Claire Drevon
Biographic Data
| ID | 8580100 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Claire Drevon |
| GIVEN NAMES | Claire |
| FAMILY NAME | Drevon |
| SIGNATURE | DREVON C |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 74 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 74 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
I.4/ Entre idéologie et realpolitik: La Judenpolitik allemande dans le Caucase du nord, août-décembre 1942
As part of the “Final Solution” in the North Caucasus, the Germans and their local collaborators murdered the entire Ashkenazi Jewish population. This article concentrates on the last six months of 1942. As in other Soviet regions, researchers’ knowledge about the Holocaust in this part of the world is very rich and constantly expanding.The author begins by outlining the main events of WWII and the Holocaust in the North Caucasus, emphasizing tha…
I.5/ Un secret éternel ? Réflexions et considérations sur l’ Aktion et le Sonderkommando 1005
This article seeks to provide insight into the reach and meaning of the work of the Sonderkommando 1005, a unit that was tasked with covering up the evidence of mass murder in Eastern Europe between the fall of 1942 and September 1944. The operation, which was initiated by Paul Blobel, sought to destroy the bodies of victims killed in concentration camps and the “Holocaust by Bullets.”The author details the steps of the operation, both within the…
Les actions en justice contre les crimes de la Shoah en Yougoslavie: Évolutions locales et impacts internationaux
During the Second World War, Yugoslav Communists followed Soviet patterns and adopted Aron Trianin’s legal ideas when sentencing war criminals. However, as a result of their participation in the United Nations War Crimes Commission, they adapted the commission’s legal framework and a whole set of jurisdictional guidelines and standards and incorporated them into the country’s criminal law code. From this perspective, this paper will analyze Yugos…
I.2/ Alcool, mangeailles et rituels festifs sur les sites de massacres
This article shows and explains the phenomenon of consuming food and alcohol at the sites of massacres in Eastern Europe. Outside of the death camps, researchers, and in particular Patrick Desbois, have shown that vast shooting campaigns were carried out against civil populations, which in large part were Jewish.Drawing on numerous eyewitness accounts, the author explores the festive rituals that accompanied these massacres, and specifically the …
De quelle sorte de récit relève la déposition juridique: Les témoins de Theresienstadt devant les tribunaux tchécoslovaques, autrichiens et allemands
This article examines Theresienstadt survivors who testified repeatedly in legal proceedings connected to the ghetto and how their testimonies changed over time. I also explore why was it only men who were repeatedly asked to testify, and demonstrate how male testimony is constructed as factual, whereas female testimony is portrayed as emotional and harrowing to prove the horrors of the Holocaust. By comparing these legal testimonies to other sel…
I.3/ Le rôle des jeunes tueurs dans la « Shoah par balles »: La participation de la 3 e compagnie du bataillon zbV de la Waffen-SS aux massacres dirigés par le Sonderkommando 4a en Ukraine
In a reflection of the fighting that took place on the front lines, nearly every young German male between the ages of 18 and 22 participated in the Second World War. However, this age group was significantly under-represented among the Germans who directly perpetuated the Holocaust, with the notable exception of the Waffen-SS. Waffen-SS soldiers were deployed for several weeks at a time to participate in executions before they were sent on to th…
Les Juifs de Pologne et les tribunaux d’honneur: Lieux de sanction dans l’immédiat après-guerre, 1945-1948
“I am ready to make the journey,” wrote Henryk Z. in 1948 in a letter to the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. Having left Poland after the Kielce pogrom, Henryk Z. was in the process of rebuilding his life as a DP in Stuttgart and awaiting further emigration approval. Nevertheless, he was volunteering to return to Poland to testify against a fellow Jewish survivor, a member of the Radom Judenrat, whom he accused of sending his wife to her d…
Documentation historique pendant la guerre froide: L’histoire du livre de Jenő Lévai, Eichmann en Hongrie (1961)
This study reconstructs the history of Hungarian journalist Jenő Lévai’s book Eichmann in Hungary published in the political context of the Jerusalem trial in 1961. By doing so, it will shed light on the historically given social conditions of historical documentation, particularly on the institutional aspects of the actor’s agency and the political context. This perspective has two major characteristics. First, it follows the subject of Lévai as…
II.3. La coexistence et ses limites: La jeunesse juive française et le régime de Vichy
Despite Vichy’s role in the Holocaust, historians specialized in the Vichy regime and the Jewish people have acknowledged for several years that some of the government’s policies did favor certain parts of the Jewish population at one time or another. This does not mean, contrary to the opinions of those seeking to present Vichy in an overly flattering light, that the regime enacted a deliberate policy to benefit and even rescue Jews. To understa…
Vers des histoires transnationales de la Shoah: Le cas des relations sociales dans l’Europe de l’Est
This synthesis examines the historiography of the Holocaust and offers new interpretations of the complex interactions between Nazi Germany, local populations, and Jews in Eastern Europe between 1939 and 1945. In opposition to an increasingly forceful revisionist approach taking hold in Eastern Europe and the Baltic states, recent studies, primarily produced by the English-speaking world, have rightfully turned the spotlight away from Germans and…
Les prisonniers juifs dans les camps de concentration: Les instruments de la terreur et de la politique antisémite d’exclusion dans l’Allemagne nazie
Henry Ford and the Jews
You will read in the passages that follow that “Heinrich” Ford was a role model for the ascendant Adolf Hitler from his days in Munich at the dawn of the 1920s. Displayed upon the coffee table in the reception room of National Socialist German Workers’ Party headquarters were free copies of Ford’s “investigation of the Jewish Question,” an anthology of articles from The Dearborn Independent, his personal newspaper : Der internationale Jude, ein W…
Un manuel de fantasmagories racistes: L’influence de l’ariosophie sur le Mein Kampf de Hitler
This article addresses the roots of the racialist fantasies found in the pages of Mein Kampf, which were among Hitler’s earliest influences in Vienna and Linz. It discusses the role of racial occultists like Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels and Guido von List, the chief ideologues of the virulently anti-Semitic Ariosophy movement. It also discusses the role played by the Austrian Catholic church and its unique currents of clerical populism and religious …
Les relations entre Auschwitz et l’environnement extérieur, l’économie et la société
Après Holocaust: La Shoah dans la fiction télévisée en Italie et en France : interprétation comparée de la mémoire et de la représentation collective (1979-2011)
The article explores the representation of the Holocaust in Italian and French television miniseries, made-for-TV films and docufictions since the broadcast of the miniseries Holocaust in 1979. Most of the works discussed in this article have one underlying theme: the relationship between France and Italy and the Holocaust. This is inflected in a series of conceptual couples, such as guilt and innocence, collaboration and resistance, rescue and c…
Formes hybrides dans la littérature italienne sur la Shoah
The essay presents a survey of the field of Italian-language Holocaust literature from the early postwar years to the present. It notes the parallel emergence of the two major axes of Holocaust writing, testimony and fiction, and describes the tensions and similarities between them. It then challenges the model for understanding Holocaust literature that is dominated by these two genres. The essay suggests that from the earliest written responses…
La Seconde Guerre mondiale et les Juifs du Yémen
The author seeks to understand why Nazi propaganda barely reached Yemen and why the global events that took place between the wars spared the Jews of Yemen. This situation can only be understood in light of Yemen’s relative isolation during that period
Nouvelle lecture de La Statue de sel d’Albert Memmi
The author aims to present writer and sociologist Albert Memmi’s understanding of World War II and the way that Memmi expressed this understanding in his important novel, The Pillar of Salt. The book was published in 1953 at a time when most Jews still lived in Tunisia and the memory of the war was still very fresh
Meguilat Hitler – Le Rouleau de Hitler
La résistance du 8 novembre 1942 en Algérie
In this paper, the author seeks to describe the role played by the Jews in the anti-Vichy resistance movement in Algeria during the war by consulting unpublished sources. The author also aims to evaluate the place that this resistance occupies in the historical memory of the Jews of Algeria
Les Juifs de Tunisie sous le régime de Vichy et sous l’occupation allemande, octobre 1940-mai 1943: L’attitude des autorités et de l’environnement
L’aide aux réfugiés juifs du Maroc pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
This article studies the two main Jewish refugee aid committees: the Tangier committee and the Casablanca committee. That said, aid also came from other cities, such as Mogador, Marrakesh, Meknes and Fez. Community leaders constantly made sure that refugee aid was on the agenda and they responded favorably to requests for assistance and cooperation by the main organized committees in Casablanca and Tangier.Morocco was not a country where Jewish e…
Le Farhoud: Pogrom à Bagdad
The Farhud constitutes a foundational event in the historical memory of the Jews of Iraq. Following a troubled period in the 1930s, the pogrom, which was the largest pogrom on Arab soil of the 20th century, sealed the divorce between the Jews and the nation where they had been among the most longstanding inhabitants
L’influence de la Seconde Guerre mondiale sur les relations judéo-arabes en Libye et en Tunisie
Relations between the Jewish diaspora and the majority Muslim societies in Libya and Tunisia underwent a dramatic shift during World War II. The majority of Jews, aware of the recent conflict, joined the Zionist movement. The Arabs and the Jews took two separate paths, each of them reinforcing their national identity.There were several reasons why the Jews distanced themselves from Muslim society. In addition to the political atmosphere, there wa…
L’Allemagne nazie dans la poésie populaire des Juifs de Tunisie
The author presents two poems composed in Tunisia that describe Hitler’s rise to power. This brief presentation illustrates the powerful echo of the events in Europe that was felt by all the Jewish communities of the Arab Middle East, in particular in the most literate countries, such as Tunisia
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Qui criait au loup ? Comment Zeev Jabotinsky perçut-il l’Allemagne nazie et son projet
Both Israeli historians concentrate on proving what, according to them, is nothing but a myth created by adepts of revisionist Zionism : the legend of an extra-clairvoyant Jabotinsky who foresaw the rise of Nazi Germany and the fate of European Jewry.Quoting chapter and verse, they try to prove a contrario Jabotinsky’s ambiguity, i.e. his alternating between well-founded inquietude concerning the fate of the Jews, and his catastrophic underestima…
Les réactions des sionistes religieux dans la Palestine mandataire face à la révolte du ghetto de Varsovie
The author covers the reactions of the Orthodox Zionists (Mizrahi) to the Holocaust. She throws light on the debate that then occurred on the legitimacy of the uprising (and therefore of the use of violence), emphasizing at the same time the importance of religious resistance to the Genocide.Eschkoli demonstrates how this tragic debate within the Yishuv, far from dealing with abstractions, concerned the ideological worlds to which these women and…
Les Juifs d’Israël et l’Agence juive face à la Shoah: Réactions publiques
Le sionisme au bord de l’abîme, 1941-1942
The author demonstrates how the Yishuv’s Zionist leadership had to confront the terrifying news arriving from the European continent ; how far this leadership believed what they heard and how important it considered the facts revealed to them. Cohen also considers how this influenced the development of a national homeland, itself threatened. She depicts the abyss separating the policies of an often powerless Zionist Executive and the struggle of …
Réaction des quotidiens juifs d’Eretz Israël à l’accession d’Hitler au pouvoir en 1933
Benny Morris relates how the Yishuv’s Jewish press reacted to Hitler’s take over of Germany. He also deals with the issue of the Jewish-German communities’ defense needs after January 30th, 1933. Although the Yishuv’s ambitions are huge, its actual means are tiny. In its confrontation with Nazi Germany, Askenazi identity which overwhelmingly dominated the local scene, was limited in its efforts by the obsessive concepts of “Culture”. It is precis…
Hannah Arendt et Haïm Gouri. Deux perceptions du procès Eichmann
A long and justified standing controversy exists on the Eichmann Trial and the historiography of the Holocaust. Shapira details here with another aspect of the debate, the often delayed effect of this trial on Israeli society. Using two different individuals present in the audience, at the 1961 Eichmann Jerusalem Trial : the American Hannah Arendt and the Israeli Haim Guri, the author reveals the empathy concept, thus allowing us to apprehend why…
La poésie d’Uri Zvi Greenberg et la Shoah
The bilingual Hebrew/Yiddish poet, Uri Zvi Greenberg (1896-1983) was born into a distinguished and observant Hasidic family in East Galicia. He began to write in the two languages in 1912, and immediately displayed a tendency towards a sense of personal mission to impart a divine message. Having experienced the horrors of war at their most extreme, his poetry is imbued with the language of violence combined with a nostalgia for a distant and glor…
Les dirigeants juifs face à la mort
The article analyzes the evolution of historiography on Jewish leadership during the Holocaust. It shows that the beginnings of research were anchored in the immediate post-war disputes in the Jewish community regarding the behaviour of the Jewish leaders, and that it was coloured by moral evaluations. Conceptually, it was shaped under the impact of the “intentionalist” perception of Nazi anti-Jewish policies and equated Jewish Councils with “Jew…
La politique de l’Allemagne contre les juifs de Grèce: L’extermination de la communauté juive de Salonique (1941-1944)
Rena Molho, Historian and Professor at the University of Athens, is the worldwide specialist of the history of the Jews in Greece. In her essay, she explains how, in two years – and unlike the fate of the Jews of Athens – the largest Jewish population of the Greek world, “the Jerusalem of the Balkans”, Thessaloniki, was murdered by Nazi Germany, often helped – more in Thessaloniki than anywhere else in Greece – by local accomplices.The destructio…
La rivalité franco-allemande et l’« aryanisation »: Adoption d’une nouvelle politique en France (1940-1944)
La saisie des biens juifs en Roumanie
Confiscation of Jewish property by the fascist regime in Romania during the Holocaust years was the fulfillment of an old anti-Semitic plan of the nationalist and anti-Semitic movements, not an imitation of the Nazi-German “Arization” action. This paper deals with the seizure of Jewish property in various parts of Romania according to the different fate of the Jews in those areas.Nationalization by anti-Semitic and racial legislation, confiscatio…
L’historiographie du procès Eichmann
L’historien et la recherche sur l’antisémitisme
L’historiographie israélienne de la Shoah: History of Holocaust’s historical research in Israel, 1945-1980
Sur la spécificité de la place des femmes dans la Shoah: Fondements théoriques d’une analyse
This article has two aims : to state systematically how gender mattered during the Holocaust, and to show how the analysis of gender contributes to a richer understanding of the Holocaust.We identify and discuss four sources of gender differences during the Holocaust. They are :Pre-war roles and responsibilities of men and women ;Anticipatory reactions of Jews to Nazi treatment of men and women ;German Policy and their treatment of men and women …
Témoignages sur la violence coloniale: La campagne internationale menée dans l’entre-deux-guerres contre le travail forcé
Testimonies on colonial violence : the international campaign against forced labor in the period between the two World WarsIn June 1925, a troublesome report arrived at the Temporary Commission on Slavery (League of Nations) detailing generalized acts of violence which were taking place in Angola and Mozambique – Portuguese territories and thus directly under European control – while this very Commission was considering how to end such practices.…
Les Juifs en Allemagne sous le régime nazi dans l’historiographie israélienne
The article describes and analyzes the development of the Israeli historiography of German Jewry in the Nazi era. The beginning of the Israeli research in this field was part of the initiative of the Leo Baeck Institute (LBI) in Jerusalem – an organization that was established by former German Jewish Zionist leaders. Whereas the mainstream in Israeli historiography in the 1950s and 1960s tended to deal in general terms with questions regarding th…
L’individualisation de la Shoah: Politique, mémoire et historiographie
Recherche sur la Shoah et historiographie juive: Influences réciproques
The article examines how and to what extent the knowledge of the Holocaust has influenced the ways in which historians of the Jews represent the pre-Holocaust Jewish past. It posits that such influence has been virtually nil. In fact, it has become axiomatic among historians of modern Jewry that the Holocaust not only fails as a source of new insights but actually impedes proper understanding of the modern Jewish experience. This axiom has develo…
Les archives de Yad Vashem: Un outil essentiel de la recherche sur la Shoah
The article presents history of the Yad Vashem Archives, its main projects and departments related to collection of documents on the Holocaust. Since the establishment of Yad Vashem in 1953, the Yad Vashem Archives was one of the main departments of Yad Vashem. Nevertheless, collections of documents on the Holocaust preceded the formal establishment of this institution. Gathering all possible material on the Holocaust was not only written in the …
Polémique sur la résistance juive pendant la Shoah: Documentation et recherche en Israël dans les premières années
L’historiographie orthodoxe et la Shoah: Ses répercussions dans le monde universitaire
The article is dealing with different aspects of the orthodox historiography and the Holocaust research. It first exposes the principles of orthodox writing that fundamentally differ from the academic principles. This text aims at exposing an alternative narrative in order to establish the heritage of the past as an ideal and a model when it does not have to stand up to the level of authentication required by the standards of the modern research.…
La recherche sur la Shoah: Existe-t-il une « école israélienne »
This article shows that a particular school of Holocaust studies did indeed develop in Israel, with clear lineaments and distinct leaders. This “Israeli School” was a new avatar of the “Jerusalem School” of Jewish history, as it evolved during the 1920s and 1930s at the Hebrew University. It emphasizes the Jews as a living collective and views anti-Semitism as an existential datum of European culture that also explains the Holocaust. This school …
Est-ce bien (la nature de) l’homme: L’image de l’homme dans l’écriture autobiographique pendant et après la Shoah
La Shoah dans la trame générale de l’histoire d’Israël à l’époque contemporaine: Approches et dilemmes des principaux historiens
Political science (51 works) · Art (48 works) · History (35 works) · Law (32 works) · Philosophy (32 works) · Humanities (31 works) · French Historical and Cultural Studies (28 works) · The Holocaust (24 works) · Judaism (23 works) · Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies (22 works)