Rutledge M Dennis
Biographic Data
| ID | 85830 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rutledge M Dennis |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rutledge M |
| FAMILY NAME | Dennis |
| SIGNATURE | DENNIS R M |
| AFFILIATIONS | George Mason University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 44 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Nationalism
Arranged over five volumes and containing some 700 entries, this comprehensive and authoritative encyclopedia addresses some of the most vital and practical issues of the twenty first century Includes entries written by experts from across the social sciences and humanities, as well as other disciplines Global in scope with more contributors from Africa, China, Japan, Latin America, the Middle East, Russia, and South Asia than any other reference…
D u B ois, W. E. B
W. E. B. Du Bois was among the early pioneers of sociology. He is also an acknowledged preeminent classical sociological theorist, as well as the founding father of the sociology of race and racism, the sociology of black America, and the sociology of ethnicity and the sociology of cultural pluralism. His profound and far‐ranging imaginative prescience has had unforeseen and far‐ranging consequences for subsequent studies of race and ethnic relat…
Du Bois, W.E.B. (1868–1963)
W.E.B. Du Bois (William Edward Burghardt Du Bois) (1868–1963) was a sociologist, historian, and philosopher, born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He attended Fisk University, where he received his BA in 1888, then received a second BA from Harvard University in 1890, from which he was also awarded an MA (1891) and PhD (1895) with the dissertation, “The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638–1870.” Between…
Reparations
Reparations refer to the actions of an aggrieved nation, group, or individual to seek redresses and compensations for the loss of land, money, works of art, jewelry, or other valuable objects, due to the actions of a country, group, or another individual. The claim of those seeking redresses or reparations is that their property was knowingly and willfully stolen and they now seek a just payment for their loss
Double Consciousness
The sociological use of the term “double consciousness” differs from its psychological usage, in that the former provides a framework for understanding and analyzing the challenges and dilemmas created by power and status inequality evident in dominant–subordinate relations. Though Du Bois initially proposed the term to describe the contradictions in black American life, the term has been used to refer to the power and status inequality surroundi…
Marginality
The concept and experience of marginality are as old as human history, for historically there have already been groups which have, for many reasons, been excluded, exploited, and punished by groups larger, with more military might, and keepers of the flame of myths and mythologies which accrue them inordinate powers vis‐à‐vis other groups. This marginal position may be the cause of, or the result of, differential power distribution. In either cas…
Massive Resistance
When the Supreme Court issued its Brown v. Board of Education decision declaring an end to segregated schools, the South, under the banner of “massive resistance” challenged the ruling and declared that the South would resist any attempt to desegregate Southern schools. Labelling racial segregation as a part of its Southern heritage, Virginia sought to rally the South and threatened to close all public schools rather than desegregate. Despite the…
Du Bois: Talented Tenth
At crucial moments in a people's history, the question “What is to be done?” is raised. Alongside this question, additional questions will follow, such as “Who will do it, when, and how?” When one explores such works as Plato's Republic , Machiavelli's The Prince , Comte's Course in Positive Philosophy , Marx and Engel's Communist Manifesto , and Edward W. Blyden's The People of Africa , one is deeply aware of the sense of crisis expressed by the…
Accommodation
The act of accommodation entails a process more similar to an art rather than a science. With respect to individual to individual and group to group relations, those involved must constantly weigh situations, interactions, and relations, historical and contemporary, and try, as best they can, to have their actions and attitudes fit and reflect specific ongoing events. The term accommodation has been used to describe intergroup relations between d…
Separatism
One of the ironies of contemporary life, and perhaps a double irony of the current thrust towards globalization, is the concurrent impetus towards separatism in its various forms and dimensions. The impetus may stem from a desire of a dominant group to separate itself from minority groups so as to protect its way of life; conversely, a minority group may wish to separate itself from the controls of the larger dominant group
Double Consciousness
The sociological use of the term “double consciousness” differs from its psychological usage, in that the former provides a framework for understanding and analyzing the challenges and dilemmas created by power and status inequality evident in dominant–subordinate relations. Though Du Bois initially proposed the term to describe the contradictions in black American life, the term has been used to refer to the power and status inequality surroundi…
Accommodation
The process of accommodation is more an art than a science. This is so because those involved in the act, or actions, of give and take must constantly weigh situations, interactions, and relations, historical and contemporary, and try, as best they can, to have their actions and attitudes fit and reflect specific ongoing events. The term has been used to describe intergroup relations between dominant and nondominant groups, and between the powerf…
M ays, B enjamin (1894–1984)
Benjamin Elijah Mays was a gifted educator and religious leader born to tenant farmers who were former slaves. The youngest of eight children, Mays was determined to chart a new course for himself that would intricately link him to the collective black population as well as the larger American nation. Mays made a mark in society both with black Americans and white Americans, exemplifying good character, hard work, and determination. Such positive…
Massive Resistance
When the US Supreme Court issued its Brown v. the Board of Education decision declaring an end to segregated schools, the south, under the banner of “massive resistance” challenged the ruling and declared that the south would resist any attempt to desegregate southern schools. Labelling racial segregation as a part of its southern heritage, Virginia sought to rally the south and threatened to close all public schools rather than desegregate. Desp…
Veil
The concept of “the veil” has been used as a metaphor by many fiction and nonfiction writers to represent and describe individual and societal actions, values, and activities. More specifically, the term has been used to describe the covers, barriers, and shields limiting—and in some cases oppressing—the ability to see the individual self, or the society, in a clearer and more objective manner. From this perspective, the veil has been used to des…
E llison, R alph (1914–94)
Ralph Ellison was one of the most gifted novelists, essayists, and cultural critics of the twentieth century. His major contributions included the critique of the role of black folklore and literature in black life, the uses of black cultural expressions such as jazz, the blues, and the spirituals in shaping American aesthetics, and his analysis of the intricate, complex, and conflictive relations between the black subculture and the larger white…
Black Aesthetics
Questions related to the definition of art, the function of art, the role of creative artists (in music, painting, sculpture, and literature), and the population to whom the works of art are directed have been the subject of much debate and criticism, from Plato to the present. The concept of black aesthetics addresses and delineates the meanings, interpretations, goals, and objectives asserted by black artists engaged in the process of creating …
D u B ois, W . E . B . (1868–1963)
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was a sociologist, historian, and philosopher born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He attended Fisk University, where he received his BA in 1888; then he received a second BA from Harvard University in 1890, which also awarded him an MA in 1891 and a PhD in 1895 for the dissertation The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638–1870 . Between 1892 and 1894 Du Bois studied at …
Masking (Wearing the Mask)
Masking as concealment, disguise, and role‐playing is deeply embedded in human history. In the modern era, the idea of masking, with these associations, is central to discussions of social inequity and dynamics of power maldistribution. This entry approaches the masking process as Janus‐headed and dialectical—since masking was adopted by both dominant and nondominant individuals and groups—and as situational. Masking entails the assumption of a “…
R obeson, P aul L eroy (1898–1976)
Paul Robeson was a “Renaissance man” whose excellence was displayed in the academy, in sports, in the theater, in films, and in the arena of international social and human rights. In each of these endeavors he sought to excel as an individual and to make this into a model of excellence for black people, in the United States and abroad. Understanding this two‐pronged objective permits a review of race, power, and domination as central ideas underg…
Separatism
One of the ironies of contemporary life, and perhaps a double irony of the current thrust towards globalization, is the concurrent, and contradictory, impetus towards separatism in its various forms and dimensions. The impetus may stem from a desire of a dominant group to separate itself from minority groups so as to protect its way of life; conversely, a minority group may wish to separate itself from the controls of the larger dominant group.
E llington, D uke (1899–1974)
Duke Ellington was America's most celebrated composer, pianist, and orchestra leader. For almost fifty years he composed and arranged music that captured the mood and tempo of the ever‐changing American social, cultural, political, and economic landscape. Ellington placed a particular emphasis on the wit, joys, hopes, and sorrows of African Americans. He captured the spirit and consciousness of a people and illustrated how this shaped the social …
Marginality
The concept and experience of marginality are as old as human history, for historically there have already been groups which have, for many reasons, been excluded, exploited, and punished by groups larger, with more military might, and keepers of the flame of myths and mythologies which accrue them inordinate powers vis‐à‐vis other groups. This marginal position may be the cause of, or the result of differential power distribution. In either case…
Reparations
Reparations refer to the actions of an aggrieved nation, group, or individual to seek redresses and compensations for the loss of land, money, works of art, jewelry, or other valuable objects, due to the actions of a country, group, or another individual. The claim of those seeking redresses or reparations is that their property was knowingly and willfully stolen and they now seek a just payment for their loss.
Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Nationalism
Social Darwinism, Scientific Racism, and the Metaphysics of Race
Tracing the philosophical underpinnings of scientific racism from the early work of hereditarians Darwin, Spencer, and Sumner, to the intelligence testing movement led by Galton and Binet, and lastly to the contemporary race and IQ studies of Jensen, Herrnstein, and Murray, this article maintains that science is often used as a justification to propose, project, and enact racist social policies. It begins with a review of the philosophy of Social…
Black-White Differences in Religiosity: Item Analyses and A Formal Structural Test
Data collected as part of the Middletown project in Muncie, Indiana, are used to test both structural and magnitude differences between black and white dimensions of religiosity. The analysis of Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL) handles a number of potential problems more adequately than the traditional factor analytic approach. Four dimensions are examined: personal religious behavior, belief orthodoxy, ritual involvement, and consequenti…
Convergences and divergences in race theorizing: A Critical Assessment of Race Formation Theory and Systemic Racism Theory
Attempts to conceptualize and capture the subtleties and nuances of race and racism continue unabated in sociology, the social sciences and the humanities. That this is so speaks volumes regarding
Prominent Sociologists since World War II
Sociological Theory: Historical and Formal
Science, Knowledge, and Values: A Response to Mack Jones
Du Bois and the Role of the Educated Elite
Prejudice Versus Discrimination: An Empirical Example and Theoretical Extension
The present research attempts to determine if the notion of separate theories for prejudice and discrimination, as put forth by Rose, is viable. The paper examines, as a result of differential responses to selected situational variables, some of the reasons why nonprejudiced subjects discriminate against blacks and prejudiced subjects do not. The situational variables (social constraint and social distance) were experimentally introduced in a fie…
I. Q. and Race
Prominent Sociologists since World War II
Science, Knowledge, and Values: A Response to Mack Jones
Du Bois and the Role of the Educated Elite
Sociological Theory: Historical and Formal
The Role of an Urban Elite in a Municipal Annexation Dispute
This study examines the racial politics involved in the 1970 annexation by Richmond, Virginia, of 23 square miles and 47,000 people from Chesterfield County. The annexation was initialed by a small, hut powerful group of individuals who were alarmed by the growth of the city’s black population and the prospect that blacks could acquire a majority on the city council. The study concentrates on the events of the 1960’s which culminated in the annex…
Black-White Differences in Religiosity: Item Analyses and A Formal Structural Test
Data collected as part of the Middletown project in Muncie, Indiana, are used to test both structural and magnitude differences between black and white dimensions of religiosity. The analysis of Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL) handles a number of potential problems more adequately than the traditional factor analytic approach. Four dimensions are examined: personal religious behavior, belief orthodoxy, ritual involvement, and consequenti…
The classics revisited
Elliot Rudwick, W.E.B. DUBOIS: VOICE OF THE BLACK PROTEST MOVEMENT, Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1982, 400pp., $10.95 (paper
In Their Own Interests: Race, Class, and Power in 20th-Century Norfolk, Virginia.Earl Lewis
Race and ethnicity in research methods
Social Darwinism, Scientific Racism, and the Metaphysics of Race
Tracing the philosophical underpinnings of scientific racism from the early work of hereditarians Darwin, Spencer, and Sumner, to the intelligence testing movement led by Galton and Binet, and lastly to the contemporary race and IQ studies of Jensen, Herrnstein, and Murray, this article maintains that science is often used as a justification to propose, project, and enact racist social policies. It begins with a review of the philosophy of Social…
The Black Middle Class: Research in Race and Ethnic Relations, Vol. 8
The Black Intellectuals
Intellectuals and social structure, Rutledge M. Dennis. Part 1 Toward a theory of black intellectuals: black intellectuals and others - a critical survey, Harold W. Cruse radical black intellectual thought, John N. Stanfield. Part 2 Race, class and capitalism: racism and capitalism - the critical theories of Oliver Cox, Doris Y. Wilkinson C.L.R. James and nationalism in the Caribbean, Stefano Harney Du Bois and the dialectics of nationalism and i…
Dual Marginality and the Intersecting Paradoxes of Race, Class, and Gender
threads together so well that we follow the connections between those seemingly disparate parts; at other times, the reader is left hanging. Perhaps not since Du Bois' Souls of Black Folk, have we had a book that so cogently and consistently illustrates a social scientist's ability to personalize his life and the events of his life and those around him, and to frame and explain those lives within a social theory whose components entail micro and …
Marginality, Power and Social Structure: Issues in Race, Class, and Gender Analysis
Racial Politics of Booker T. Washington
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1868–1963)
W. E. B. Du Bois was a sociologist and historian, born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Though he wanted to attend Harvard after high school, the lack of funds and the advice of a few of his teachers dissuaded him, so, instead, he attended Fisk, where he received his BA in 1888. He received a second BA from Harvard University in 1890, from where he also awarded an MA (1891) and a PhD (1895) with the dissertation “The Suppression of the African…
Massive Resistance
American society has long resisted the idea of creating a truly egalitarian society. This was first noted in the early nineteenth century in one of the earliest comprehensive studies of the United States when Alexis de Tocqueville wrote that America's ability and willingness to confront its racial and color divide would determine its very survival. Toqueville's study took on added meaning later in the century as North and South engaged in a blood…
Separatism
The concept of separatism refers to the idea that racial, ethnic, cultural, religious, political, and linguistic differences, when accompanied by a legacy of oppression, exclusion, persecution, and discrimination, are justifications for groups to terminate their political and legal ties to other groups. Generally, the ultimate aim of the termination is the establishment or reestablishment of control over a specific territory in order to establish…
Reparations
Reparations refer to the actions of an aggrieved nation, group, or individual to seek redresses and compensations for the loss of land, money, works of art, jewelry, or other valuable objects, due to the actions of a country, group, or another individual. The claim of those seeking redresses or reparations is that their property was knowingly and willfully stolen and they now seek a just payment for their loss. In the United States the major dema…
Du Bois: Talented Tenth
At crucial moments in a people's history, the question “What is to be done?” is raised. Alongside this question, additional questions will follow, such as “Who will do it, when, and how?” When one explores such works as Plato's Republic , Machiavelli's The Prince , Comte's Course in Positive Philosophy , and Marx's Communist Manifesto , one is deeply aware of the sense of crisis expressed by the writers and the urgency with which they raised the …
Marginality
The concept of marginality was first introduced by Robert Park (1928) and explained, almost as a minor theme, in Park's analysis of the causes and consequences of human migrations. In his article, Park referred to a “new type of personality” which was emerging out of rapid human migratory patterns during the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, and how they would affect present and future relations between groups. The…
Accommodation
Accommodation was one of the four features of Robert Park and Ernest Burgess's model of social interaction. Though the concept illustrated racial and ethnic social changes taking place in the United States and the rest of the world during the last half of the nineteenth century and the first two or three decades of the twentieth, and for this reason lacks a certain relevance today, there are still aspects of the term, as defined by Park and Burge…
Double Consciousness
When W. E. B. Du Bois introduced the concept of “double consciousness” in his literary and autobiographical masterpiece, The Souls of Black Folk (1903), the idea of doubleness was already a major motif in the literary works of Dostoevsky, Stevenson, Melville, Conrad, Poe, and Goethe. Likewise, the term had been addressed in the psychological and philosophical writings of Nietzsche, Dewey, and James. For both groups, the merger of doubleness and c…
Sociology (42 works) · Political science (34 works) · Law (25 works) · Gender Studies (23 works) · Philosophy (21 works) · Race, History, and American Society (17 works) · Epistemology (16 works) · History (13 works) · Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice (12 works) · Politics (12 works)