Timothy G Bromage
Biographic Data
| ID | 86644 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Timothy G Bromage |
| GIVEN NAMES | Timothy G |
| FAMILY NAME | Bromage |
| SIGNATURE | BROMAGE T G |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9843-7993 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 824 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Characteristics of lithic artifact weathering at the Semizbugu surface site complex in semi-arid Central Kazakhstan
Dental wear in a marine economy: A case study from Philistine Ashkelon
In the Iron Age IIA Philistine cemetery at Ashkelon (modern Israel), roughly 11% of individuals exhibit severe and highly variable dental wear, which we explore here at two timescales: wear that accumulates over days and weeks (microwear) and wear that accumulates over months and years (macrowear). Using teeth from both adult and nonadult individuals, we first established categories of dental macrowear patterns and sorted individuals within them.…
Weaning, parturitions and illnesses are recorded in rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) dental cementum microstructure
Many open questions in evolutionary studies relate to species' physiological adaptations, including the evolution of their life history and reproductive strategies. There are few empirical methods capable of detecting and timing physiologically impactful events such as weaning, parturition and illnesses from hard tissue remains of either extant or extinct species. Cementum is an incremental tissue with post eruption annual periodicity, which cove…
Enamel multidien biological timing and body size variability among individuals of Chinese Han and Tibetan origins
Aims To measure the number of days of enamel formation between periodic striae of Retzius growth lines, the Retzius periodicity (RP), and to compare this multi-day, or multidien rhythm, to body height and weight among people from Beijing, China and Lhasa, Tibet/China.Subjects and methods Subjects requiring dental extractions from clinics in Beijing, China (N = 338) and Lhasa, Tibet/China (N = 227) provided a tooth and body size information. Multi…
A comprehensive survey of Retzius periodicities in fossil hominins and great apes
Faster growth corresponds with shallower linear hypoplastic defects in great ape canines
The biting performance of Homo sapiens and Homo heidelbergensis
A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from R wanda
OBJECTIVES: While dental development is important to life history investigations, data from wild known-aged great apes are scarce. We report on the first radiographic examination of dental development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas, using known-age skeletal samples recovered in Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 43 individuals (0.0-14.94 years), we collected radiographs of mandibular molars, and where possible, cone beam CT scans. Molar crown a…
Neurotoxins during the Renaissance. Bioarcheology of Ferrante II of Aragon (1469–1496) and Isabella of Aragon (1470–1524)
We show that statistical modeling of analytical results is useful in providing insights into metabolism and disease in bioarcheology. Our results also imply that during the Renaissance in Europe widespread pollution of the biosphere with heavy metals such as mercury and lead affected the Italian nobility at that time. The activity of biologic clocks which control metabolism and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function can be gleaned from the analy…
Age‐related changes in molar topography and shearing crest length in a wild population of mountain Gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Great ape teeth must remain functional over long lifespans. The molars of the most folivorous apes, the mountain gorillas, must maintain shearing function for 40+ years while the animals consume large quantities of mechanically challenging foods. While other folivorous primates experience dental senescence, which compromises their occlusal surfaces and affects their reproductive success as they age, it is unknown whether dental senesc…
Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates, although it remains unclear how individual age contributes to functional crown morphology. The aim of this study is to determine how age and individual diet are related to tooth wear in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We calculated the percent of dentine exposure (PDE) for all permanent mo…
Persistent C3 vegetation accompanied Plio-Pleistocene hominin evolution in the Malawi Rift (Chiwondo Beds, Malawi)
Primary bone microanatomy records developmental aspects of life history in catarrhine primates
The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils
Microbial osteolysis in an Early Pleistocene hominin (Paranthropus robustus) from Swartkrans, South Africa
Assessing heavy metal exposure in Renaissance Europe using synchrotron microbeam techniques
Donald H. Enlow: The integrative single double life of a hard tissue naturalist
The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils
Early Brain Growth Cessation in Wild Virunga Mountain Gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
Understanding the life history correlates of ontogenetic differences in hominoid brain growth requires information from multiple species. At present, however, data on how brain size changes over the course of development are only available from chimpanzees and modern humans. In this study, we examined brain growth in wild Virunga mountain gorillas using data derived from necropsy reports ( N = 34) and endocranial volume (EV) measurements ( N = 86…
Ontogenetic changes in limb bone structural proportions in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
The duration and rate of molar plate formation in Palaeoloxodon cypriotes and Mammuthus columbi from dental histology
Brief Communication: Molar development and crown areas in early Australopithecus
Recent studies suggest that the hypodigms representing the two earliest Australopithecus ( Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis ) form an ancestor‐descendant lineage. Understanding the details of this possible transition is important comparative evidence for assessing the likelihood of other examples of ancestor‐descendant lineages within the hominin clade. To this end we have analyzed crown and cusp base areas of high resolution replicas of the mandi…
New primate remains from Mwenirondo, Chiwondo Beds in northern Malawi
The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils
Portable confocal scanning optical microscopy of Australopithecus africanus enamel structure
Microscopic criteria for the determination of directionality of cutmarks on bone
Shipman and Rose (1983) have recently attracted attention to the fact that the determination of directionality of cutmarks could possibly provide additional evidence for interpretation of early hominid butchering practices and handedness. They found no criteria of directionality, however. We have previously recognized directionality in cut dental tissues and more recently in bone, and so we undertook a study of over 200 experimentally produced cu…
Age at death of the Neanderthal child from Devil's Tower, Gibraltar and the implications for studies of general growth and development in Neanderthals
This study combines traditional methods of assessing dental developmental status based upon modern human standards with new techniques based upon histological observations in order to reassess the age at death of the Gibraltar child from Devil's Tower. The results indicate that the most likely age of this individual at death was 3 years of age. This result is in agreement with an independent assessment of the age of the temporal bone of this spec…
Paleoanthropology of the Malawi Rift: An early hominid mandible from the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi
The biological and chronological maturation of early hominids
Interpretation of scanning electron microscopic images of abraded forming bone surfaces
The experimental abrasion of forming bone surfaces was conducted so that such surfaces could be characterized. This is particularly important to bone remodeling studies utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of archeological material. Forming surfaces derived from subadult macaque cranial bone were treated by particle abrasion, water abrasion, sliding abrasion, brushing, manual rubbing, weight, exfoliation, chipping and replication.…
Ontogeny of the early hominid face
Enamel incremental periodicity in the pig‐tailed macaque: A polychrome fluorescent labeling study of dental hard tissues
Bromage and Dean originally outlined a nondestructive method for the study of enamel formation and concluded that early hominids resembled the extant apes more closely than they did modern humans in their rates of growth and maturation. The method used assumed that an enamel circadian rhythmicity was referable to a longer near‐weekly period represented by perikymata (periodic surface growth features). This assumption became a matter of debate and…
Buccal striations on fossil human anterior teeth: Evidence of handedness in the middle and early Upper Pleistocene
Ontogenetic changes in limb bone structural proportions in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Variation in enamel development of South African fossil hominids
The ontogeny of Pan troglodytes craniofacial architectural relationships and implications for early hominids
The first Paranthropus from the Malawi Rift
Age‐related changes in molar topography and shearing crest length in a wild population of mountain Gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Great ape teeth must remain functional over long lifespans. The molars of the most folivorous apes, the mountain gorillas, must maintain shearing function for 40+ years while the animals consume large quantities of mechanically challenging foods. While other folivorous primates experience dental senescence, which compromises their occlusal surfaces and affects their reproductive success as they age, it is unknown whether dental senesc…
Persistent C3 vegetation accompanied Plio-Pleistocene hominin evolution in the Malawi Rift (Chiwondo Beds, Malawi)
Biogeographic and climatic basis for a narrative of early hominid evolution
Microbial osteolysis in an Early Pleistocene hominin (Paranthropus robustus) from Swartkrans, South Africa
Hominid Corridor Research Project update: New Pliocene fossil localities at Lake Manyara and putative oldest Early Stone Age occurrences at Laetoli (Upper Ndolanya Beds), northern Tanzania
The biting performance of Homo sapiens and Homo heidelbergensis
Assessing heavy metal exposure in Renaissance Europe using synchrotron microbeam techniques
Paleoecology of the Malawi Rift: Vertebrate and invertebrate faunal contexts of the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi
Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates, although it remains unclear how individual age contributes to functional crown morphology. The aim of this study is to determine how age and individual diet are related to tooth wear in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We calculated the percent of dentine exposure (PDE) for all permanent mo…
Paleobiogeography of the Malawi Rift: Age and vertebrate paleontology of the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi
Faster growth corresponds with shallower linear hypoplastic defects in great ape canines
New primate remains from Mwenirondo, Chiwondo Beds in northern Malawi
A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from R wanda
OBJECTIVES: While dental development is important to life history investigations, data from wild known-aged great apes are scarce. We report on the first radiographic examination of dental development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas, using known-age skeletal samples recovered in Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 43 individuals (0.0-14.94 years), we collected radiographs of mandibular molars, and where possible, cone beam CT scans. Molar crown a…
Interpretation of scanning electron microscopic images of abraded forming bone surfaces
The experimental abrasion of forming bone surfaces was conducted so that such surfaces could be characterized. This is particularly important to bone remodeling studies utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of archeological material. Forming surfaces derived from subadult macaque cranial bone were treated by particle abrasion, water abrasion, sliding abrasion, brushing, manual rubbing, weight, exfoliation, chipping and replication.…
Microscopic criteria for the determination of directionality of cutmarks on bone
Shipman and Rose (1983) have recently attracted attention to the fact that the determination of directionality of cutmarks could possibly provide additional evidence for interpretation of early hominid butchering practices and handedness. They found no criteria of directionality, however. We have previously recognized directionality in cut dental tissues and more recently in bone, and so we undertook a study of over 200 experimentally produced cu…
Age at death of the Neanderthal child from Devil's Tower, Gibraltar and the implications for studies of general growth and development in Neanderthals
This study combines traditional methods of assessing dental developmental status based upon modern human standards with new techniques based upon histological observations in order to reassess the age at death of the Gibraltar child from Devil's Tower. The results indicate that the most likely age of this individual at death was 3 years of age. This result is in agreement with an independent assessment of the age of the temporal bone of this spec…
A cercopithecoid tooth from the pliocene of Malawi
The biological and chronological maturation of early hominids
Buccal striations on fossil human anterior teeth: Evidence of handedness in the middle and early Upper Pleistocene
Ontogeny of the early hominid face
On ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins of the human chin
Issues related to mineralized tissue biology in human evolutionary research
Enamel incremental periodicity in the pig‐tailed macaque: A polychrome fluorescent labeling study of dental hard tissues
Bromage and Dean originally outlined a nondestructive method for the study of enamel formation and concluded that early hominids resembled the extant apes more closely than they did modern humans in their rates of growth and maturation. The method used assumed that an enamel circadian rhythmicity was referable to a longer near‐weekly period represented by perikymata (periodic surface growth features). This assumption became a matter of debate and…
The ontogeny of Pan troglodytes craniofacial architectural relationships and implications for early hominids
Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift
Hominid Corridor Research Project update: New Pliocene fossil localities at Lake Manyara and putative oldest Early Stone Age occurrences at Laetoli (Upper Ndolanya Beds), northern Tanzania
Paleoanthropology of the Malawi Rift: An early hominid mandible from the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi
Biogeographic and climatic basis for a narrative of early hominid evolution
Paleoecology of the Malawi Rift: Vertebrate and invertebrate faunal contexts of the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi
Paleobiogeography of the Malawi Rift: Age and vertebrate paleontology of the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi
African Biogeography, Climate Change, & Human Evolution
This interdisciplinary book interprets early human evolution in the context of the local ecology and specific habitats. It assesses carefully the possible role of climate change in driving early human evolution. Bringing an ecological and biogeographic perspective to recent fossil finds, the book provides a new synthesis of ideas on hominid evolution. It will be a valuable resource for researchers in physical, biological, or paleoanthropology, ev…
The first Paranthropus from the Malawi Rift
Early Hominid diversity, age and biogeography of the Malawi-Rift
Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior fro the Human Skeleton
Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior fro the Human Skeleton. Clark Spencer Larsen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 461 pp
Variation in enamel development of South African fossil hominids
The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils
Portable confocal scanning optical microscopy of Australopithecus africanus enamel structure
New primate remains from Mwenirondo, Chiwondo Beds in northern Malawi
Biology (40 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (34 works) · Paleontology (29 works) · Paleontology (26 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (23 works) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (19 works) · Geography (19 works) · Evolutionary biology (17 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (16 works) · Geology (15 works)