Sandra Gray
Biographic Data
| ID | 84172 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sandra Gray |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sandra |
| FAMILY NAME | Gray |
| SIGNATURE | GRAY S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kansas |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7736-8378 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 111 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
An Interview With Fatima Dike
Milk Has Gone: Dietary Change and Human Adaptability in Karamoja, Uganda
This article examines changes in dietary strategies among Karimojong agropastoralists in northeast Uganda. We recorded food selection, procurement, processing, and consumption in twenty-eight female-headed Karimojong households during a four-month period in 2004. Plant foods comprised the bulk of the diet, whereas less than 12 percent of dietary intake came from the herds. Milk contributed no more than 5 percent of total dietary energy. These fin…
Vera Radaslava (Demerec) Dyson-Hudson (1930-2016)
Long Story Short: The Writing Life of Sheila Roberts
In a publishing career within South Africa dating from the 1970s, over the next three decades, Sheila Roberts (1937–2009) consistently evaded oversimplified readings of her work, especially in the short-story form, and in her verse. For most of her later professional career as a teacher of “creative writing” in the United States, she defied literalisms, dispatching back to her country of birth challenging versions of “home truths” and increasingl…
Losing His Head: The Poetry of Wopko Jensma and His Reputation
This article focuses on the declining reputation, and the efforts to revive it for a new readership today, of the life and work of the South African Wopko Jensma (1939–93). Principally known for the three volumes of poetry published by the radical Ravan Press in Johannesburg, one of which caused a sensation by being banned under the apartheid authorities, he was also known as a graphic artist who supplied iconic book-covers for the published so-c…
Some Publishing Personalia Concerning Bessie Head
Paying tribute to Bessie Head's biographers and scholars, this article concentrates on more personal aspects of her life, correspondence and publishing career that has been generally overlooked in present records. Extensive quotations from hitherto unpublished letters between her and the author are included
Caught on Tape: Dennis Brutus's Questionable Hold on Poet Arthur Nortje
The publication in 2011 of The Dennis Brutus Tapes, edited by Bernth Lindfors from recordings made as early as during the mid-1970s when the South African exile was resident in Austin, Texas, provides a revealing opportunity to comment on the adaptations and evasions the poet and activist made to his life-story subsequently. The focus here is on stressing how Brutus mythologises the reputation of his pupil and fellow poet Arthur Nortje (born 1942…
Thank You to Reviewers 2012
Longitudinal weight gain of immunized infants and toddlers in Moroto District, Uganda (Karamoja subregion)
This study examines longitudinal weight gain of a sample of 123 immunized children from Moroto District, northeast Uganda. The weight data were combined from two sources: (1) anthropometric examinations carried out between 1998 and 2004 by a research team from the University of Kansas, and (2) weights recorded on children's immunization records by local health care practitioners. Our findings conform generally to the pattern described in previous…
Someone Dies in Your Lap: Structural, Ecological and Political Effects on Child and Maternal Health Care Decisions, Moroto District, Uganda, 2004
In this paper I examine the impact of recent ecological and political events, and of structural inequalities, on child health and maternal utilization of biomedical services in Moroto District, Uganda. Data were collected in 2004 in two communities in Bokora and Mazeniko sub-counties, as part of a study of maternal strategies in a context of extreme environmental and social stress. Children suffered from a range of chronic and preventable illness…
Beer is the cattle of women: Sorghum beer commercialization and dietary intake of agropastoral families in Karamoja, Uganda
Mixed‐longitudinal growth of Karimojong girls and boys in Moroto District, Uganda
In this article we examine results of a mixed‐longitudinal study of child and adolescent growth among agropastoral Karimojong children in Moroto District, northeast Uganda. During a 5‐month period from August to December, 2004, longitudinal data were collected for a mixed sample of 104 Karimojong children, aged from birth to 18 years. During a previous study in 1998–1999,we had measured 26 of these children who then ranged in Age between 3 months…
Mixed‐longitudinal growth of breastfeeding children in Moroto District, Uganda (Karamoja subregion). A loss of biological resiliency
This study examines the pattern of growth, underlying growth velocity and nutritional status in a sample of thirty breastfeeding Karimojong children, aged from birth to three years. A mixed‐longitudinal structure was adopted for the study, which was carried out between August and December, 2004, in two communities in Moroto District, Uganda. Monthly anthropometric and health examinations were administered to mothers and children during this inter…
Cross‐sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children
In this study, we compare cross‐sectional growth in two Nilotic pastoralist populations, the Turkana and Karimojong of northern East Africa. Until the middle of the 18th century, these two groups constituted one population, and their genetic affinities consequently are assumed to be strong. Known differences in their subsistence practices as well as their recent cultural history allow us to consider the genetic vs. environmental determinants of t…
Comparison of body composition among settled and nomadic Turkana of Kenya
Adoption of farming along the rivers of Turkana District in Kenya has lead to the settling of traditionally nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana pastoralists. The impact of resulting changes in activity and energy expenditure, disease, and diet have not been investigated previously. This study examines the effects of subsistence transition on body composition of nomadic and settled Turkana. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfolds, circumfere…
Cattle Raiding, Cultural Survival, and Adaptability of East African Pastoralists
Since the late 1970s, cattle raiding with automatic weapons has escalated among nomadic herding societies in northern East Africa. We examine the impact of AK47 raiding on the adaptability of Karimojong agropastoralists in northern Uganda. Most notably, raiding is linked to a loss of population resilience in Karamoja, measured in increased mortality of young children and of adult males in their prime reproductive years and decreased female fertil…
A Memory of Loss: Ecological Politics, Local History, and the Evolution of Karimojong Violence
Since early March 1999, deadly confrontations among pastoralists and government forces in northeastern Uganda's Karamoja region have escalated. Raiding and banditry are long-established features of intertribal relations in this region, and government reprisals against such operations date from the colonial period. However, present-day violence has assumed a singular form among the Karimojong, often involving them in the murder and raiding of othe…
Child Growth and Nutrition in Developing Countries: Priorities for Action
Child Growth and Nutrition in Developing Countries: Priorities for Action Per Pinstrup‐Andersen. David Pelletier. and Harold Alderman. eds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995
Butterfat feeding in early infancy in african populations: New hypotheses
The feeding of butterfat and animal milk to infants during their first 6 months has been documented in a number of pastoralist populations in Africa and elsewhere. In the view of the majority of nutrition scientists and physicians, this practice heightens the risk of malnutrition and infection for the infant. Where these nonbreastmilk foods are used to replace breastmilk, this view certainly is justified. In high-risk populations who use foods su…
Butterfat feeding in early infancy in african populations: New hypotheses
The feeding of butterfat and animal milk to infants during their first 6 months has been documented in a number of pastoralist populations in Africa and elsewhere. In the view of the majority of nutrition scientists and physicians, this practice heightens the risk of malnutrition and infection for the infant. Where these nonbreastmilk foods are used to replace breastmilk, this view certainly is justified. In high-risk populations who use foods su…
Notes on South Africa and Australian Theatre
(1998). Notes on South Africa and Australian Theatre. South African Theatre Journal: Vol. 12, No. 1-2, pp. 172-177
Correlates of breastfeeding frequency among nomadic pastoralists of Turkana, Kenya: A retrospective study
Recent research has shown that significant variation in breast‐feeding behavior exists among natural fertility populations, all of whom have been characterized as practicing “on‐demand” breastfeeding. A number of recent prospective studies have contributed to a better understanding of breastfeeding structure and of its consequences for population differences in fertility. Currently, there is a growing interest in quantifying the complex environme…
Comparison of effects of breast-feeding practices on birth-spacing in three societies: Nomadic Turkana, Gainj, and Quechua
Variation in the duration and pattern of breast-feeding contributes significantly to inter-population differences in fertility. In this paper, measures of suckling frequency and intensity are used to compare the effects of breastfeeding practices on the duration of lactational amenorrhoea, and on the length of the birth interval in three prospective studies undertaken during the 1980s, among Quechua Indians of Peru, Turkana nomads of Kenya, and G…
Correlates of dietary intake of lactating women in South Turkana
Previous studies of nutrition among nomadic pastoralists in South Turkana, Kenya, have suggested that social mechanisms may be used to buffer vulnerable members of the group from acute nutritional stress. During 1989–1990, 24‐hour dietary recall data were collected from 101 lactating women in Ngisonyoka, Turkana. Multivariate regression was then used to quantify the effects of environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic variables on dietary int…
A wild colonial girl: Reconstructing Beatrice Hastings
Cattle Raiding, Cultural Survival, and Adaptability of East African Pastoralists
Since the late 1970s, cattle raiding with automatic weapons has escalated among nomadic herding societies in northern East Africa. We examine the impact of AK47 raiding on the adaptability of Karimojong agropastoralists in northern Uganda. Most notably, raiding is linked to a loss of population resilience in Karamoja, measured in increased mortality of young children and of adult males in their prime reproductive years and decreased female fertil…
Growth of nomadic and settled Turkana infants of northwest Kenya
Turkana tribespeople reside in a semi‐arid savanna ecosystem in northwest Kenya. For over a decade, Ngisonyoka Turkana nomads have been studied within a multidisciplinary framework that embraces ecology, anthropology, and human population biology. Original research objectives of the South Turkana Ecosystem Project were to study nomads longitudinally and within the context of the dry savanna ecosystem. These objectives have been expanded to incorp…
Correlates of breastfeeding frequency among nomadic pastoralists of Turkana, Kenya: A retrospective study
Recent research has shown that significant variation in breast‐feeding behavior exists among natural fertility populations, all of whom have been characterized as practicing “on‐demand” breastfeeding. A number of recent prospective studies have contributed to a better understanding of breastfeeding structure and of its consequences for population differences in fertility. Currently, there is a growing interest in quantifying the complex environme…
Growth of Young Nomadic and Settled Turkana Children
Growth patterns of Turkana nomadic children (N = 333) and settled schoolchildren (N = 280) aged 4 to 9 years were compared. The objective was to assess effects of a sedentary life-style on the growth patterns of Turkana children. Settled children with institutional food support tended to be larger at all ages than nomadic children in most measures of size and body composition. At age 9 years, settled children were 7.5 cm taller than the nomads. W…
Cross‐sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children
In this study, we compare cross‐sectional growth in two Nilotic pastoralist populations, the Turkana and Karimojong of northern East Africa. Until the middle of the 18th century, these two groups constituted one population, and their genetic affinities consequently are assumed to be strong. Known differences in their subsistence practices as well as their recent cultural history allow us to consider the genetic vs. environmental determinants of t…
Milk Has Gone: Dietary Change and Human Adaptability in Karamoja, Uganda
This article examines changes in dietary strategies among Karimojong agropastoralists in northeast Uganda. We recorded food selection, procurement, processing, and consumption in twenty-eight female-headed Karimojong households during a four-month period in 2004. Plant foods comprised the bulk of the diet, whereas less than 12 percent of dietary intake came from the herds. Milk contributed no more than 5 percent of total dietary energy. These fin…
Someone Dies in Your Lap: Structural, Ecological and Political Effects on Child and Maternal Health Care Decisions, Moroto District, Uganda, 2004
In this paper I examine the impact of recent ecological and political events, and of structural inequalities, on child health and maternal utilization of biomedical services in Moroto District, Uganda. Data were collected in 2004 in two communities in Bokora and Mazeniko sub-counties, as part of a study of maternal strategies in a context of extreme environmental and social stress. Children suffered from a range of chronic and preventable illness…
Beer is the cattle of women: Sorghum beer commercialization and dietary intake of agropastoral families in Karamoja, Uganda
Vera Radaslava (Demerec) Dyson-Hudson (1930-2016)
The Grahamstown Festival
Richard Moore Rive (1932–1989)
Women in South African Theatre
(1990). WOMEN IN SOUTH AFRICAN THEATRE. South African Theatre Journal: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 75-87
Growth of Young Nomadic and Settled Turkana Children
Growth patterns of Turkana nomadic children (N = 333) and settled schoolchildren (N = 280) aged 4 to 9 years were compared. The objective was to assess effects of a sedentary life-style on the growth patterns of Turkana children. Settled children with institutional food support tended to be larger at all ages than nomadic children in most measures of size and body composition. At age 9 years, settled children were 7.5 cm taller than the nomads. W…
Telling freedom (From an autobiography in progress)
Problems of Compiling a Collection of Plays of the 1980s
Growth of nomadic and settled Turkana infants of northwest Kenya
Turkana tribespeople reside in a semi‐arid savanna ecosystem in northwest Kenya. For over a decade, Ngisonyoka Turkana nomads have been studied within a multidisciplinary framework that embraces ecology, anthropology, and human population biology. Original research objectives of the South Turkana Ecosystem Project were to study nomads longitudinally and within the context of the dry savanna ecosystem. These objectives have been expanded to incorp…
Comparison of effects of breast-feeding practices on birth-spacing in three societies: Nomadic Turkana, Gainj, and Quechua
Variation in the duration and pattern of breast-feeding contributes significantly to inter-population differences in fertility. In this paper, measures of suckling frequency and intensity are used to compare the effects of breastfeeding practices on the duration of lactational amenorrhoea, and on the length of the birth interval in three prospective studies undertaken during the 1980s, among Quechua Indians of Peru, Turkana nomads of Kenya, and G…
Correlates of dietary intake of lactating women in South Turkana
Previous studies of nutrition among nomadic pastoralists in South Turkana, Kenya, have suggested that social mechanisms may be used to buffer vulnerable members of the group from acute nutritional stress. During 1989–1990, 24‐hour dietary recall data were collected from 101 lactating women in Ngisonyoka, Turkana. Multivariate regression was then used to quantify the effects of environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic variables on dietary int…
A wild colonial girl: Reconstructing Beatrice Hastings
Correlates of breastfeeding frequency among nomadic pastoralists of Turkana, Kenya: A retrospective study
Recent research has shown that significant variation in breast‐feeding behavior exists among natural fertility populations, all of whom have been characterized as practicing “on‐demand” breastfeeding. A number of recent prospective studies have contributed to a better understanding of breastfeeding structure and of its consequences for population differences in fertility. Currently, there is a growing interest in quantifying the complex environme…
Butterfat feeding in early infancy in african populations: New hypotheses
The feeding of butterfat and animal milk to infants during their first 6 months has been documented in a number of pastoralist populations in Africa and elsewhere. In the view of the majority of nutrition scientists and physicians, this practice heightens the risk of malnutrition and infection for the infant. Where these nonbreastmilk foods are used to replace breastmilk, this view certainly is justified. In high-risk populations who use foods su…
Butterfat feeding in early infancy in african populations: New hypotheses
The feeding of butterfat and animal milk to infants during their first 6 months has been documented in a number of pastoralist populations in Africa and elsewhere. In the view of the majority of nutrition scientists and physicians, this practice heightens the risk of malnutrition and infection for the infant. Where these nonbreastmilk foods are used to replace breastmilk, this view certainly is justified. In high-risk populations who use foods su…
Notes on South Africa and Australian Theatre
(1998). Notes on South Africa and Australian Theatre. South African Theatre Journal: Vol. 12, No. 1-2, pp. 172-177
Child Growth and Nutrition in Developing Countries: Priorities for Action
Child Growth and Nutrition in Developing Countries: Priorities for Action Per Pinstrup‐Andersen. David Pelletier. and Harold Alderman. eds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995
A Memory of Loss: Ecological Politics, Local History, and the Evolution of Karimojong Violence
Since early March 1999, deadly confrontations among pastoralists and government forces in northeastern Uganda's Karamoja region have escalated. Raiding and banditry are long-established features of intertribal relations in this region, and government reprisals against such operations date from the colonial period. However, present-day violence has assumed a singular form among the Karimojong, often involving them in the murder and raiding of othe…
Comparison of body composition among settled and nomadic Turkana of Kenya
Adoption of farming along the rivers of Turkana District in Kenya has lead to the settling of traditionally nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana pastoralists. The impact of resulting changes in activity and energy expenditure, disease, and diet have not been investigated previously. This study examines the effects of subsistence transition on body composition of nomadic and settled Turkana. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfolds, circumfere…
Cattle Raiding, Cultural Survival, and Adaptability of East African Pastoralists
Since the late 1970s, cattle raiding with automatic weapons has escalated among nomadic herding societies in northern East Africa. We examine the impact of AK47 raiding on the adaptability of Karimojong agropastoralists in northern Uganda. Most notably, raiding is linked to a loss of population resilience in Karamoja, measured in increased mortality of young children and of adult males in their prime reproductive years and decreased female fertil…
Cross‐sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children
In this study, we compare cross‐sectional growth in two Nilotic pastoralist populations, the Turkana and Karimojong of northern East Africa. Until the middle of the 18th century, these two groups constituted one population, and their genetic affinities consequently are assumed to be strong. Known differences in their subsistence practices as well as their recent cultural history allow us to consider the genetic vs. environmental determinants of t…
Mixed‐longitudinal growth of breastfeeding children in Moroto District, Uganda (Karamoja subregion). A loss of biological resiliency
This study examines the pattern of growth, underlying growth velocity and nutritional status in a sample of thirty breastfeeding Karimojong children, aged from birth to three years. A mixed‐longitudinal structure was adopted for the study, which was carried out between August and December, 2004, in two communities in Moroto District, Uganda. Monthly anthropometric and health examinations were administered to mothers and children during this inter…
Mixed‐longitudinal growth of Karimojong girls and boys in Moroto District, Uganda
In this article we examine results of a mixed‐longitudinal study of child and adolescent growth among agropastoral Karimojong children in Moroto District, northeast Uganda. During a 5‐month period from August to December, 2004, longitudinal data were collected for a mixed sample of 104 Karimojong children, aged from birth to 18 years. During a previous study in 1998–1999,we had measured 26 of these children who then ranged in Age between 3 months…
Longitudinal weight gain of immunized infants and toddlers in Moroto District, Uganda (Karamoja subregion)
This study examines longitudinal weight gain of a sample of 123 immunized children from Moroto District, northeast Uganda. The weight data were combined from two sources: (1) anthropometric examinations carried out between 1998 and 2004 by a research team from the University of Kansas, and (2) weights recorded on children's immunization records by local health care practitioners. Our findings conform generally to the pattern described in previous…
Someone Dies in Your Lap: Structural, Ecological and Political Effects on Child and Maternal Health Care Decisions, Moroto District, Uganda, 2004
In this paper I examine the impact of recent ecological and political events, and of structural inequalities, on child health and maternal utilization of biomedical services in Moroto District, Uganda. Data were collected in 2004 in two communities in Bokora and Mazeniko sub-counties, as part of a study of maternal strategies in a context of extreme environmental and social stress. Children suffered from a range of chronic and preventable illness…
Beer is the cattle of women: Sorghum beer commercialization and dietary intake of agropastoral families in Karamoja, Uganda
Caught on Tape: Dennis Brutus's Questionable Hold on Poet Arthur Nortje
The publication in 2011 of The Dennis Brutus Tapes, edited by Bernth Lindfors from recordings made as early as during the mid-1970s when the South African exile was resident in Austin, Texas, provides a revealing opportunity to comment on the adaptations and evasions the poet and activist made to his life-story subsequently. The focus here is on stressing how Brutus mythologises the reputation of his pupil and fellow poet Arthur Nortje (born 1942…
Geography (13 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (12 works) · History (11 works) · Demography (10 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology (10 works) · Biology (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Art (8 works) · Ecology (7 works)