Landon Schnabel
Biographic Data
| ID | 84126 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Landon Schnabel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Landon |
| FAMILY NAME | Schnabel |
| SIGNATURE | SCHNABEL L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2674-3019 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 510 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Studying the West and Ignoring the Rest
Social science seeks to uncover general patterns, yet much research centers on what the author calls WEIRDS (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic, and secular) societies, which are dominated by one religion, Christianity, and shaped by its legacy and continuing influence. This WEIRDS focus is especially problematic in studies of religion, as it risks mistaking Christianity-influenced patterns for universal trends. Using global data…
DIY Faith
Young Americans aren’t simply abandoning religion—they’re transforming it. Drawing on a decade of interviews with youth transitioning into adulthood in the early 2000s, the authors show how these youth broke away from traditional religious institutions while celebrating the sacredness of the individual and pursuing new forms of community
A Multilevel Approach to Religion
This article presents a multilevel framework for understanding religion as operating simultaneously at individual, interactional, and institutional levels. Drawing on the multilevel theory of gender as a conceptual parallel, it synthesizes existing perspectives in the sociology of religion into a coherent analytical framework. While many sociological theories implicitly recognize multiple levels, empirical research has typically focused on indivi…
How Religious Subcultures Interact with Gender to Shape Educational Trajectories
We respond to Brady, Luft, and Zuckerman Sivan's critique of how religious subcultures-particularly Jewish upbringing-shape educational attainment. Their reanalysis, while differently specified, reinforces our central finding: adolescents with Jewish upbringing demonstrate higher rates of college completion and selective institution attendance. We defend our use of a multidimensional SES index-including income, education, and occupational prestig…
Malcontented Ministers? Predictors of Clergy Job Dissatisfaction and Thoughts of Leaving Ministry
This study examines factors associated with clergy job dissatisfaction and thoughts of leaving ministry, using nationally representative data from the National Survey of Religious Leaders (NSRL). While most U.S. clergy report high job satisfaction, substantial variation exists. Contrary to expectations, factors like gender and differences in theology or politics show weak associations with dissatisfaction and exit intentions. Instead, three facto…
Breaking Free of the Iron Cage
The United States is undergoing a remarkable religious transformation: in just a few decades, the proportion of religious 'nones' surged from 1 in 20 to more than 1 in 4. Through four waves of National Study of Youth and Religion surveys and in-depth interviews (2003-2013) linked with administrative data, this study follows a cohort of adolescents coming of age during the rapid rise of the 'nones' and shifting social values, including growing sup…
The Spiritual Turn and 'Feminization
Although women and men identify as 'spiritual' in similar numbers, far more women participate in the holistic milieu. We seek to solve this 'gender puzzle' by fleshing out the gender scripts the holistic milieu fosters, and their varying relationships to the wider gender order. Surveying existing scholarship, we show that, for women, participation serves to naturalize a script of postfeminist femininity that combines gender essentialism with poli…
A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research …
A Search for Liberalizing Religion
This study explores potential heterogeneity in the relationship between religion and politics in the United States. Rather than assume all religion is conservatizing, it conducts a broad preliminary search for liberalizing religion across three cross-sectional national datasets. While the study finds the most liberal politics among adherents of particular 'liberal' religious groups rather than among the unaffiliated, it largely fails to find form…
Switch to Web-Based Surveys During Covid-19 Pandemic Left Out the Most Religious, Creating a False Impression of Rapid Religious Decline
Religion appears to have taken a nosedive during the pandemic, including previously persistent forms of intense religion such as strong affiliation and biblical literalism. However, this apparent secularization is the result of mode effects. The gold standard General Social Survey (GSS) switched to online rather than face-to-face interviews and the response rate plunged to 17%. Parallel analyses of GSS panel data demonstrate that this mode switch…
Intersecting identities, diverging visions
Liberal democracies hold in tension two socio-political values, liberty and equality, with the understanding that prioritizing one often means sacrificing the other. In the United States, views on which value to prioritize (and even how to define them) are shaped by the intersections of race, gender, and religion. We theorize Christian nationalism's association with prioritizing equality or liberty is contingent on Americans' racial and gender id…
Why Does Color Have to Matter
There is an appreciable divergence in views on racism among Jewish Americans based on their political affiliations, with Jewish Democrats being almost four times as likely as Jewish Republicans to perceive substantial discrimination against Black people. Through qualitative interviews with 30 Jewish adults across the political spectrum in the Philadelphia area, we analyze narratives surrounding George Floyd's murder, the Black Lives Matter (BLM) …
An Invitation to the Sociology of Religion
Is the Gender Wage Gap Really a Family Wage Gap in Disguise
Despite large literatures on gender and family wage gaps (e.g., the motherhood wage penalty, fatherhood wage premium, and the marriage premium) and widespread recognition that the two gaps are intertwined, the extent and pattern of their relationships are underexplored. Using data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we show that family wage gaps are strongly associated with the gender wage gap, as long assumed in the literat…
Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
Why Religion Is Good for American Democracy
Gender, Sexuality, and Religion
This article sets forth a critical integrative review of the study of gender, sexuality, and religion. Treating religion as a cause, an effect, and an intermediary factor in relation to gender and sexuality, it draws on and synthesizes multiple theoretical approaches, including gender and queer lenses on religion, cultural analysis, and intersectionality. The article is structured around 10 big‐picture questions about gender, sexuality, and relig…
The Religious Work Ethic and the Spirit of Patriarchy
Societal beliefs about women's work have long been a metric for gender equality, with recent scholarship focusing on trends in these attitudes to assess the progress (or stalling) of the gender revolution. Moving beyond widely critiqued gender attitude questions thought to be the only available items for measuring change over time, this article considers women's and men's views toward their own work over the last half century. Traditional gender …
Fill the Earth and Subdue It
What fuels both enthusiasm for increasing “American” birth rates and fears about their decline? Citing the prevalence of fertility campaigns in authoritarian regimes characterized by ethno‐nationalist Christianity, we theorize that, in addition to patriarchal attitudes, perceived ethno‐cultural threat and desire for ethno‐cultural dominance substantially drive “nationalist pronatalism” (promoting fertility to strengthen “the nation” and avoid nat…
Religion Protected Mental Health but Constrained Crisis Response During Crucial Early Days of the Covid‐19 Pandemic
This study demonstrates that religion protected mental health but constrained support for crisis response during the crucial early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data from a national probability‐based sample of the U.S. population show that highly religious individuals and evangelicals suffered less distress in March 2020. They were also less likely to see the coronavirus outbreak as a crisis and less likely to support public health restrictions …
Christian nationalism, perceived anti‐Christian discrimination, and prioritising “religious freedom” in the 2020 presidential election
For decades now and particularly during the 2020 presidential campaign, American conservatives have stressed the need to protect “religious freedom.” Building on research documenting a connection between Trump‐support, a desire to privilege conservative Christianity, and perceptions that conservative Christianity is persecuted due to its anti‐LGT (lesbian, gay, or transgender) views, we theorise such factors were the ideological driving force beh…
From Bat Mitzvah to the Bar
This study considers the role of religious habitus and self-concept in educational stratification. We follow 3,238 adolescents for 13 years by linking the National Study of Youth and Religion to the National Student Clearinghouse. Survey data reveal that girls with a Jewish upbringing have two distinct postsecondary patterns compared to girls with a non-Jewish upbringing, even after controlling for social origins: (1) they are 23 percentage point…
Visualizing Partisan Identification Switching in the General Social Survey Panel, 2016–2020
This visualization captures shifts in partisan identification in the 2016–2020 General Social Survey Panel. Although most partisans remained stable in their identifications, a significant proportion of respondents either shifted to the opposing party or became independents. These patterns have important implications for our understanding of recent party realignment, trends in partisanship, and the care needed when using party identification as an…
Secularism and Fertility Worldwide
This study proposes and explores a new fertility determinant: societal secularism. Using country-level data from multiple sources ( n = 181) and multilevel data from 58 countries in the World Values Survey ( n = 83,301), the author documents a strong negative relationship between societal secularism and both country-level fertility rates and individual-level fertility behavior. Secularism, even in small amounts, is associated with population stag…
Measuring the predictability of life outcomes with a scientific mass collaboration
How predictable are life trajectories? We investigated this question with a scientific mass collaboration using the common task method; 160 teams built predictive models for six life outcomes using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a high-quality birth cohort study. Despite using a rich dataset and applying machine-learning methods optimized for prediction, the best predictions were not very accurate and were only slightly…
Gun Control in the Crosshairs
Despite increasingly frequent mass shootings and a growing dissatisfaction with current gun laws, American opposition to federal gun legislation remains strong. The authors show that opposition to stricter gun control is closely linked to Christian nationalism, a religious cultural framework that mandates a symbiotic relationship between Christianity and civil society. Using data from a national population-based survey, the authors show that Chri…
Sexual Orientation and Social Attitudes
Gender, race, and class strongly predict social attitudes and are at the core of social scientific theory and empirical analysis. Sexuality (i.e., sexual orientation), however, is not as central a factor by which we conceptualize and systematize society. This study examines the impact of sexual orientation, gender, race, and education across attitudinal topics covered by the General Social Survey. Sexual orientation is an important part of people…
Gender and homosexuality attitudes across religious groups from the 1970s to 2014
Religion and Gender Equality Worldwide
This chapter analyses the macro effects of the proportion of religious adherents in a country on two country-level indicators of material gender outcomes: the United Nations Gender Inequality Index and the Social Watch Gender Equity Index. Macro forces of overall material gender equality in a country influence micro gender relations and individual attitudes and practices. Because of the association between having formerly been a communist country…
How Religious are American Women and Men? Gender Differences and Similarities
Are women universally more religious than men? Some research on gender differences has argued that biology leads women to be innately more religious than men, but other research has highlighted the importance of avoiding universal claims and recognizing complexity. This brief note uses General Social Survey data to report gender differences in predicted religiosity by religious category across eight measures. In the United States, gender differen…
The Persistent and Exceptional Intensity of American Religion
Recent research argues that the United States is secularizing, that this religious change is consistent with the secularization thesis, and that American religion is not exceptional. But we show that rather than religion fading into irrelevance as the secularization thesis would suggest, intense religion—strong affiliation, very frequent practice, literalism, and evangelicalism—is persistent and, in fact, only moderate religion is on the decline …
More religious, less dogmatic
Should Mary and Jane Be Legal? Americans’ Attitudes toward Marijuana and Same-Sex Marriage Legalization, 1988–2014
Marijuana and same-sex marriage are two of the fastest changing and most widely debated opinion and policy issues in the United States. Research has examined public opinion on marijuana legalization and same-sex marriage legalization individually, but has neglected to examine these two issues together. We use General Social Survey data from 1988 to 2014 to compare four groups: (1) those who support neither; (2) those who support marijuana but not…
I'm Gay and I'm Catholic
This article examines the negotiation of sexual and religious identities among gay and lesbian students on a Catholic university campus. We explore context-specific identity negotiation to determine how and why, even in a time of increasing societal acceptance of sexual minorities, boundaries between faith and sexual identity persist. Through participant observation and interviews conducted with gay and lesbian students, we identify and discuss f…
The Gender Pray Gap
Social scientists agree that women are generally more religious than men, but disagree about whether the differences are universal or contingent on social context. This study uses General Social Survey data to explore differences in religiosity between, as well as among, women and men by level of individual earned income. Extending previous research, I focus on high earners with other groups included for comparison. Predicted probabilities based …
Fill the Earth and Subdue It
What fuels both enthusiasm for increasing “American” birth rates and fears about their decline? Citing the prevalence of fertility campaigns in authoritarian regimes characterized by ethno‐nationalist Christianity, we theorize that, in addition to patriarchal attitudes, perceived ethno‐cultural threat and desire for ethno‐cultural dominance substantially drive “nationalist pronatalism” (promoting fertility to strengthen “the nation” and avoid nat…
Christian nationalism, perceived anti‐Christian discrimination, and prioritising “religious freedom” in the 2020 presidential election
For decades now and particularly during the 2020 presidential campaign, American conservatives have stressed the need to protect “religious freedom.” Building on research documenting a connection between Trump‐support, a desire to privilege conservative Christianity, and perceptions that conservative Christianity is persecuted due to its anti‐LGT (lesbian, gay, or transgender) views, we theorise such factors were the ideological driving force beh…
The question of subjectivity in three emerging feminist science studies frameworks
From Bat Mitzvah to the Bar
This study considers the role of religious habitus and self-concept in educational stratification. We follow 3,238 adolescents for 13 years by linking the National Study of Youth and Religion to the National Student Clearinghouse. Survey data reveal that girls with a Jewish upbringing have two distinct postsecondary patterns compared to girls with a non-Jewish upbringing, even after controlling for social origins: (1) they are 23 percentage point…
Where Men Appear More Religious Than Women
Past research, typically focused on Christians in Christian nations, has found that women tend to be more religious than men. This study uses original nationally representative data (N = 5,601) with strategic oversamples of minority groups to examine variation in how religion and gender intersect across ethnoreligious identities in Israel. We demonstrate that Israel diverges from the typical pattern of women appearing more religious than men. In …
Gendered Religiosity
This study uses measures of cognitive and expressive aspects of gender as a social identity from the General Social Survey to examine whether and how they relate to religiosity. I find that religiosity is clearly gendered, but in different ways for women and men. Consistent with the feminine-typing of religion in the Christian-majority context of the United States, gender expression is linked with more religiousness among women but not men. Consi…
Switch to Web-Based Surveys During Covid-19 Pandemic Left Out the Most Religious, Creating a False Impression of Rapid Religious Decline
Religion appears to have taken a nosedive during the pandemic, including previously persistent forms of intense religion such as strong affiliation and biblical literalism. However, this apparent secularization is the result of mode effects. The gold standard General Social Survey (GSS) switched to online rather than face-to-face interviews and the response rate plunged to 17%. Parallel analyses of GSS panel data demonstrate that this mode switch…
Religion Protected Mental Health but Constrained Crisis Response During Crucial Early Days of the Covid‐19 Pandemic
This study demonstrates that religion protected mental health but constrained support for crisis response during the crucial early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data from a national probability‐based sample of the U.S. population show that highly religious individuals and evangelicals suffered less distress in March 2020. They were also less likely to see the coronavirus outbreak as a crisis and less likely to support public health restrictions …
Religion across Axes of Inequality in the United States
Much research considers group differences in religious belonging, behaving, and/or believing by gender, race, ethnicity, class, or sexuality. This study, however, considers all these factors at once, providing the first comprehensive snapshot of religious belonging, behaving, and believing across and within these axes of inequality in the United States. Leveraging unique data with an exceptionally large sample, I explore religion across 40 unique…
The Continuing Persistence of Intense Religion in the United States
In their comment on our article about the persistence of intense religion in the United States, David Voas and Mark Chaves (2018) claimed that 'the intensely religious segment of the American population is shrinking.' In this response, we show that intense religion has persisted from the 1970s to the present, with a temporary uptick during the exceptional Reagan years. Voas and Chaves concluded otherwise because their analytical strategy was not …
Secularism and Fertility Worldwide
This study proposes and explores a new fertility determinant: societal secularism. Using country-level data from multiple sources ( n = 181) and multilevel data from 58 countries in the World Values Survey ( n = 83,301), the author documents a strong negative relationship between societal secularism and both country-level fertility rates and individual-level fertility behavior. Secularism, even in small amounts, is associated with population stag…
Opiate of the Masses? Inequality, Religion, and Political Ideology in the United States
This study considers the assertion that religion is the opiate of the masses. Using a special module of the General Social Survey, I first demonstrate that religion functions as a compensatory resource for structurally disadvantaged groups-women, racial minorities, those with lower incomes, and, to a lesser extent, sexual minorities. I then demonstrate that religion-operating as both compensatory resource and values-shaping schema-suppresses what…
Breaking Free of the Iron Cage
The United States is undergoing a remarkable religious transformation: in just a few decades, the proportion of religious 'nones' surged from 1 in 20 to more than 1 in 4. Through four waves of National Study of Youth and Religion surveys and in-depth interviews (2003-2013) linked with administrative data, this study follows a cohort of adolescents coming of age during the rapid rise of the 'nones' and shifting social values, including growing sup…
Is the Gender Wage Gap Really a Family Wage Gap in Disguise
Despite large literatures on gender and family wage gaps (e.g., the motherhood wage penalty, fatherhood wage premium, and the marriage premium) and widespread recognition that the two gaps are intertwined, the extent and pattern of their relationships are underexplored. Using data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we show that family wage gaps are strongly associated with the gender wage gap, as long assumed in the literat…
A Search for Liberalizing Religion
This study explores potential heterogeneity in the relationship between religion and politics in the United States. Rather than assume all religion is conservatizing, it conducts a broad preliminary search for liberalizing religion across three cross-sectional national datasets. While the study finds the most liberal politics among adherents of particular 'liberal' religious groups rather than among the unaffiliated, it largely fails to find form…
When Fringe Goes Mainstream
Successful social movements gain an inside voice and reshape the larger system from within. Knowing the extent to which the Christian Right has gained a voice within the Republican Party is vital to understanding the current state of party politics and civil religion in America. This study considers sociohistorical developments in the Christian Right and analyzes the placement of the goals contained within the Christian Coalition's Contract with …
When Fringe Goes Mainstream Again
Successful social movements gain an inside voice and reshape the larger system from within. Knowing the extent to which the Tea Party movement has gained a voice within the Republican Party is vital to understanding the current state of party politics in America. This study analyzes the presence of the goals contained within the Tea Party movement's Contract from America in the Republican platform, finding that each plank of the contract was repr…
The question of subjectivity in three emerging feminist science studies frameworks
How Religious are American Women and Men? Gender Differences and Similarities
Are women universally more religious than men? Some research on gender differences has argued that biology leads women to be innately more religious than men, but other research has highlighted the importance of avoiding universal claims and recognizing complexity. This brief note uses General Social Survey data to report gender differences in predicted religiosity by religious category across eight measures. In the United States, gender differen…
The Relationship between Education and Mental Health
Prior research has documented a strong and positive correlation between completed education and adults’ mental health. Researchers often describe this relationship using causal language: higher levels of education are thought to enhance people’s skills, afford important structural advantages, and empower better coping mechanisms, all of which lead to better mental health. An alternative explanation—the social selection hypothesis—suggests that sc…
Subjectivity in Feminist Science and Technology Studies
Feminist science and technology studies calls the researcher to reconsider subjectivity in three ways. First, who or what has subjectivity? Second, is subjectivity a property of an individual being with sentience, or is it a more diffuse process? Third, who or what acts in meaningful ways to impact social relations (and are thus worthy of sociological study)? According to feminist STS, the conferral of subjectivity has been nationalized, racializ…
The Gender Pray Gap
Social scientists agree that women are generally more religious than men, but disagree about whether the differences are universal or contingent on social context. This study uses General Social Survey data to explore differences in religiosity between, as well as among, women and men by level of individual earned income. Extending previous research, I focus on high earners with other groups included for comparison. Predicted probabilities based …
Gender and homosexuality attitudes across religious groups from the 1970s to 2014
The Persistent and Exceptional Intensity of American Religion
Recent research argues that the United States is secularizing, that this religious change is consistent with the secularization thesis, and that American religion is not exceptional. But we show that rather than religion fading into irrelevance as the secularization thesis would suggest, intense religion—strong affiliation, very frequent practice, literalism, and evangelicalism—is persistent and, in fact, only moderate religion is on the decline …
Seeing Is Believing
An extensive literature demonstrates that religion is a key determinant of Americans’ social and political attitudes. This literature, however, has neglected an important measure of everyday religious practice, preference, and socialization: religious media consumption. We take a key social issue where attitudes have been shown to be largely shaped by religion—same-sex relationships—as an example to determine whether religious media consumption p…
Should Mary and Jane Be Legal? Americans’ Attitudes toward Marijuana and Same-Sex Marriage Legalization, 1988–2014
Marijuana and same-sex marriage are two of the fastest changing and most widely debated opinion and policy issues in the United States. Research has examined public opinion on marijuana legalization and same-sex marriage legalization individually, but has neglected to examine these two issues together. We use General Social Survey data from 1988 to 2014 to compare four groups: (1) those who support neither; (2) those who support marijuana but not…
Gendered Religiosity
This study uses measures of cognitive and expressive aspects of gender as a social identity from the General Social Survey to examine whether and how they relate to religiosity. I find that religiosity is clearly gendered, but in different ways for women and men. Consistent with the feminine-typing of religion in the Christian-majority context of the United States, gender expression is linked with more religiousness among women but not men. Consi…
I'm Gay and I'm Catholic
This article examines the negotiation of sexual and religious identities among gay and lesbian students on a Catholic university campus. We explore context-specific identity negotiation to determine how and why, even in a time of increasing societal acceptance of sexual minorities, boundaries between faith and sexual identity persist. Through participant observation and interviews conducted with gay and lesbian students, we identify and discuss f…
Body size reference norms and subjective weight status
This paper uses data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to describe county-level variation in norms regarding physical weight among adolescents in the United States. We demonstrate that regardless of one's physical size, those residing in counties with a heavier weight norm are significantly less likely to see themselves as overweight than those residing in counties with a light weight norm. We further…
The Continuing Persistence of Intense Religion in the United States
In their comment on our article about the persistence of intense religion in the United States, David Voas and Mark Chaves (2018) claimed that 'the intensely religious segment of the American population is shrinking.' In this response, we show that intense religion has persisted from the 1970s to the present, with a temporary uptick during the exceptional Reagan years. Voas and Chaves concluded otherwise because their analytical strategy was not …
Education and Attitudes toward Interpersonal and State-Sanctioned Violence
The link between education and liberal attitudes is among the most consistent findings in public-opinion research, but the theoretical explanations for this relationship warrant additional attention. Previous work suggested that the relationship is due to education socializing students to the “official culture” of the United States. This study uses the World Values Survey and General Social Survey to examine Americans’ attitudes toward the justif…
Gun Control in the Crosshairs
Despite increasingly frequent mass shootings and a growing dissatisfaction with current gun laws, American opposition to federal gun legislation remains strong. The authors show that opposition to stricter gun control is closely linked to Christian nationalism, a religious cultural framework that mandates a symbiotic relationship between Christianity and civil society. Using data from a national population-based survey, the authors show that Chri…
Sexual Orientation and Social Attitudes
Gender, race, and class strongly predict social attitudes and are at the core of social scientific theory and empirical analysis. Sexuality (i.e., sexual orientation), however, is not as central a factor by which we conceptualize and systematize society. This study examines the impact of sexual orientation, gender, race, and education across attitudinal topics covered by the General Social Survey. Sexual orientation is an important part of people…
Where Men Appear More Religious Than Women
Past research, typically focused on Christians in Christian nations, has found that women tend to be more religious than men. This study uses original nationally representative data (N = 5,601) with strategic oversamples of minority groups to examine variation in how religion and gender intersect across ethnoreligious identities in Israel. We demonstrate that Israel diverges from the typical pattern of women appearing more religious than men. In …
More religious, less dogmatic
The Gender Pray Gap
Gender differences in religiosity raise questions for scholars of gender, scholars of religion, and those interested in group differences more generally. This chapter explores how gender differences vary by level of earned income to consider not just how women and men differ but also how women differ from women and how men differ from men. It examines whether gender differences are attenuated among elite earners. As gender scholars have demonstra…
Religion and Democratic Citizenship
We conduct a multilevel examination of the relationship between religiosity and democratic citizenship norms and behaviors using International Social Survey Program data. We analyze how democratic engagement varies according to individual and national average religious involvement in 28 predominantly-Christian democracies. We find that (1) individual-level religious attendance is positively linked to both what people say (norms) and what they do …
Religion and Gender Equality Worldwide
This chapter analyses the macro effects of the proportion of religious adherents in a country on two country-level indicators of material gender outcomes: the United Nations Gender Inequality Index and the Social Watch Gender Equity Index. Macro forces of overall material gender equality in a country influence micro gender relations and individual attitudes and practices. Because of the association between having formerly been a communist country…
Measuring the predictability of life outcomes with a scientific mass collaboration
How predictable are life trajectories? We investigated this question with a scientific mass collaboration using the common task method; 160 teams built predictive models for six life outcomes using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a high-quality birth cohort study. Despite using a rich dataset and applying machine-learning methods optimized for prediction, the best predictions were not very accurate and were only slightly…
Religion across Axes of Inequality in the United States
Much research considers group differences in religious belonging, behaving, and/or believing by gender, race, ethnicity, class, or sexuality. This study, however, considers all these factors at once, providing the first comprehensive snapshot of religious belonging, behaving, and believing across and within these axes of inequality in the United States. Leveraging unique data with an exceptionally large sample, I explore religion across 40 unique…
Sociology (39 works) · Political science (28 works) · Psychology (27 works) · Religion and Society Interactions (27 works) · Law (22 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Gender Studies (18 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (18 works) · Politics (16 works) · Law (15 works)