Gisela Grupe
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 86325 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Gisela Grupe |
| PRENOMES | Gisela |
| SOBRENOME | Grupe |
| ASSINATURA | GRUPE G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2731-2296 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 136 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 751 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 134 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Provenance Analysis Based on Cluster In‐Betweenness and Support Vector Machines
Provenance reconstruction using strontium and lead stable isotopes can produce complex multidimensional fingerprints, challenging traditional methods. Identifying nonlocals, who migrated between sites, is a major task. Migrants are identifiable by divergent multi‐isotope fingerprints due to isotopic mixing between origin and destination sites. Detecting early migrants, however, is possible in exceptional cases only. This study used a Support Vect…
Reconstructing palaeodiet from the skeleton with stable isotopes - on the interpretation of multi-dimensional datasets
values, including additional information on dietary carbohydrates and fats, are required for a meaningful cluster separation and, thus, the interpretation of the individuals' diet. No general correlation between dietary quality and grave goods was detectable.
Isotopic sourcing reveals changing subsistence, cultural diversity and biological correlates with palaeodiet in fourth- to seventh-century AD Bavaria
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) in bone collagen of archaeological skeletal finds are indicators of the protein sources in individuals’ basic diet. Isotopic sourcing allows us to quantify the biomass contribution of major dietary components and to differentiate between the source contribution of various animal species (domesticates, game). We re-evaluated previously published isotopic signatures in skeletons from three…
Changing subsistence economies in the course of the Neolithic transition
Conspicuous burials in a Neolithic enclosure at Riedling (Bavaria, Germany) – A selection of individuals
Provenance analysis of cremated skeletal remains by stable isotopes
Sr) therefore has its limits. A combination of strontium and lead stable isotopes in cremations generates a multi-dimensional isotopic fingerprint that is however more difficult to interpret. Data mining methods that permit a similarity search are a promising approach. In this paper, possibilities and limitations of stable isotope analysis of cremated finds are discussed together with the substrate-specific methodological and interpretive problem…
Multi‐isotope fingerprints (O, Sr and Pb) in archaeological animal bone bioapatite
Multi‐isotope fingerprints in the bioapatite of archaeological skeletons are mostly superior over single isotope analyses for provenance studies. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering is a novel tool for a similarity search among multidimensional data sets and at the same time permits the evaluation of the structural importance of particular isotopic ratios in the data set. We applied three GMM clustering experiments on multi‐isotope fingerprin…
Intraindividual Variability of Strontium and Lead Stable Isotopes and Element Concentrations in Archaeological Skeletons From Roman Stettfeld (Ca 150–300 Ce), Baden-Württemberg (Germany)
The dead of the Dietersberg Cave, Germany
The provenance and depositional setting of the human remains in the Dietersberg Cave, located in the Franconian Alb in Southern Germany, are evaluated based on 14C-dates and stable isotope analyses (C, N, O, Sr). Four basic scenarios are discussed: (1) human sacrifice, (2) 'regular' burial place for a small social unit, (3) special social group (e.g. slaves) and (4) special circumstances of death (e.g. fatal illness). Scenarios 1 and 2 are unlike…
Bone incineration
The genesis and spread of the early Fritzens-Sanzeno culture (5th/4th cent. BCE) – Stable isotope analysis of cremated and uncremated skeletal finds
Significance and Limitations of Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratios in the Apatite Phosphate of Archaeological Vertebrate Finds for Provenance Analysis in an Alpine Reference Region
A multi‐isotope fingerprint consisting of δ 18 O phosphate , 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 208 Pb/ 207 Pb and 206 Pb/ 207 Pb was established in the bioapatite of 219 individual archaeofaunal remains (cattle, pig, red deer) excavated from sites located along a specific transect of the European Alps, namely the Inn–Eisack–Adige–Brenner Passage, that has been of eminent importance since European prehistory. This refer…
Diet and species-specific oxygen isotope relationship and isotope spacing between structural carbonate and phosphate in archaeological mammalian bones
Bioarchaeology of Bronze and Iron Age skeletal finds from a microregion in Central Mongolia
This paper gives a state of the art report of an ongoing interdisciplinary project on bioarchaeological research on cemeteries in the Upper Orkhon valley, Central Mongolia, in particular at the Maikhan Tolgoi site. The archaeological focus is on the investigation of the development, use and transformation of a ritual landscape in the course of the Bronze and Iron Age. The contribution of physical anthropology is an osteological and archaeometric …
Investigating Diet and Disease in a Medieval German Poorhouse Population using Isotopic Analysis of Human and Faunal Tissues
This study investigates a medieval (twelfth to sixteenth century) poorhouse skeletal collection from Regensburg, Germany, by assessing diet and health. Medieval poorhouses were an early form of social care facility that offered permanent shelter to the sick and destitute. The Regensburg sample offers a chance to explore the lives of an underprivileged group in larger medieval society. Isotopic data from bone collagen, and structural carbonate are…
The Proof is in the Pudding
Stable isotope analysis of crop remains complements conventional isotope analysis of human and faunal bones, permitting a more holistic insight into subsistence practices in the past. Here, we demonstrate the insights that can be gained from crop isotope analysis by synthesising crop, faunal and human isotopic data from Linearbandkeramik villages, Late Neolithic lakeshore settlements and Early Iron Age sites in southwest Germany. As well as demon…
Hydroxylysine deficiency, conspicuous skeletal lesions and a strange burial practice in a historical German island population
Eighty‐two complete and partial human skeletons were excavated from a burial site on the island of Borkum in the North Sea. The site covers a period of 400 years from the middle of the 14th century AD until 1720 AD. The position of the skeletons in situ suggests rapid disposal of the bodies. About 75% of the skeletons were male and of a quite robust constitution, and about 60% of all individuals died rather young between 20 and 40 years of age. A…
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age w…
Taphonomic and Diagenetic Processes
Yersinia pestis and the Plague of Justinian 541–543 AD
Intraskeletal isotopic compositions (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) of bone collagen
Paleodiet research traditionally interprets differences in collagen isotopic compositions (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) as indicators of dietary distinction even though physiological processes likely play some role in creating variation. This research investigates the degree to which bone collagen δ 13 C and δ 15 N values normally vary within the skeleton and examines the influence of several diseases common to ancient populations on these isotopic compositio…
Application of isotopic mixing models for palaeodietary and paleoecological studies
The application of mixing models for the sourcing of dietary end members, which mix into consumer collagen delta13C and delta15N isotopic ratios, has clear benefits for understanding human palaeodiet and human and vertebrate palaeoecology. This is because traditional visual or conventional statistical interpretations of bivariate plots may be erroneous or misleading. In terms of their biological meaning, measured isotopic ratios are proxies, ther…
Taphonomic and Diagenetic Processes
Signs of malnutrition and starvation—Reconstruction of nutritional life histories by serial isotopic analyses of hair
Prehistoric Human Bone
Strontium Isotopes and Prehistoric Human Migration
Human skeletal remains from Bell Beaker graves in southern Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary were analyzed for information on human migration. Strontium isotope ratios were measured in bone and tooth enamel to determine if these individuals had changed ‘geological’ residence during their lifetimes. Strontium isotopes vary among different types of rock. They enter the body through diet and are deposited in the skeleton. Tooth ename…
Diet, Status and Decomposition at Weingarten
Is the Mesolithic–Neolithic Subsistence Dichotomy Real? New Stable Isotope Evidence from the Danube Gorges
The article presents new results of stable isotope analyses made on animal and human bones from the Mesolithic–early Neolithic sites of Lepenski Vir and Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the Balkans. It reconstructs the food web for the region during these periods on the basis of stable isotope analyses of mammal and fish species found at Vlasac. These results are compared to measurements made on human burials from the two sites. In the light of the…
Migration in the Bell Beaker period of central Europe
Recent strontium isotope analysis of Beaker burials from Bavaria raises important new questions about prehistoric migrations in Europe
Stable strontium isotopes in human teeth and bone
Experimental chemical degradation compared to natural diagenetic alteration of collagen
Stable isotopic ratios from archaeological bone collagen are valid palaeodietary indicators, but depend on sufficiently well preserved molecules and several collagen quality criteria have to be fulfilled (mostly collagen wt%, C%; N%, C/N molar ratio). For a reassessment of these quality criteria, and a better understanding of the chemical degradation of bone collagen, experimentally degraded modern bones and 54 archaeological human bones were inv…
Intraskeletal isotopic compositions (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) of bone collagen
Paleodiet research traditionally interprets differences in collagen isotopic compositions (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) as indicators of dietary distinction even though physiological processes likely play some role in creating variation. This research investigates the degree to which bone collagen δ 13 C and δ 15 N values normally vary within the skeleton and examines the influence of several diseases common to ancient populations on these isotopic compositio…
A brackish water aquatic foodweb
Diet and mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria
This study investigates patterns of mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria through a combined study of diet and associated burial practice. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were analyzed in human bone samples from the Late Roman cemetery of Klettham and from the Early Medieval cemeteries of Altenerding and Straubing‐Bajuwarenstrasse. For dietary comparison, samples of faunal bone from one Late Roman and three Early Medieval settlement sites were al…
Stable isotopes and dietary adaptations in humans and animals at pre-pottery Neolithic Nevallı Çori, southeast Anatolia
Human and animal bones from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Nevali Cori (southeast Anatolia) were analyzed with regard to stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bone collagen, and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in bone carbonate. The reconstruction of the vertebrate food web at this site revealed that humans may have faced difficulties with meat procurement, since their stable-isotope ratios reflect a largely herbivorous diet. This is in c…
Methodological and Archaeological Implications of Intra-tooth Isotopic Variations (δ13C, δ18O) in Herbivores from Ain Ghazal (Jordan, Neolithic)
Landscape bioarchaeology at Pacatnamu, Peru
Preservation of Collagen in Bone From Dry, Sandy Soil
Basics in paleodemography
Recent advances in the methods of skeletal age estimation have rekindled interest in their applicability to paleodemography. The current study contributes to the discussion by applying several long established as well as recently developed or refined aging methods to a subsample of 121 adult skeletons from the early medieval cemetery of Lauchheim. The skeletal remains were analyzed by 13 independent observers using a variety of aging techniques (…
Impact of the choice of bone samples on trace element data in excavated human skeletons
Archaeometry meets archaeozoology
A Late Neolithic vertebrate food web based on stable isotope analyses
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of bone collagen, and stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of the bone's structural carbonate, were performed on 120 individuals representing 33 vertebrate species, including a single human bone find, collected from the Late Neolithic settlement at Pestenacker, Bavaria, Germany. We were thus capable of reconstructing a rather complex food web and could also address particular issues, such as whethe…
In Vitro Decomposition of Bone Collagen by Soil Bacteria
To understand biogenic collagen type I decomposition and to establish how diagenesis may bias archaeometric data, modern mammalian bone was inoculated with a selection of ubiquitous soil bacteria. The presence of exogenous microbial biomass in the inoculated specimens was then checked microscopically prior to collagen extraction. The experimentally degraded bone collagen showed altered amino acid compositions, attributable to the selective breakd…
Trace element studies on experimentally cremated bone. I. Alteration of the chemical composition at high temperatures
Gazelle behaviour and human presence at early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, south-east Anatolia
With its impressive megalithic architecture dating to the tenth to ninth millennium cal. bc, the site of Göbekli Tepe (south-east Anatolia) is singular in the cultural history of mankind. Excavations at this ritual centre produced a rich archaeofaunal assemblage dominated by skeletal remains of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). In order to trace relevant features of this species' behaviour in early Neolithic times relating to its dietary de…
Biochemical and palaeopathological investigations on weaning and infant mortality in the early Middle Ages
Weaning age of the children of the early medieval population at Wenigumstadt (Ldkr. Aschaffenburg, southern Germany, 500-700 AD) was estimated by stable nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen. The onset of weaning was by one year of age, when solid vegetal food subsequently replaced breast milk. In total, the change from mother's milk to solid adult food took about three years, the infants being fully weaned at this age. While the growing inf…
Metastasizing carcinoma in a medieval skeleton
The paper describes the skeleton of an aged adult male from the Middle Ages who most probably suffered from a bronchogenetic carcinoma. The differential diagnosis is based on macroscopic and microscopic examination, X‐ray studies, and trace element analysis. Hypothesis for the etiology of the disease are discussed
Rise and Fall of a Medieval Trade Centre
Viking Haithabu and its successor, the medieval town of Schleswig, were important international trade centres. Human skeletal finds spanning a period of approximately 400 years represent the bodily relics of the former inhabitants, who witnessed the rise and fall of these trade centres. Analysis of δ 13 C and δ 15 N from bone collagen was performed to reconstruct and detect changes in dietary preferences over time. A comparison with the respectiv…
Roots of diversity in a Linearbandkeramik community
The early Neolithic in northern Central Europe ought to be the theatre in which incoming farmers meet local hunter-gatherers, with greater or lesser impact. By way of contrast, the authors use isotope analysis in a cemetery beside the Danube to describe a peaceful, well-integrated community with a common diet and largely indigenous inhabitants. Men and women may have had different mobility strategies, but the isotopes did not signal special origi…
Social Structures and Social Relations - An Archaeological and Anthropological Examination of three Early Medieval Separate Burial Sites in Bavaria
As part of an interdisciplinary cooperation, three early medieval separated burial sites from central Bavaria were subjected to archaeological and anthropological examinations. Separated burial sites are probably an expression of social stratification. This paper focuses on two characteristic aspects of these separated burial sites: (1) structure of the site, and (2) biological manifestation of a social upper class. The separated burial grounds E…
The variability of diploic veins in ethnically deformed skulls
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Shrinking behaviour of spongious bones in the caput femoris example
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On diploic structures and their variability in artificially deformed skulls
A deductive model for historical anthropology - Contribution to an ecosystem-oriented interpretation framework
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Trace element content of human bones. An overview
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Processing of prehistoric bones for isotopic analysis and the meaning of collagen C/N ratios in the assessment of diagenetic effects
Impact of the choice of bone samples on trace element data in excavated human skeletons
Metastasizing carcinoma in a medieval skeleton
The paper describes the skeleton of an aged adult male from the Middle Ages who most probably suffered from a bronchogenetic carcinoma. The differential diagnosis is based on macroscopic and microscopic examination, X‐ray studies, and trace element analysis. Hypothesis for the etiology of the disease are discussed
Referate
Causes of infant mortality in the Middle Ages revealed by chemical and palaeopathological analyses of skeletal remains
In most prehistoric and historic populations, mortality of small infants is very high. Causes of death are mainly discussed in analogy to the situation in modern preindustrial societies. The children are at high risk to fall ill or even die especially in times of weaning. Trace element analysis of the skeletal remains of small infants excavated in Schleswig (northern Germany, 11th/12th century AD) led to the estimation of weaning age as well as t…
Trace elements in excavated human hair
Concentrations of the elements Ca, Sr, Mg, Zn and Cu were determined in excavated hair specimens and adherent, most probably soil remains from two sites in Germany. Though soil contamination obviously has occurred, the two groups could be distinguished by differential trace element contents in the hair samples. The trace element concentrations might be interpreted in terms of nutritional intake, the results being corroborated by preceding bone an…
Dietary shift during the 2nd millennium BC in Prehistoric Shimal, Oman Peninsula
Contrairement aux périodes précédentes et suivantes, le mode de vie et l'alimentation des populations du 2e millénaire dans le Golfe Arabique sont encore mal connus. Des squelettes humains du cimetière de Shimal, Ras al-Khaimah (EAU) ont été analysés afin de retrouver la présence ďoligo-éléments dans les os. L'échantillon recouvre des sépultures de trois périodes. Les résultats des analyses montrent un changement dans l'alimentation au cours de c…
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Prähistorische Anthropologie
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Nutrition depending on the social group in the Early Middle Ages based on skeletons excavated at Altenerding/Bavaria (Southern Germany, 5th to 7th century)
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (62 obras) · Geography (62 obras) · Biology (61 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (56 obras) · Archaeology (49 obras) · Chemistry (43 obras) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (31 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (30 obras) · Isotope analysis (28 obras) · Computer Science (24 obras)