1990 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The Hidden Cost of Immigration
Incarceration and the Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
A substantial body of research shows that a small group of repeat offenders accounts for a disproportionate share of criminal activity and that many high-rate offenders are already incarcerated. This pattern underlies the law of diminishing marginal returns, which predicts that continued expansion of incarceration should increasingly sweep in less dangerous offenders and yield declining public safety benefits. Using 2009 State Court Processing St…
Beyond Peer Homophily
Most delinquent behavior occurs within age-homogeneous peer groups. Using incident-level data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), this study reassesses the extent to which contemporary juvenile group offending reflects peer-only networks versus cross-age collaboration. Results show that while juvenile-only groups remain the dominant pattern, approximately one-third of co-offending incidents involve adult participants. Mixed…
Release Mechanism and Pretrial Failure in Large Urban Counties
A central question in contemporary bail reform is whether the different forms of monetary release used in large U.S. jurisdictions, commercial surety bonds, deposit bonds, full cash bonds, and property bonds, produce systematically different pretrial outcomes. The commercial bail industry has long defended its role on the grounds that bondsman-supervised release produces superior pretrial outcomes through a private enforcement function not availa…
Bail reform and public safety
The Impact of Covid-19 Residential Quarantines on Patterns of Violence against Women in Colombia
The Effect of Prior Criminal Record on Pretrial Failure
Urban bail systems rely heavily on cash bonds to secure the pretrial release of criminal defendants awaiting trial, despite longstanding criticism that this practice disproportionately incarcerates indigent defendants solely because they cannot afford to pay. Many large jurisdictions employ bail bond schedules that assign monetary amounts based primarily on the seriousness of the offense. Using data on 5322 defendants released on bail in 35 large…
The effect of police force size on the reporting of nonphysical injury crime
This study examines the effect of police force size on the reporting of violent crimes, using data from 220 U.S. cities across three time periods (2013, 2016, 2020). Employing a cross-lagged panel model, we investigate the relationship between police presence and citizens’ reporting behavior, distinguishing violent crimes by the presence or absence of physical victim injury. Results indicate no significant cross-lagged effects between police forc…
The Effect of Women’s Incarceration on the Fertility Rate
Various factors, such as income and education, have been adduced to explicate the decline in fertility in the U.S. One underexplored factor potentially contributing to the decrease in fertility is the women’s incarceration rate. Not only has the women’s incarceration rate risen in recent decades, but women tend to be confined during their reproductive years. The results generated in a two-way fixed-effects panel model using four decades of state …
The influence of racial threat and intergroup contact on the incarceration of black drug defendants
The effect of racial threat on racial disparities in sentencing has yielded inconsistent findings. One explanation involves the widespread use of the percentage of the Black population to measure racial threat, which assumes that decision-makers respond to general demographic patterns. However, it is more plausible that prosecutors are influenced by the racial composition of their specific caseloads. A multilevel analysis using the percent of Bla…
Youth Access to Stolen Handguns
Youth with access to illicit handguns have an enhanced proclivity to engage in armed criminal violence and self-harm. While theft has been identified as a pathway for youth to gain access to handguns, little is known about whether and to what extent stolen guns represent a viable channel toward putting youth and others at risk. To evaluate this, several data sources and methods are used to evaluate whether handgun thefts occurring within proximit…
A comparison of first-time offenders, repeat offenders, and frequent utilizers of the criminal justice system
When Avoidance Backfires
Research suggests that Black citizens who experience an elevated fear of law enforcement frequently engage in avoidance strategies, such as fleeing, when confronted by police. There is also strong reason to speculate that this avoidance behavior commonly transpires when the police officer is White. Problematically, this avoidance strategy may place these citizens at an increased risk for officer use of force as the police seek to subdue fleeing s…
The Effect of Self-Defense Laws on Firearm Use Among Criminal Offenders
Criminal violence frequently increases within jurisdictions following the implementation of self-defense laws. One explanation for this finding is a firearm amplification effect, whereby criminal offenders increasingly use firearms as a direct response to the amplified threat engendered by citizens. Using longitudinal data drawn from the National Incident-Based Reporting System for 95 cities situated in 15 states, we investigate whether the passi…
Self-Help and Black Firearm Crime
Self-help theory posits that a negative perception of police engenders firearm violence rather than simply amplifying individuals’ ownership of firearms for self-defense. A racially diverse police force may help decrease firearm use among Black citizens because marginalized groups in society often view a governmental institution as legitimate and impartial when the racial composition of the institution mirrors the population it represents. Analys…
The Effect of Maximum Daily Temperature on Outdoor Violence
Although temperature aggression theory maintains that a high temperature engenders more aggressive behavior by irritating individuals, routine activity theory asserts that violent crime increases as temperature rises because of enhanced interaction among the public in outdoor settings. We investigate the effect of maximum daily temperature on whether crime victims are physically injured during the commission of an outdoor criminal offense in Clev…
The Effects of Race and Physical Evidence on the Likelihood of Arrest for Homicide
Previous research examining the association between criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest has produced inconsistent findings. Social scientists remain unsure as to whether Black or White criminal suspects have a higher probability of arrest. Still others find no substantive association between a criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest. This study contributes to the extant literature by examining the relationship betwee…
Evaluating the cumulative impact of indigent defense attorneys on criminal justice outcomes
Air Pollution and Violent Criminal Behaviour
This study advances the literature by examining the effect of carbon monoxide emissions on the degree of physical violence exhibited by a criminal offender during the commission of a criminal offense. A multilevel analysis is conducted to probe the relationship between carbon monoxide levels and whether a criminal offender physically injures his or her victim. The offender-level data are drawn from the National Incident-Based Reporting System and…
The Replacements
It is proffered that incarcerating offenders will not attenuate criminal activity because new offenders are readily available to supplant those who are imprisoned. This situation, referred to as offender replacement, is mostly applicable for drug selling crimes where a market for illegal drugs exists. We hypothesize that if the incarceration of established drug offenders attenuates competition and creates a fertile environment for novice drug dea…
The Effect of a Complainant's Race and Ethnicity on Dispositional Outcome in Police Misconduct Cases in Chicago
This study examines whether the race and ethnicity of the individual filing a police misconduct allegation in Chicago predicts whether the allegation was (1) sustained, (2) not sustained, (3) determined to be unfounded (not factual), or (4) whether the accused police officer was exonerated of any wrongdoing. Multinomial logistic regression results show that Black and Hispanic complainants are much less likely to have their allegations of police m…
Interracial encounters with the police
The public regularly encounter law enforcement. In an era of the Blacks Lives Matter movement and associated discord with law enforcement, understanding the contours of police--public relations and its potential consequences are paramount. Using national level data of police stops, we attempt to identify factors that influence attitudes of respect and legitimacy toward the police. Findings reveal that, among other things, race impacts perceptions…
The effect of cannabis laws on opioid use
Decisions made in terror
A contentious issue regarding immigration is the contempt that many natives hold for immigrants. Studies report that enhanced job competition, the potential for cultural misunderstandings, and security fears are salient in predicting native population discontent for immigrants. However, the threat posed by terrorism has been overlooked in prior research. Using data drawn from twenty mostly European countries and a nonlinear hierarchical modeling …
The Impact of Violent Crime on Obesity
Dwelling in a violence-plagued neighborhood may amplify obesity by engendering psychological distress or by cultivating a sedentary, homebound lifestyle. This relationship is speculated to be especially relevant for black and Hispanic citizens because they are much more likely than whites to live in violence-beleaguered neighborhoods. Results from two multilevel analyses of 12,645 residents living in 34 New York City neighborhoods show that, whil…
Racial Threat and Social Control
The often observed association between the size of the black population and the amount of social control imposed on blacks has been interpreted as consistent with one of three conceptually distinct perspectives: (1) the political threat hypothesis, (2) the economic threat hypothesis, and (3) the threat of black crime hypothesis. Although these three hypotheses advance differing conceptualizations of threat, adjudicating between them has proven di…
A Multilevel Test of Racial Threat Theory
We develop a conceptual model articulating the mechanisms by which racial threat is theorized to affect social control, focusing specifically on the influence of the relative size of the black population on the likelihood that the police will arrest a black citizen suspected of a violent criminal offense. A multilevel analysis of 145, 255 violent crimes reported to police in 182 cities during 2000 shows only qualified support for racial threat th…
Race and the Probability of Arrest
Although blacks are arrested disproportionately for most types of violent crimes, disagreement persists as to the extent to which official arrest data are indicative of differential offending behavior or selection bias on the part of law enforcement personnel Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), we assess the effect of an offenders race on the probability of arrest for 335,619 incidents of forcible rape, robbery, …
Sentencing and Unwarranted Disparity
Using an interrupted time‐series design, this research note analyzes the long‐term effect of Minnesota's sentencing guidelines on reducing unwarranted disparity in sentencing outcomes that fall within their scope of authority. Unwarranted disparity is defined as residual variation not attributable to legally mandated sentencing factors. Findings suggest that although the sentencing guidelines initially reduced disparity for the no prison/prison s…
The effect of racial threat on interracial and intraracial crimes
Unemployment and the Incarceration of Pretrial Defendants
Les AA. montrent que le niveau de chomage tend a influer sur les taux d'incarceration. La theorie attribue ce fait a une volonte de l'Etat de controler socialement les surplus de main d'oeuvre. Ils examinent la these de Georg Rusche et Otto Kirchheimer et s'efforcent d'evaluer s'il existe un lien entre les taux de chomage et les effectifs d'individu en detention preventive. L'utilisation du modele «ARIMA» d'analyse auto-regressive tend a montrer …
The impact of serious crime, racial threat, and economic inequality on private police size
The Impact of Sentencing Guidelines on Jail Incarceration in Minnesota
Although available empirical evidence suggests that Minnesota's Determinate Sentencing Law has had little effect on prison incarceration, it is still uncertain whether the sentencing guidelines affected jail use. A few recent studies imply that the guidelines have had a positive effect on jail incarceration rates. Accounts have pointed to preexisting trends, more severe sanctioning of repeat property offenders, and judicial concern with prison ov…
Anti-Semitism in America
The authors explore the relation among social demographic characteristics, occupational prestige, and anti-Semitism in America. The National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey (1986) data are used to assess Americans' attitudes toward Jews. The results suggest that respondents' age, gender, and educational level are important predictors of anti-Jewish sentiment. The influence of age, however, contravenes previous research in that you…
Race, economic inequality, and violent crime
Sex differences in the likelihood of arrest
The sex ratio and male-on-female intimate partner violence
Racial Animosity and Interracial Crime
The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of a victim's race on the likelihood of him or her being seriously injured during the commission of an interracial crime. We also assess the probability of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. A multilevel city analysis shows that black offenders are no more apt than white offenders to injure their victims seriously during an interracial robbery or rape. A black offender …
Socioeconomic status and the sentencing of the traditional offender
Gun Availability and Violent Crime
Journal Article Gun Availability and Violent Crime: New Evidence from the National Incident-Based Reporting System Get access Lisa Stolzenberg, Lisa Stolzenberg Florida International University Direct correspondence to Lisa Stolzenberg, School of Policy and Management, Florida International University, University Park Compus, ECS 435, Miami, FL 33199. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Schol…
A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Labor Surplus and Pretrial Incarceration
It is often proffered that as a fiscal crisis worsens, the capitalist state increasingly relies on incarceration to better manage labor surplus. Using a multilevel study design, we analyze the interplay between the employment status of male criminal defendants charged with burglary and armed robbery and the unemployment rate on pretrial incarceration. We theorize that in cities with high unemployment, unemployed criminal defendants will be more l…
Economic Segregation, Race, and Homicide
Objective. Prior research assessing the association between structured inequality and homicides has produced inconsistent findings, particularly in regard to establishing an association between economic disadvantage and black homicide rates. In this study, we employ a measure of the spatial distribution of income, Jargowksy's (1996) economic segregation measure, to assess overall and race‐specific homicide rates. Methods. Using cross‐sectional Ce…
The effect of available capacity on jail incarceration
The Impact of Violent Crime on Obesity
Dwelling in a violence-plagued neighborhood may amplify obesity by engendering psychological distress or by cultivating a sedentary, homebound lifestyle. This relationship is speculated to be especially relevant for black and Hispanic citizens because they are much more likely than whites to live in violence-beleaguered neighborhoods. Results from two multilevel analyses of 12,645 residents living in 34 New York City neighborhoods show that, whil…
Crime, Arrests, and Pretrial Jail Incarceration
Using longitudinal data calibrated in daily intervals and a vector ARMA (VARMA) study design, we investigate the causal relations among the number of crimes reported to the police, the frequency of arrest, and the number of defendants held in pretrial jail confinement. Results show a lagged negative effect of frequency of arrest on reported crime. As the number of wrests made by police increases, the number of index crimes reported to authorities…
Do cities influence co-offending
The Effect of a Complainant's Race and Ethnicity on Dispositional Outcome in Police Misconduct Cases in Chicago
This study examines whether the race and ethnicity of the individual filing a police misconduct allegation in Chicago predicts whether the allegation was (1) sustained, (2) not sustained, (3) determined to be unfounded (not factual), or (4) whether the accused police officer was exonerated of any wrongdoing. Multinomial logistic regression results show that Black and Hispanic complainants are much less likely to have their allegations of police m…
A comparison of first-time offenders, repeat offenders, and frequent utilizers of the criminal justice system
When Avoidance Backfires
Research suggests that Black citizens who experience an elevated fear of law enforcement frequently engage in avoidance strategies, such as fleeing, when confronted by police. There is also strong reason to speculate that this avoidance behavior commonly transpires when the police officer is White. Problematically, this avoidance strategy may place these citizens at an increased risk for officer use of force as the police seek to subdue fleeing s…
Evaluating the cumulative impact of indigent defense attorneys on criminal justice outcomes
Sicarii and the Rise of Terrorism
The Jewish Sicarii, active during the Roman imperial period, are considered by many to be the world's first political terrorists. The Sicarii rejected not only Roman dominance over Judea, but all mortally imposed authority. They effectively used assassination and kidnapping to incite a Jewish uprising against Rome. Once war was inevitable, the Sicarii vied against other extremist factions for sole leadership of the rebellion. When they proved uns…
Anti-Semitism in America
The authors explore the relation among social demographic characteristics, occupational prestige, and anti-Semitism in America. The National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey (1986) data are used to assess Americans' attitudes toward Jews. The results suggest that respondents' age, gender, and educational level are important predictors of anti-Jewish sentiment. The influence of age, however, contravenes previous research in that you…
Handling Missing Data With SPSS/PC
The statistical analysis of data with missing information occurs with great frequency in quantitative research. Although an enormous amount of literature has been produced on this subject, most of it assumes a strong background in statistics. In this paper we use SPSS/PC+ 4.0 to illustrate seven statistical procedures commonly employed by researchers to deal with missing data. We also assess how the use of a particular technique impacts findings …
Socioeconomic status and the sentencing of the traditional offender
Sentencing and Unwarranted Disparity
Using an interrupted time‐series design, this research note analyzes the long‐term effect of Minnesota's sentencing guidelines on reducing unwarranted disparity in sentencing outcomes that fall within their scope of authority. Unwarranted disparity is defined as residual variation not attributable to legally mandated sentencing factors. Findings suggest that although the sentencing guidelines initially reduced disparity for the no prison/prison s…
The Impact of Sentencing Guidelines on Jail Incarceration in Minnesota
Although available empirical evidence suggests that Minnesota's Determinate Sentencing Law has had little effect on prison incarceration, it is still uncertain whether the sentencing guidelines affected jail use. A few recent studies imply that the guidelines have had a positive effect on jail incarceration rates. Accounts have pointed to preexisting trends, more severe sanctioning of repeat property offenders, and judicial concern with prison ov…
Unemployment and the Incarceration of Pretrial Defendants
Les AA. montrent que le niveau de chomage tend a influer sur les taux d'incarceration. La theorie attribue ce fait a une volonte de l'Etat de controler socialement les surplus de main d'oeuvre. Ils examinent la these de Georg Rusche et Otto Kirchheimer et s'efforcent d'evaluer s'il existe un lien entre les taux de chomage et les effectifs d'individu en detention preventive. L'utilisation du modele «ARIMA» d'analyse auto-regressive tend a montrer …
The Unintended Consequences of Linking Sentencing Guidelines to Moody and Marvell Prison Populations—a Reply to Moody and Marvell
The effect of available capacity on jail incarceration
Crime, Arrests, and Pretrial Jail Incarceration
Using longitudinal data calibrated in daily intervals and a vector ARMA (VARMA) study design, we investigate the causal relations among the number of crimes reported to the police, the frequency of arrest, and the number of defendants held in pretrial jail confinement. Results show a lagged negative effect of frequency of arrest on reported crime. As the number of wrests made by police increases, the number of index crimes reported to authorities…
Gun Availability and Violent Crime
Journal Article Gun Availability and Violent Crime: New Evidence from the National Incident-Based Reporting System Get access Lisa Stolzenberg, Lisa Stolzenberg Florida International University Direct correspondence to Lisa Stolzenberg, School of Policy and Management, Florida International University, University Park Compus, ECS 435, Miami, FL 33199. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Schol…
A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Labor Surplus and Pretrial Incarceration
It is often proffered that as a fiscal crisis worsens, the capitalist state increasingly relies on incarceration to better manage labor surplus. Using a multilevel study design, we analyze the interplay between the employment status of male criminal defendants charged with burglary and armed robbery and the unemployment rate on pretrial incarceration. We theorize that in cities with high unemployment, unemployed criminal defendants will be more l…
Racial Threat and Social Control
The often observed association between the size of the black population and the amount of social control imposed on blacks has been interpreted as consistent with one of three conceptually distinct perspectives: (1) the political threat hypothesis, (2) the economic threat hypothesis, and (3) the threat of black crime hypothesis. Although these three hypotheses advance differing conceptualizations of threat, adjudicating between them has proven di…
The effect of racial threat on interracial and intraracial crimes
Measuring Substance Abuse Treatment Need Among Adults in Florida
A multilevel analysis of the effect of cocaine price on cocaine use among arrestees
Race and the Probability of Arrest
Although blacks are arrested disproportionately for most types of violent crimes, disagreement persists as to the extent to which official arrest data are indicative of differential offending behavior or selection bias on the part of law enforcement personnel Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), we assess the effect of an offenders race on the probability of arrest for 335,619 incidents of forcible rape, robbery, …
Sex differences in the likelihood of arrest
A Multilevel Test of Racial Threat Theory
We develop a conceptual model articulating the mechanisms by which racial threat is theorized to affect social control, focusing specifically on the influence of the relative size of the black population on the likelihood that the police will arrest a black citizen suspected of a violent criminal offense. A multilevel analysis of 145, 255 violent crimes reported to police in 182 cities during 2000 shows only qualified support for racial threat th…
The impact of serious crime, racial threat, and economic inequality on private police size
Race, economic inequality, and violent crime
Economic Segregation, Race, and Homicide
Objective. Prior research assessing the association between structured inequality and homicides has produced inconsistent findings, particularly in regard to establishing an association between economic disadvantage and black homicide rates. In this study, we employ a measure of the spatial distribution of income, Jargowksy's (1996) economic segregation measure, to assess overall and race‐specific homicide rates. Methods. Using cross‐sectional Ce…
Racial Animosity and Interracial Crime
The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of a victim's race on the likelihood of him or her being seriously injured during the commission of an interracial crime. We also assess the probability of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. A multilevel city analysis shows that black offenders are no more apt than white offenders to injure their victims seriously during an interracial robbery or rape. A black offender …
Do cities influence co-offending
The sex ratio and male-on-female intimate partner violence
Psychology (36 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (35 obras) · Criminology (35 obras) · Political science (29 obras) · Law (24 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (22 obras) · Medicine (20 obras) · Law (16 obras) · Poison control (15 obras)