D Cvikel
Biographic Data
| ID | 86210 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Cvikel |
| GIVEN NAMES | D |
| FAMILY NAME | Cvikel |
| SIGNATURE | CVIKEL D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Haifa |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4661-1603 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 120 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Decoding 19th-century marine ironwork: Metallurgical insights from shipwreck finds
Shipwrecks provide valuable context for historical events, shedding light on trade connections, economic changes, naval battles, and evolution of technologies. Case studies of metallurgical characterization of 19th-century iron artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks off the Israeli coast revealed crucial information about composition, microstructure, and manufacturing processes, useful in dating and tracing the origin of the raw material. Chemical a…
Exploring the Wall Graffiti in the Raqafot Reservoir, Be’er Sheva‘
Graffiti depicting ships, animals and human/anthropomorphic figures were incised into the late Byzantine plaster layer of an Early Roman period rock-cut reservoir, located c. 4 km north of ancient Be’er Sheva‘, Israel. Although the reservoir was in use over the centuries, and as late as World War I, the latest plaster layer was applied in the late Byzantine period. The ship graffiti, seemingly incised with a sharp thin-edged tool shortly after th…
Iron Age ship cargoes from the harbour of Dor (Israel)
Connectivity and trade dominate discussions of the Mediterranean Bronze and Iron Ages, where artefacts travelled increasing distances by land and sea. Much of the evidence for the means through which such networks operated is necessarily indirect, but shipwrecks offer direct insights into the movement of goods. Here, the authors explore three Iron Age cargoes recently excavated at Tel Dor on the Carmel Coast, the first from this period found in t…
Damaging a trireme by ramming: The kinetics
From shipwreck to seaworthy: A digital reconstruction of the Ma'agan Mikhael B ship
Stowaways: Maritime ecology of the oldest commensal ship rats (Rattus rattus) found on a Mediterranean shipwreck
Judging a ship by its anchor: Bronze age stone weight anchors as indicators of ship size
Unlocking the Serçe Limanı Forelock Bolt: An Archaeological–Mechanical Analysis of the Ubiquitous Maritime Fastener of Ancient Watercraft
The forelock bolt was a ubiquitous joining technology employed by ancient shipwrights.Its systematic positioning in the Sere Liman ship (11th century CE) was the primary joining technology of its keelson-frames-keel assembly.This fact lends itself well to analyzing its engineering-technical properties, which were identical to those of modern bolts.The preload required to apply secure clamping force in the Sere Liman keelson-frames-keel backbone a…
Windward Sailing in Antiquity: The Elephant in the Room
The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. This paper attempts to broaden the understanding of windward sailing by revisiting the theoretical basis of windward sailing, performing a critical review of previous works, reconstructing historic passages with new methods to re-evaluate them being considered as unfavourable wind passages, and considering the ancient mariner’s limits of wi…
What You Clean Is What You Get: A Novel Chemical Cleaning Technique and the Interpretation of Corrosion Products Found in Late Roman Copper Alloy Coins Retrieved from the Sea
Thirteen Late Roman copper alloy coins with a dark concretion layer from the Early Islamic period Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck were chosen to undergo an experimental chemical cleaning and polishing procedure for removing the concretion while limiting the damage to the surviving metal. These coins, and two more without concretion discovered on the beach nearby, were then subjected to a series of non-destructive analyses–visual testing, XRF, multi-f…
Mappings of Potential Sailing Mobility in the Mediterranean During Antiquity
The 19th-Century Akko Tower Shipwreck, Israel: Final Report
The Akko Tower shipwreck was found in 4.4 m of water, 35 m north of the Tower of Flies at the entrance to Akko harbour, on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The hull remains were covered by a significant amount of stones, apparently used as ballast. It seems to have been a 25-m long merchantman, constructed in the mid-1850s using timber from forests along the southern Black Sea coast. This shipwreck is evidence for the continued use of Akko harb…
First Evidence of Trade in Galilean Salted Fish on the Carmel Coast in the Early Islamic Period
The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods. Ichthyological remains found within amphorae in shipwrecks and other archaeological contexts provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-seventh to mid-eighth century ad ) found on the Carmel coast of Israe…
Metallurgical analysis of a bronze powder chamber retrieved from an underwater excavation in Akko (Israel): An Application of Novel Minimally Destructive Field Multi-Focal Metallography
Sailing Ma‘agan Mikhael II
The Ma‘agan Mikhael ship, dated to 400 BC, was built shell-first. Due to its significance, the archaeological find was completely excavated, retrieved from the seabed, conserved, and is now displayed in the Hecht Museum at the University of Haifa. The construction of a sailing replica of the ship took two years (2014–2016), using the techniques of the ancient shipwrights. The replica was launched in December 2016, and since then has made more tha…
The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck: A summary of four excavation seasons
The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was discovered off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2005. The hull remains are in a good state of preservation, comprising the endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, mast step assembly and bulkheads. The most significant finds are the ceramic shards and the complete amphorae. Other finds include bricks, rigging elements, wooden artefacts, coins, organic finds and animal bones. The ship was d…
Synthetic 3D Recording of a Shipwreck Embedded in Seafloor Sediments: Distinguishing Internal Details
3D recording of shipwrecks completely buried in seafloor sediments has great potential as an important aspect of maritime archaeological surveys and management. Buried shipwrecks have been recorded directly with seismic 3D Chirp sub-bottom profilers on an experimental basis. This method is, however, expensive, time-consuming and complicated. This article outlines the application of a faster, cheaper, and less complicated method of synthetic 3D re…
Maritime trade in early Islamic-period glass: New evidence from the Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck
On the proportions of Bronze Age, one-hole, stone, weight anchors from the eastern Mediterranean
Measuring potential coastal sailing mobility with the loose-footed square sail
A new method for examining maritime mobility of direct crossings with contrary prevailing winds in the Mediterranean during antiquity
The use of detailed meteorological data with sailing software, in conjunction with sailing the Ma'agan Mikhael II replica ship, has engendered the development of a method for examining maritime mobility of single-masted square sail Mediterranean merchantmen in the Graeco-Roman period, with the initial objective of mapping direct, open sea, return sailing routes from the Levant that a priori lie contrary to the prevailing wind. Many quantitative w…
Pour une histoire de l’archéologie navale. Les bateaux et l’histoire, Éric Rieth, Éditions Classiques Garnier, Paris, 2019, 431p
Les bateaux et l'histoire 1 Le complexe technique de la construction d'un navire comprend plusieurs techniques et savoir-faire, de matires premires ncessaires la ralisation du navire et de nombreuses personnes disperses dans divers sites et paysages nautiques. Donc, la construction d'un navire associe comptences techniques et artistiques : depuis le moment o les arbres ont t choisis et abattus, conus et faonns, installs et attachs, jusqu'au momen…
Shipbuilding and maritime activity on the eve of mechanization: Dendrochronological analysis of the Akko Tower Shipwreck, Israel
Rigging of the Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (7th–8th centuries AD): New finds
During the 2019 underwater excavation season of the Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-7th–mid-8th centuries AD), an unattached hook-shaped masthead fitting with sheaves was discovered and retrieved. This remarkable and rare find is a type of fitting characteristic of lateen-rigged vessels, and is an addition to the assembly of rigging elements, such as blocks and ropes and the mast-step assembly, found and documented in previous seasons. Pieces of…
The Late-Antique Ma'agan Mikhael B Shipwreck, Israel
The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck, dated to the seventh–eighth centuries CE is located about 70 m off the Mediterranean coast of Israel, at a maximum water depth of 3 m, buried under 1.5 m of sand. The excavation of the shipwreck is in progress, and the hull has not yet been completely excavated. The exposed hull remains, comprising the keel, endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, bulkheads, and maststep assembly, are in a good …
A new method for examining maritime mobility of direct crossings with contrary prevailing winds in the Mediterranean during antiquity
The use of detailed meteorological data with sailing software, in conjunction with sailing the Ma'agan Mikhael II replica ship, has engendered the development of a method for examining maritime mobility of single-masted square sail Mediterranean merchantmen in the Graeco-Roman period, with the initial objective of mapping direct, open sea, return sailing routes from the Levant that a priori lie contrary to the prevailing wind. Many quantitative w…
The 19th-Century Akko Tower Wreck, Israel: A summary of the first two excavation seasons
The shipwreck designated as the Akko Tower Wreck lies at the entrance of Akko harbour, Israel, 35 m north of the Tower of Flies, in 4.4 m of water. Following two seasons (2012 and 2013) of underwater excavation, it is suggested that it is the remains of a merchant brig of 200 tons, dated to the first half of the 19th century, and built under the influence of the French shipbuilding tradition in an established shipyard. The full story of the ship …
Maʻagan Mikhael B, Israel: A preliminary report of a Late Byzantine–Early Islamic period shipwreck
The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was found in 1.5m of water, beneath 1.5m of sand, 70m off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The hull remains are in a good state of preservation, comprising the endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, and bulkheads. The finds comprise rigging elements, wooden artefacts, organic finds, animal bones, glassware, coins, bricks, stones, ceramic sherds, and complete amphoras. The shipwreck was dated t…
The Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: The First Two Seasons
The Akko 1 shipwreck was found in 4 m of water inside the ancient harbour of Akko (Acre), 250 m from the ancient wall, with its stern touching a submerged rampart. The dense framing-pattern and relatively thin planking, the extensive use of oak and the origin of the timber, suggest that this is the remains of a small armed ship or auxiliary vessel built in the Eastern Mediterranean. The ship has been provisionally dated to the late-18th or early-…
Rigging of the Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (7th–8th centuries AD): New finds
During the 2019 underwater excavation season of the Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-7th–mid-8th centuries AD), an unattached hook-shaped masthead fitting with sheaves was discovered and retrieved. This remarkable and rare find is a type of fitting characteristic of lateen-rigged vessels, and is an addition to the assembly of rigging elements, such as blocks and ropes and the mast-step assembly, found and documented in previous seasons. Pieces of…
Archaeometallurgical analysis of metal remains from the Dor 2006 shipwreck: A clue to the understanding of the transition in ship construction
The Byzantine-Period Dor 2006 Shipwreck, Israel: Preliminary hull construction report
The Dor 2006 shipwreck was discovered in 2006, 100 m offshore, 800 m south of Dor (Tantura) lagoon. The wooden hull remains included sections of large frames, stringers and ceiling planks, a large number of strakes and wales, some with unpegged mortise-and-tenon joints. Among the finds were ceramic sherds, wooden objects, matting, ropes, food remains, and coins. The shipwreck was dated to between the second half of the 6th and the first quarter o…
High-precision dating the Akko 1 shipwreck, Israel: Wiggle-matching the life and death of a ship into the historical record
Archaeometallurgical study of the brass cases from the Akko 1 shipwreck
New insights regarding the Akko 1 shipwreck: A metallurgic and petrographic investigation of the cannonballs
Measuring potential coastal sailing mobility with the loose-footed square sail
A journey into the microstructure: Using a multifocal 3D digital light microscope to study archaeological artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks
Iron artefacts from the Akko Tower Wreck, Israel, and their contribution to the ship's characterization
The 19th-Century Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: Hull-construction report
The Akko 1 shipwreck was found in 4 m of water inside the ancient harbour of Akko, Israel, and was fully recorded under water. Several hull-components were retrieved and documented on land, as well as all the finds. The results of the archaeological research and the study of the historical background suggest that the Akko 1 shipwreck is the remains of an eastern Mediterranean naval auxiliary brig, built at the end of the first quarter of the 19th…
Mappings of Potential Sailing Mobility in the Mediterranean During Antiquity
Metallurgical analysis of a bronze powder chamber retrieved from an underwater excavation in Akko (Israel): An Application of Novel Minimally Destructive Field Multi-Focal Metallography
Windward Sailing in Antiquity: The Elephant in the Room
The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. This paper attempts to broaden the understanding of windward sailing by revisiting the theoretical basis of windward sailing, performing a critical review of previous works, reconstructing historic passages with new methods to re-evaluate them being considered as unfavourable wind passages, and considering the ancient mariner’s limits of wi…
Detection and mapping of shipwrecks embedded in sea-floor sediments
First Evidence of Trade in Galilean Salted Fish on the Carmel Coast in the Early Islamic Period
The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods. Ichthyological remains found within amphorae in shipwrecks and other archaeological contexts provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-seventh to mid-eighth century ad ) found on the Carmel coast of Israe…
Maritime trade in early Islamic-period glass: New evidence from the Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck
Finite Element Analysis of Shell-First and Longitudinally Reinforced Frame-Based Wooden Ships
During the period between the 5th century BC and the 6th century AD, two ship construction technologies were prevalent around the Mediterranean Sea: shell-first and frame-based. The shell-first concept was of a strong rigid hull, comprising edge-joined strakes reinforced by transverse frames which were not joined to the keel. In the frame-based technique, transverse frames were connected to the keel to form the skeleton, and the strakes were then…
Arsur Castle Maritime Installation (1241–1265 CE)
The maritime installation, sometimes called the ‘port’ or the ‘military harbour’ of Apollonia-Arsuf, is located at the foot of the cliff on which the Crusader castle of Arsur stands, about 37 km south of Caesarea, Israel. Opinions have differed as to the true nature of the site: was it a real port or harbour? Was it just a mooring basin for small craft? Or was it just an installation designed to prevent an approach from the coast to the cliff on …
A Box Containing Carpenter's Accessories from The Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: Archaeometallurgical Analysis of Surviving Ironwork
The Akko 1 shipwreck was an Egyptian armed vessel, built at the beginning of the 19th century. A wooden saw handle and a box containing iron nails and two split pins were discovered towards the stern. Given their function, location and context, these were part of the ship's carpenter's tools and accessories. A methodology was developed for conducting systematic metallurgical analysis in order to understand the manufacturing process of the survivi…
From shipwreck to seaworthy: A digital reconstruction of the Ma'agan Mikhael B ship
The Late-Antique Ma'agan Mikhael B Shipwreck, Israel
The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck, dated to the seventh–eighth centuries CE is located about 70 m off the Mediterranean coast of Israel, at a maximum water depth of 3 m, buried under 1.5 m of sand. The excavation of the shipwreck is in progress, and the hull has not yet been completely excavated. The exposed hull remains, comprising the keel, endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, bulkheads, and maststep assembly, are in a good …
The Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: The First Two Seasons
The Akko 1 shipwreck was found in 4 m of water inside the ancient harbour of Akko (Acre), 250 m from the ancient wall, with its stern touching a submerged rampart. The dense framing-pattern and relatively thin planking, the extensive use of oak and the origin of the timber, suggest that this is the remains of a small armed ship or auxiliary vessel built in the Eastern Mediterranean. The ship has been provisionally dated to the late-18th or early-…
Where are Bonaparte's siege cannon? An episode in the Egyptian campaign
During his expedition to the Holy Land in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte needed to transport his heavy siege artillery for the siege of Acre. Over 200 years later, what happened to the guns remains an enigma. The heavy cannon (24-pounders) were transported from Egypt by sea. One shipment was captured by a British squadron commanded by Sidney Smith, and used in Acre's defence against the French army. The other cannon were safely disembarked, and were us…
New insights regarding the Akko 1 shipwreck: A metallurgic and petrographic investigation of the cannonballs
Archaeometallurgical study of the brass cases from the Akko 1 shipwreck
The 19th-Century Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: Hull-construction report
The Akko 1 shipwreck was found in 4 m of water inside the ancient harbour of Akko, Israel, and was fully recorded under water. Several hull-components were retrieved and documented on land, as well as all the finds. The results of the archaeological research and the study of the historical background suggest that the Akko 1 shipwreck is the remains of an eastern Mediterranean naval auxiliary brig, built at the end of the first quarter of the 19th…
Akko 1 shipwreck: The effect of cannon fire on the wooden hull
The Byzantine-Period Dor 2006 Shipwreck, Israel: Preliminary hull construction report
The Dor 2006 shipwreck was discovered in 2006, 100 m offshore, 800 m south of Dor (Tantura) lagoon. The wooden hull remains included sections of large frames, stringers and ceiling planks, a large number of strakes and wales, some with unpegged mortise-and-tenon joints. Among the finds were ceramic sherds, wooden objects, matting, ropes, food remains, and coins. The shipwreck was dated to between the second half of the 6th and the first quarter o…
High-precision dating the Akko 1 shipwreck, Israel: Wiggle-matching the life and death of a ship into the historical record
Detection and mapping of shipwrecks embedded in sea-floor sediments
Archeometallurgical and technical characterization of 7th century AD iron fishing-spear and fire basket found in the Dor lagoon, Israel
Archaeometallurgical analysis of metal remains from the Dor 2006 shipwreck: A clue to the understanding of the transition in ship construction
The 19th-Century Akko Tower Wreck, Israel: A summary of the first two excavation seasons
The shipwreck designated as the Akko Tower Wreck lies at the entrance of Akko harbour, Israel, 35 m north of the Tower of Flies, in 4.4 m of water. Following two seasons (2012 and 2013) of underwater excavation, it is suggested that it is the remains of a merchant brig of 200 tons, dated to the first half of the 19th century, and built under the influence of the French shipbuilding tradition in an established shipyard. The full story of the ship …
A late 16th- to early 17th-century European shipwreck carrying Venetian ordnance discovered off the Carmel coast, Israel: Notes
In 1972, a commercial fisherman, R. Schomos, discovered a bronze gun attached to a wooden gun carriage (Piece A) while diving off Megadim on the Carmel coast (Fig. 1). He informed A. Raban and J. Galili, members of the Underwater Exploration Society of Israel, who documented the gun and its carriage under water (Raban, 1980). However, the assemblage was simultaneously discovered by others, and salvaged unscientifically, thus losing much of the ca…
Arsur Castle Maritime Installation (1241–1265 CE)
The maritime installation, sometimes called the ‘port’ or the ‘military harbour’ of Apollonia-Arsuf, is located at the foot of the cliff on which the Crusader castle of Arsur stands, about 37 km south of Caesarea, Israel. Opinions have differed as to the true nature of the site: was it a real port or harbour? Was it just a mooring basin for small craft? Or was it just an installation designed to prevent an approach from the coast to the cliff on …
A Box Containing Carpenter's Accessories from The Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: Archaeometallurgical Analysis of Surviving Ironwork
The Akko 1 shipwreck was an Egyptian armed vessel, built at the beginning of the 19th century. A wooden saw handle and a box containing iron nails and two split pins were discovered towards the stern. Given their function, location and context, these were part of the ship's carpenter's tools and accessories. A methodology was developed for conducting systematic metallurgical analysis in order to understand the manufacturing process of the survivi…
Artillery and rigging artefacts from the Megadim wreck-site, Israel
Iron artefacts from the Akko Tower Wreck, Israel, and their contribution to the ship's characterization
The Dor C shipwreck, Israel: Metallurgical Analysis and Its Contribution to the Ship Characterization
Five Decades of Marine Archaeology in Israel
The history of maritime archaeology in Israel began in the 1950s. This article summarizes the emergence of the discipline and its evolution, the main institutions involved, the physical conditions and their influence on the nature of ancient maritime activity, the nature of the sites, site formation, post-deposition processes, and the associated methodologies of underwater archaeological research. The typology of sites and significant finds that …
Maʻagan Mikhael B, Israel: A preliminary report of a Late Byzantine–Early Islamic period shipwreck
The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was found in 1.5m of water, beneath 1.5m of sand, 70m off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The hull remains are in a good state of preservation, comprising the endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, and bulkheads. The finds comprise rigging elements, wooden artefacts, organic finds, animal bones, glassware, coins, bricks, stones, ceramic sherds, and complete amphoras. The shipwreck was dated t…
The amphorae of the Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck: Preliminary report
Ongoing excavations of the Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck have revealed the largest maritime cargo assemblage of Byzantine and Early Islamic ceramics discovered along the Israeli coast to date. Dated between the mid-7th and the mid-8th century CE, the nearly 20-metre-long shipwreck has yielded a cargo of various types of amphorae, including the Late Roman amphora (LRA) types LR 1, LR 2/globular amphorae, LR 4, and LR 5, several bearing inscriptions …
Analyses of ballast stones from the Akko Tower Wreck, Israel: A clue to the sailing route of the ship
Finite Element Analysis of Shell-First and Longitudinally Reinforced Frame-Based Wooden Ships
During the period between the 5th century BC and the 6th century AD, two ship construction technologies were prevalent around the Mediterranean Sea: shell-first and frame-based. The shell-first concept was of a strong rigid hull, comprising edge-joined strakes reinforced by transverse frames which were not joined to the keel. In the frame-based technique, transverse frames were connected to the keel to form the skeleton, and the strakes were then…
Archaeometallurgical analysis of the bow drill from the fifth century BC Ma'agan Mikhael shipwreck
Pour une histoire de l’archéologie navale. Les bateaux et l’histoire, Éric Rieth, Éditions Classiques Garnier, Paris, 2019, 431p
Les bateaux et l'histoire 1 Le complexe technique de la construction d'un navire comprend plusieurs techniques et savoir-faire, de matires premires ncessaires la ralisation du navire et de nombreuses personnes disperses dans divers sites et paysages nautiques. Donc, la construction d'un navire associe comptences techniques et artistiques : depuis le moment o les arbres ont t choisis et abattus, conus et faonns, installs et attachs, jusqu'au momen…
Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (44 works) · Archaeology (34 works) · History (24 works) · Geology (23 works) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (22 works) · Geography (22 works) · Ancient history (19 works) · History (18 works) · Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts (14 works) · Engineering (13 works)