Karen Leonard
Biographic Data
| ID | 86000 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karen Leonard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karen |
| FAMILY NAME | Leonard |
| SIGNATURE | LEONARD K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Irvine |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 67 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 163 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 66 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Teaching in Higher Education after Covid-19: Optimizing Faculty Time and Effort Using a Proposed Model
We propose a model for use in higher education after COVID-19 that addresses how to organize class methods for effective and efficient teaching outcomes for both students and instructors. Faculty have a finite amount of time that they may spend on their courses and must determine which time combinations produce the best outcomes. First, we discuss the key work-related challenges faced by faculty and contend that competing demands on faculty time …
Changes over time: Punjabis, Punjabi Mexicans, and Sikhs in North America
Although post-1965 Punjabi Sikh immigrants are inclined to disavow the Punjabi Mexican community formed by the earlier Punjabi diaspora, and claim the earlier diaspora as a Sikh diaspora, arguably the earlier Punjabi diaspora was a cosmopolitan one and the later diaspora a Sikh transnational and religious one. But the Punjabi Mexican community, now mainstream American, is being acclaimed well beyond the borders of its descendants
Inheritance, Marriage and Adoption: Changing Judicial Practices in Hyderabad State
Teachers' oral proficiency: What happens after they graduate
The Challenge Developing Advanced speaking proficiency in the TL is an important goal for teacher candidates. However, what happens after they begin teaching? Do in‐service teachers' proficiency levels improve, remain the same, or decline over time? How can teachers maintain or improve their proficiency
Interview: Krishna Kaur, Minister of the Sikh Dharma and Teacher of Kundalini Yoga
This interview below with Krishna Kaur, aka Black Krishna, a student of Yogi Bhajan, President of the International Association of Black Yoga Teachers, and a minister of the Sikh Dharma, was conduc
Examining the relationship between decoding and comprehension in L2 listening
South Asian American millennial marriages: Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims
South Asian American millennial Sikhs, like millennial Hindus and Muslims, demonstrate a widening range of partner choices, marriage rituals, and celebratory practices. For young Sikh Americans, the roles of the bride and groom in planning their weddings are increasingly important, as are the cultural or secular aspects of the weddings. Furthermore, rather than considering community, the young people are emphasizing individual choice. These concl…
Islam in America By Jonathan Curiel
This engaging overview is well written, pulling the reader in with opening anecdotes and perspectives that are often original. The author is a journalist and has interviewed interesting American Muslims; he misses a few important scholarly sources but other books direct attention to them. This is a popular rather than scholarly account, and that makes it a valuable addition to the available literature on Islam and Muslims in America. Curiel start…
Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America by Vivek Bald (review)
Reviewed by: Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America by Vivek Bald Karen Leonard Vivek Bald. Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2013. 320 pp. $35.00. Vivek Bald has produced a masterful history of pioneer South Asian men and their women and children, mostly Bengali Muslim men who were peddlers in New Orleans and ex-seamen in New York. His painstaking research and fine writing …
Political players: Courtesans of Hyderabad
Important recent works on the Mughal state and women in the Indo-Muslim world have not considered courtesans or tawa’ifs, the singing and dancing women employed by Indo-Muslim states and nobles, to be significant participants in politics and society. Drawing on detailed archival data from late nineteenth century Hyderabad state and other historical materials, I argue that courtesans were often elite women, cultural standard-setters and wielders o…
From Goswami rajas to Goswami caste in Hyderabad
Much has been written about Goswamis or Gosains as ascetics, but little has been written about their evolution into a caste, an endogamous marriage network with women and children. Coming from northern India to Hyderabad as sanyasis, male ascetics tracing lines of spiritual succession from guru to chela, Goswamis lived in maths, ostensibly without women or biological heirs. Goswami lineages established themselves as banking houses in Begum Bazar …
Palmer and Company: An Indian Banking Firm in Hyderabad State
Although the misreading of Hyderabad's early nineteenth century banking firm, Palmer and Company, as scandalous, illegal, and usurious in its business practices was contested at the time in Hyderabad, and at the highest levels of the East India Company in both Calcutta and London, such conspiracy theories have prevailed and are here challenged. The Eurasian William Palmer and his partner, the Gujarati banker, Benkati Das, are best understood as i…
Subjugated nomads: The Lambadas under the rule of the Nizams - By Bhangya Bhukya
Indo-Muslim Cultures in Transition
Hindu temples in Hyderabad: State patronage and politics in South Asia
This article argues that Hindu temples in Hyderabad, a city in a territory ruled by\nMuslims from the fourteenth century until the 1948 incorporation of the princely state\nof Hyderabad into independent India, were resources in a multi-religious landscape,\ninstitutions that reflected the political power of their patrons and often performed functions\nfor the state. Temples were built and managed as part of the Indo-Muslim or\nMughlai urban court…
Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam by Akbar Ahmed
Family Firms in Hyderabad: Gujarati, Goswami, and Marwari Patterns of Adoption, Marriage, and Inheritance
Scholars are looking again at banking and mercantile families in India's early modern history, responding to the challenge issued by Claude Markovits in the epilogue of his 2008 volume,Merchants, Traders, Entrepreneurs, to 'return the merchant to South Asian history.' Some of the underlying assumptions and questions being asked are old and some are new. My own longstanding assumption, upon which this article relies, has been that bankers and merc…
The Silk Road Renewed? South Asian Entrepreneurs in Uzbekistan
The Problem After Uzbekistan gained its independence in 1991, South Asian capitalists (Indians, Pakistanis, and Afghans) flocked to it and other struggling Central Asian economies, bringing capital, information, and technology. 1 Given that earlier, certainly in Mughal times (the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries), 2 and indeed pretty much until British, Russian, and Chinese political rivalry led to the suspension of close relations between …
Missing: Youth, Citizenship, and Empire after 9/11 by Sunaina Marr Maira
Muslim Diaspora: Gender, Culture and Identity ed by Haideh Moghissi
Book Review| July 01 2008 Muslim Diaspora: Gender, Culture and Identity ed by Haideh Moghissi Muslim Diaspora: Gender, Culture and Identity, Moghissi, Haideh, ed. New York: Routledge, 2006. Pp. xxv, 238. ISBN 9780415770811. Karen Leonard Karen Leonard University of California, Irvine Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Middle East Women's Studies (2008) 4 (2): 111–114. https://doi.org/10.2979/MEW.2008.4.2.111 Cit…
Transnationalism, Diaspora, Translation: Comparing Punjabis and Hyderabadis abroad
Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad
This book is a comparative study of Hyderabadi emigrants settling in Pakistan, the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, Canada, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates at the end of the twentieth century. Based on ten years of fieldwork and extensive interviews, it traces Hyderabadi culture and institutions in these places of settlement, looking at the different versions of Hyderabadi history transmitted and the personal networks and collec…
American Muslims and Authority: Competing Discourses in a Non-Muslim State
Research Article| October 01 2005 American Muslims and Authority: Competing Discourses in a Non-Muslim State Karen Leonard Karen Leonard Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2005) 25 (1): 5–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501661 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Karen Leonard; American Muslims and Authority: Competing Discourses…
Indo-Muslim Music, Poetry, and Dance in North America
Here, we contrast several types of Indo-Muslim cultural performances in North America to demonstrate how traditional forms can take on a wider significance and appreciation, as language, rhythm, and themes are differently understood and appreciated
Introduction: Young American Muslim Identities
Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad
The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants
Differing both in structure and operation from its parent Mughal model, the political system which came to be known as Hyderabad State developed in the Deccan in the second half of the eighteenth century. The major structural difference lay in the great power of two hereditary daftardars, the keepers of the central revenue records-these men could usurp the Diwan's (Chief Minister's) traditional control of government finances. Without overemphasiz…
The 'Great Firm' Theory of the Decline of the Mughal Empire
Most historians of the Mughal empire currently emphasize economic factors in their attempts to locate and measure the causes of imperial decline in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century India. Recent articles reiterate a standard set of tensions: those between monarch, military and service nobles (mansabdars), landholders (zamindars), and peasants. Existing theories attribute the Mughal decline to the nature of the monarchy, the breakdown of theman…
American Muslim Politics: Discourses and Practices
This overview of American Muslim politics surveys the major communities and organizations of Muslims in the USA and their discourses before and after 11 September 2001. African Americans, Arab Americans and South Asian Americans are the three largest groups, and, after setting out their differences, the political discourses and practices drawing them together in American politics are analyzed. The important conflict between the many new, western-…
Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad
This book is a comparative study of Hyderabadi emigrants settling in Pakistan, the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, Canada, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates at the end of the twentieth century. Based on ten years of fieldwork and extensive interviews, it traces Hyderabadi culture and institutions in these places of settlement, looking at the different versions of Hyderabadi history transmitted and the personal networks and collec…
Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780-1950
Examining the relationship between decoding and comprehension in L2 listening
Banking Firms in Nineteenth-Century Hyderabad Politics
The relationship between business and politics in preindustrial societies has seldom been clear from historical records. I have argued elsewhere that the major banking firms of Mughal India were central to the imperial system. These 'great firms' were not parasites, passively supportive of the state because it preserved the law and order necessary for trade; they were not self-contained caste communities interacting with the government through th…
Family Firms in Hyderabad: Gujarati, Goswami, and Marwari Patterns of Adoption, Marriage, and Inheritance
Scholars are looking again at banking and mercantile families in India's early modern history, responding to the challenge issued by Claude Markovits in the epilogue of his 2008 volume,Merchants, Traders, Entrepreneurs, to 'return the merchant to South Asian history.' Some of the underlying assumptions and questions being asked are old and some are new. My own longstanding assumption, upon which this article relies, has been that bankers and merc…
Hindu temples in Hyderabad: State patronage and politics in South Asia
This article argues that Hindu temples in Hyderabad, a city in a territory ruled by\nMuslims from the fourteenth century until the 1948 incorporation of the princely state\nof Hyderabad into independent India, were resources in a multi-religious landscape,\ninstitutions that reflected the political power of their patrons and often performed functions\nfor the state. Temples were built and managed as part of the Indo-Muslim or\nMughlai urban court…
Introduction: Young American Muslim Identities
State, Culture, and Religion: Political Action and Representation among South Asians in North America
Despite religious differences among Indian & Pakistani immigrants (Hindus, Sikhs, & Muslims), they are in most ways a single diasporic population with shared aesthetic, linguistic, & cultural traditions & memories of British colonialism. The separate forces at work to weaken disaporic engagement with the mother countries for the three religious groups are discussed. Canada & US contexts support different kinds of intellectual, aesthetic, & politi…
South Asians in the Indian Ocean World: Language, Policing, and Gender Practices in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates
Research Article| December 01 2005 South Asians in the Indian Ocean World: Language, Policing, and Gender Practices in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates Karen Leonard Karen Leonard Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2005) 25 (3): 677–686. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-25-3-677 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Karen L…
Reassessing Indirect Rule in Hyderabad: Rule, Ruler, or Sons-in-Law of the State
Those of us who work on the Indian princely states sometimes seem to share a certain marginalization, a certain distance from the debates shaping the writing of South Asian history today. We also share, more positively, views of that history that do not focus on British colonial rule and are not based on colonial sources, views that arguably offer more continuity with pre-British history and alternative visions of the South Asian past, present, a…
From Goswami rajas to Goswami caste in Hyderabad
Much has been written about Goswamis or Gosains as ascetics, but little has been written about their evolution into a caste, an endogamous marriage network with women and children. Coming from northern India to Hyderabad as sanyasis, male ascetics tracing lines of spiritual succession from guru to chela, Goswamis lived in maths, ostensibly without women or biological heirs. Goswami lineages established themselves as banking houses in Begum Bazar …
Palmer and Company: An Indian Banking Firm in Hyderabad State
Although the misreading of Hyderabad's early nineteenth century banking firm, Palmer and Company, as scandalous, illegal, and usurious in its business practices was contested at the time in Hyderabad, and at the highest levels of the East India Company in both Calcutta and London, such conspiracy theories have prevailed and are here challenged. The Eurasian William Palmer and his partner, the Gujarati banker, Benkati Das, are best understood as i…
Indigenous Banking Firms in Mughal India: A Reply
In the April 1979 issue of CSSH I proposed a theory: The financial services of leading indigenous banking firms were indispensable to the Mughal state, and the diversion by these firms of resources, both credit and trade, from the Mughals to other political powers in the Indian subcontinent contributed to the downfall of the Mughal empire (p. 152). John F. Richards's article in the present issue takes exception to that theory, challenging the evi…
Declining subcaste endogamy In India: The Hyderabad Kayasths, 1900-75
This paper explores the declining endogamy of the Kayasth subcastes of Hyderabad, India, by analyzing patterns of endogamous and exogamous marriages from 1900 to 1975. The data are divided into three time periods: 1900-25, 1926-50 and 1951-75. So that marriages can be analyzed in terms of preference or pattern, we have removed the effects of unequal population sizes via a normalization technique (Romney 1971). Marriage choice is expressed by usin…
California's Punjabi Pioneers: Remembering/Claiming Homelands
The exploration here is of movement and memory, forgetting and remembering, particularly of the constitution and use of memories to reclaim old and new homelands. The material comes from my study of the Punjabi emigrants to California before 1947 and the community they built, and I want to make several theoretical points. First, I want to reinforce the view that social memory is a valuable source of knowledge that should not be devalued in favor …
Conflict and Compatibility in Punjabi-Mexican Immigrant Families in Rural California, 1915-1965
Combining historical & interview data (N not given) from northern & southern Calif, the interethnic families formed after 1915 in Ru Calif by immigrant men from India & their spouses of Hispanic background are examined. Patterns of childrearing & family life are described, & the M & F networks linking these families to each other & to the wider society are analyzed. By 1965 the transitory nature of this unique "Mexican-Hindu" community & the regi…
Political players: Courtesans of Hyderabad
Important recent works on the Mughal state and women in the Indo-Muslim world have not considered courtesans or tawa’ifs, the singing and dancing women employed by Indo-Muslim states and nobles, to be significant participants in politics and society. Drawing on detailed archival data from late nineteenth century Hyderabad state and other historical materials, I argue that courtesans were often elite women, cultural standard-setters and wielders o…
Transnationalism, Diaspora, Translation: Comparing Punjabis and Hyderabadis abroad
American Muslims and Authority: Competing Discourses in a Non-Muslim State
Research Article| October 01 2005 American Muslims and Authority: Competing Discourses in a Non-Muslim State Karen Leonard Karen Leonard Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2005) 25 (1): 5–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501661 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Karen Leonard; American Muslims and Authority: Competing Discourses…
Indo-Muslim Music, Poetry, and Dance in North America
Here, we contrast several types of Indo-Muslim cultural performances in North America to demonstrate how traditional forms can take on a wider significance and appreciation, as language, rhythm, and themes are differently understood and appreciated
Marriage, the Family, and Women in India
Book Reviews balanced introductory description of the area as seen by those actually living there, I do not recommend it. University of Texas at Dallas, U.S.A. MURRAY J. LEAF MARRIAGE, THE FAMILY, AND WOMEN IN INDIA. By V. V. Prakasa Rao and V. Nandini Rao. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers/Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books. 1982. x, 244 pp. US$19.50. THIS BOOK CONSISTS OF reprints of articles published by the authors from 1973 to 1980. There is …
The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants
Differing both in structure and operation from its parent Mughal model, the political system which came to be known as Hyderabad State developed in the Deccan in the second half of the eighteenth century. The major structural difference lay in the great power of two hereditary daftardars, the keepers of the central revenue records-these men could usurp the Diwan's (Chief Minister's) traditional control of government finances. Without overemphasiz…
The Days of the Beloved
Women and Social Change in Modern India
Analyzed are the striking changes that have taken place in the position of women of the Kayasth caste in Hyderabad. The variables that give a reliable index of change for women are: (1) age of marriage, (2) amount & kind of education, (3) employment outside the home, both before & after marriage & motherhood, (4) naming patterns, (5) marriage across subcaste & caste lines, (6) marriage out of birth order, & (7) ratio of never-married women. Speci…
Indian Women
JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES and are constantly under pressure by farmers in This collection of twenty-two essays was com- the surplus-producing states who withhold their missioned to update a 1958 government pub- grain to obtain private benefits. Third, the role of lication ( W omen of India, edited by Tara Ali the unofficial agencies was crucial , as Singh will- Baig), and to respond to contemporary women's ingly admits. The most important Indian a…
Bengali Women
Book Reviews function, stating that the crisis of the Congress, however, is too deeply rooted in its structure and composition to be blamed upon any single individual (p. 299). And again: But it would be facile to attribute this decline [of Indian democracy] to the machinations of any individual, however powerful (p. 300). As a way out of this predicament, Masani finally sees India as either moving toward a military-supported authoritarian patter…
Social History of an Indian Caste
Women in India: Some Recent Perspectives
Women in India: Some Recent Perspectives Research Note W OMEN IN INDIA traditionally were members of a stratified society characterized by the ideology and practice of inequality. Caste ideology specified privileges and sanctions according to innate attri- butes, which differed by sex as well as caste. Throughout the subcon- tinent, social, economic, and political power resided with men, even in matrilineal groups or tribal communities with femal…
Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad
Applied Anthropology: The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India. Eric Stokes
The 'Great Firm' Theory of the Decline of the Mughal Empire
Most historians of the Mughal empire currently emphasize economic factors in their attempts to locate and measure the causes of imperial decline in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century India. Recent articles reiterate a standard set of tensions: those between monarch, military and service nobles (mansabdars), landholders (zamindars), and peasants. Existing theories attribute the Mughal decline to the nature of the monarchy, the breakdown of theman…
Declining subcaste endogamy In India: The Hyderabad Kayasths, 1900-75
This paper explores the declining endogamy of the Kayasth subcastes of Hyderabad, India, by analyzing patterns of endogamous and exogamous marriages from 1900 to 1975. The data are divided into three time periods: 1900-25, 1926-50 and 1951-75. So that marriages can be analyzed in terms of preference or pattern, we have removed the effects of unequal population sizes via a normalization technique (Romney 1971). Marriage choice is expressed by usin…
Indigenous Banking Firms in Mughal India: A Reply
In the April 1979 issue of CSSH I proposed a theory: The financial services of leading indigenous banking firms were indispensable to the Mughal state, and the diversion by these firms of resources, both credit and trade, from the Mughals to other political powers in the Indian subcontinent contributed to the downfall of the Mughal empire (p. 152). John F. Richards's article in the present issue takes exception to that theory, challenging the evi…
Banking Firms in Nineteenth-Century Hyderabad Politics
The relationship between business and politics in preindustrial societies has seldom been clear from historical records. I have argued elsewhere that the major banking firms of Mughal India were central to the imperial system. These 'great firms' were not parasites, passively supportive of the state because it preserved the law and order necessary for trade; they were not self-contained caste communities interacting with the government through th…
The Lack of Sex Differences in Declining Endogamy in Hyderabad, India
Discussions of Indian social structure that emphasize the patriarchal, patrilineal family system and the maintenance of caste and family purity through arranged marriages have encouraged sweeping assumptions about the control of women by men. Such assumptions underlie predictions that within a given community more men than women will "marry out." Two hypotheses predicting greater control of women's than men's marriages are tested and largely inva…
Marriage, the Family, and Women in India
Book Reviews balanced introductory description of the area as seen by those actually living there, I do not recommend it. University of Texas at Dallas, U.S.A. MURRAY J. LEAF MARRIAGE, THE FAMILY, AND WOMEN IN INDIA. By V. V. Prakasa Rao and V. Nandini Rao. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers/Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books. 1982. x, 244 pp. US$19.50. THIS BOOK CONSISTS OF reprints of articles published by the authors from 1973 to 1980. There is …
The Pahkar Singh Murders: A Punjabi Response to California's Alien Land Law
(1984). The Pahkar Singh Murders: A Punjabi Response to California's Alien Land Law. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 75-87
Status of Rural Women in India. A Study of Karnataka
Conflict and Compatibility in Punjabi-Mexican Immigrant Families in Rural California, 1915-1965
Combining historical & interview data (N not given) from northern & southern Calif, the interethnic families formed after 1915 in Ru Calif by immigrant men from India & their spouses of Hispanic background are examined. Patterns of childrearing & family life are described, & the M & F networks linking these families to each other & to the wider society are analyzed. By 1965 the transitory nature of this unique "Mexican-Hindu" community & the regi…
Las familias inmigrantes punjabi-mexicanas en las zonas rurales de California (1915-1965): Conflicto y compatibilidad
Traducción del inglés: Susana Devalle
Réplica a Devalle
Traducción del inglés: Mariela Álvarez Peñaloza
Punjabi pioneers in California: Political skills on a new frontier
South Asia, Vol. XII, no. 2 (1989),pp.69-81 PUNJABI PIONEERS IN CALIFORNIA: POLITICAL SKILLS ON A NEW FRONTIER Karen Leonard University of California The early immigrants from India to California have been portrayed as illiterate peasants, farm laborers held in their place by prejudice and discriminatory laws. They began coming at the turn of the century; some 6,800 came between 1899 and 1914. Contemporary accounts emphasized their backwardness e…
Hyderabad: After the Fall
Pacific Affairs new Shii and Awadhi dements which emphasized their independence from Delhi. Fisher repeatedly makes the point that the culture of the Awadh court bore little relevance to its hinterland. 'The cultural aspirations of Awadh's rulers effectively cut: them off from the territory under their control, and when they renounced Mughal sovereignty in 1819 they severed links with the one real source oflegitimation which the mass of the local…
Scholarly Responsibilities
The Making of an American Pluralism: Buffalo, New York 1825-60
An analysis of the development of a pluralistic urban society. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or
Love, intimacy, and passion: Shapers of family and kinship
Hewlett, Barry S. Intimate Fathers: The Nature and Context of Aka Pygmy Paternal Infant Care. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991. viii + 201 pp. including references and index. $27.95 cloth. Trawick, Margaret. Notes on Love in a Tamil Family. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xx + 299 pp. including notes, references, and index. $40.00 cloth. Weston, Kath. Families We Choose: Lesbians, Gays, Kinship. New York: Columbia Uni…
Sociology (43 works) · History (41 works) · Political science (40 works) · History (33 works) · Law (24 works) · Law (19 works) · Politics (19 works) · Geography (18 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Gender Studies (13 works)