Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
Biographic Data
| ID | 874382 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa |
| GIVEN NAMES | Waleska Teixeira |
| FAMILY NAME | Caiaffa |
| SIGNATURE | CAIAFFA W T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5043-4980 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 141 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 377 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 141 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Community resilience to climate change and non-communicable disease vulnerability in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Background: Climate change and rapid urbanisation have intensified flood risk in Global South cities, exacerbating health inequities, especially through non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, little is known about how community resilience strategies to key climate change consequences like flooding affect NCD risk in rapidly growing cities of the Global South. Methods: We used a Community-Based System Dynamics (CBSD) approach to examine flood …
Collective learning for resilience in Global South cities
Introduction: Cities in the Global South face escalating climate change challenges, including extreme weather events that disproportionately affect marginalized populations and exacerbate health risks, such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Climate resilience, defined as the capacity to adapt and recover from climate-related events, requires intersectoral collaboration between governments and civil society. Methods: This study employs a Commun…
Associations between social and built environments and cardiovascular disease mortality across 342 Latin American cities
Background: Latin American cities have heterogeneous mortality and urban environment profiles. We aim to describe the variability in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality across and within cities, and within and between Latin American countries, and investigate the associations between urban environmental features and CVD mortality in these areas. Methods: Using harmonised data from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (i.e. Urban Health in Latin …
Gender Differences in Social Determinants of Hypertension Among Older Brazilian Adults Residing in Urban Areas
Percepção da vizinhança e sintomas depressivos
OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre sintomas depressivos e a percepção da vizinhança entre adultos mais velhos residentes em áreas urbanas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal incluindo 7.115 indivíduos (≥ 50 anos) da linha de base (2015–2016) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), residentes em áreas urbanas, com informações completas sobre o desfecho e respostas sem auxílio de respondente substituto. O …
Interseccionalidade e insegurança alimentar em favelas de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
A insegurança alimentar gera graves implicações para a saúde e a vida das populações. Muitos determinantes sociais já foram identificados, mas a compreensão da insegurança alimentar ainda é limitada devido a uma visão fragmentada que desarticula as diferentes dimensões de vulnerabilidade. Este estudo objetiva analisar a (in)segurança alimentar sob o olhar da interseccionalidade, tendo como local de estudo duas favelas de Belo Horizonte (Minas Ger…
Are extensions in paid parental leave associated with lower infant and neonatal mortality in Latin American cities? Evidence from 148 cities in Chile, Mexico, and Colombia (2000-2015)
We examined changes in infant and neonatal mortality that occurred after extension in the minimum number of days of paid maternity leave and after the implementation of paid paternity leave in 148 cities using longitudinal city-level data (2000-2015) from Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, compiled and harmonized by the Salud Urbana en America Latina (SALURBAL) study. For Chile we also explored variations in these associations according to the mother's…
Raça, gênero, renda e percepção da vizinhança de adultos mais velhos brasileiros
Exploramos as diferenças de gênero, raça/cor e renda domiciliar per capita na percepção da vizinhança entre brasileiros adultos mais velhos residentes de áreas urbanas a partir dos dados de 7.357 participantes do ELSI-Brasil. Estimou-se as prevalências ajustadas por sexo e idade da percepção da vizinhança. Foi construída uma matriz de processos de processos destrutivos e protetores a partir da literatura e dos resultados, que mostram piores perce…
Social epidemiology of urban Covid-19 inequalities in Latin America and Canada
Just as critical epidemiology points to individuals biologically embodying the material and social conditions in which we live, it may be just as useful to think of cities reifying their material and social inequities in the form of sub-city unit-level infectious disease inequities. By shifting away from a typical vulnerability-based social determinants of health frame, policymakers could act to redress and reduce externalities stemming from sub-…
Urban Environments, Health, and Environmental Sustainability
Despite the relevance of cities and city policies for health, there has been limited examination of large numbers of cities aimed at characterizing urban health determinants and identifying effective policies. The relatively few comparative studies that exist include few cities in lower and middle income countries. The Salud Urbana en America Latina study (SALURBAL) was launched in 2017 to address this gap. The study has four aims: (1) to investi…
Association Between Household Deprivation and Living in Informal Settlements and Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Under 5 in Eleven Latin American Cities
Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in children globally, mostly due to inadequate sanitary conditions and overcrowding. Poor housing quality and lack of tenure security that characterize informal settlements are key underlying contributors to these risk factors for childhood diarrhea deaths. The objective of this study is to better understand the physical attributes of informal settlement households in Latin American cities that are associated …
Research Translation to Promote Urban Health in Latin America
In highly urbanized and unequal Latin America, urban health and health equity research are essential to effective policymaking. To ensure the application of relevant and context-specific evidence to efforts to reduce urban health inequities, urban health research in Latin America must incorporate strategic research translation efforts. Beginning in 2017, the Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) project implemented policy-relevant research and…
Características da vizinhança em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
A observação social sistemática (OSS) é um método objetivo de mensuração das características físicas e sociais da vizinhança. O objetivo foi construir indicadores intraurbanos a partir do método de OSS e compará-los entre duas favelas e seus entornos em uma capital brasileira. Os indicadores simples foram calculados pelo método de estimadores de razão e agrupados em domínios. A análise de componentes principais gerou os indicadores compostos, sen…
Gender and urban health
Latin American cities have evolved via exclusionary historical processes, resulting in hasty and unplanned urbanization, insufficient infrastructure, and extreme levels of violence. These issues have well-documented health implications. In urban settings, gender may lead to unequal access to opportunities and services, however, its consideration into policies, interventions, and research remains insufficient, potentially exacerbating urban inequi…
Covid-Inconfidentes - Sars-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two Brazilian urban areas in the fourth quarter 2020
Objective: To describe study protocol and initial results of research project COVID-Inconfidentes. Method: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consi…
Which physical and social characteristics of Brazilian cities contribute to physical activity of adolescents
This study aimed to analyze the association between adolescents’ physical activity and the Brazilian capitals’ built and social environment. The units of analysis of this ecological study were the 26 capitals and the Federal District, with data from the National Adolescent Health Survey (2012). The outcome variable was the reported regular physical activity (PA) of ninth graders in Brazilian schools. Exposure variables included characteristics of…
Gender differences in the association of individual and contextual socioeconomic status with hypertension in 230 Latin American cities from the Salurbal study
The social patterning of hypertension differs by gender and by the level of analysis highlighting the importance of context- and gender-sensitive approaches and policies to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Latin America
Physical and social neighborhood disorder in Latin American cities
Neighborhood disorder is an important aspect that may influence the health of residents in urban areas. The aims of this study were to map and systematize methods for measuring physical and social neighborhood disorder in studies conducted in Latin American cities. By means of a scoping review, articles published from 2000 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese with the following descriptors were mapped: neighborhood, physical disorder, and social d…
Social environment characteristics are related to self-rated health in four Latin America countries
We investigated the associations of social and built environment and demographic features of urban areas with self-rated health among adults living in four Latin American countries. We estimated multilevel models with harmonized data from 69,840 adults, nested in 262 sub-cities and 112 cities, obtained from the Salud Urbana en América Latina project. Poor self-rated health was inversely associated with services provision score at the sub-city-lev…
Desordem física e social da vizinhança em cidades da América Latina
A desordem da vizinhança é um importante aspecto que pode impactar a saúde de residentes em áreas urbanas. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram mapear e sistematizar os métodos de mensuração da desordem física e social na vizinhança em estudos realizados em cidades da América Latina. Por meio de revisão de escopo, foram mapeados artigos publicados a partir do ano 2000 em inglês, espanhol e português com os seguintes descritores: vizinhança, desordem…
The influence of neighborhood safety and built environment on childhood obesity
This study aims to analyze the isolated and combined effect of objective measures concerning neighborhood safety, food, and physical activity environments on students' obesity. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 9- and 10-year-old children enrolled in the municipal education network of a Brazilian metropolis. Environment objective measures comprised neighborhood unsafety (annual criminality and road traffic accident rates), availabili…
Modification of temperature-related human mortality by area-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in Latin American cities
Evidence of effect modification of cold-related mortality in Latin American cities was limited, and unexpected patterns of modification of heat-related mortality were observed. Socioeconomic deprivation may impact cold-related mortality, particularly among the elderly. The findings of higher levels of poverty and income inequality associated with lower heat-related mortality deserve further investigation given the increasing importance of urban a…
Inequality and income segregation in Brazilian cities
Residential segregation has brought significant challenges to cities worldwide and has important implications for health. This study aimed to assess income segregation in the 152 largest Brazilian cities in the SALURBAL Project. We identify specific socioeconomic characteristics related to residential segregation by income using the Brazilian demographic census of 2010 and calculated the income dissimilarity index (IDI) at the census tract level …
Spatial inequalities of retail food stores may determine availability of healthful food choices in a Brazilian metropolis
Objective: To examine the association between economic residential segregation and food environment. Design: Ecological: Food stores categorised according to the NOVA classification were geocoded, and absolute availability was calculated for each neighbourhood. Segregation was measured using local G i * statistic, a measure of the sd between the economic composition of a neighbourhood (the proportion of heads of households in neighbourhoods earn …
Time trends of physical activity for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population
This time-series study examined a 10-year historical series of the physical activity prevalence for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population. Information from 512,969 adults interviewed from the Vigitel between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. Individuals who reported practicing at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity were considered activ…
Slum Health
The informal settlements of the Global South are the least prepared for the pandemic of COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and secure and adequate housing are already in short supply or non-existent. Further, space constraints, violence, and overcrowding in slums make physical distancing and self-quarantine impractical, and the rapid spread of an infection highly likely. Residents of informal se…
Comunidades quilombolas de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial em residentes das comunidades quilombolas e avaliar possíveis fatores associados. Foi realizado um inquérito de base populacional em uma amostra de 797 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais. A hipertensão arterial foi definida por pressão arterial sistólica > 140mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica > 90mmHg e/ou uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Empregou-se a regressão de Poisson…
Regressão logística ordinal em estudos epidemiológicos
Os modelos de regressão logística ordinal vêm sendo aplicados com sucesso na análise de estudos epidemiológicos. Entretanto, a verificação da adequação de cada modelo tem recebido atenção limitada. O artigo apresenta uma breve análise dos principais modelos de regressão logística ordinal e as estratégias para ajuste s, as técnicas de verificação de qualidade do ajuste, bem como os comandos para execução nos softwares R e Stata. A metodologia é il…
Building a Data Platform for Cross-Country Urban Health Studies
Studies examining urban health and the environment must ensure comparability of measures across cities and countries. We describe a data platform and process that integrates health outcomes together with physical and social environment data to examine multilevel aspects of health across cities in 11 Latin American countries. We used two complementary sources to identify cities with ≥ 100,000 inhabitants as of 2010 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Col…
Assessing the Psychometric and Ecometric Properties of Neighborhood Scales in Developing Countries
Consumo de nutrientes em adultos e idosos em estudo de base populacional
Inquérito alimentar populacional em amostra aleatória de 550 indivíduos > ou = 18 anos, realizado em Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando o Questionário Semiquantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar e recordatório 24 horas calibrados pela técnica de regressão linear. A análise constou de comparação de médias, teste de qui-quadrado e razão de adequação do nutriente (RAN-adequada: 90,0-110,0%). Foi baixo o percentual da população que apresentou RAN …
Self-rated health in urban adults, perceptions of the physical and social environment, and reported comorbidities
This study assesses the prevalence of poor self-rated health and investigates its association with individual and environmental characteristics in adults with and without reported morbidity. A household survey assessed 4,048 adults in two districts of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We used Poisson regression with robust variance stratified by the presence of reported morbidity. Prevalence of poor self-rated health was 29.9% (42.6% in…
The urban environment from the health perspective
This study aims to determine spatial patterns of mortality and morbidity for five health problems in an urban environment: homicides, adolescent pregnancy, asthma hospitalization, and two vector-borne diseases, dengue and visceral leishmaniasis. All events were obtained through the city health database and geoprocessed using residential addresses and 80 planning units consisting of census tracts. We used thematic maps, proportionate mortality/mor…
Social Determinants of the Health of Urban Populations
A full understanding of the role of the urban environment in shaping the health of populations requires consideration of different features of the urban environment that may influence population health. The social environment is key to understanding the way in which cities affect the health of populations. Social determinants of health (SDH) are important, generally, yet can have different effects in different settings from urban to rural, betwee…
Spatial Vulnerability to Dengue in a Brazilian Urban Area During a 7-Year Surveillance
Developing a Conceptual Framework of Urban Health Observatories toward Integrating Research and Evidence into Urban Policy for Health and Health Equity
Imputação múltipla e análise de casos completos em modelos de regressão logística
Pesquisadores da área da saúde lidam frequentemente com o problema das bases de dados incompletas. A Análise de Casos Completos (ACC), que restringe as análises aos indivíduos com dados completos, reduz o tamanho da amostra e pode produzir estimativas viciadas. Baseado em fundamentos estatísticos, o método de Imputação Múltipla (IM) utiliza todos os dados coletados e é recomendado como alternativa à ACC. Dados do estudo Saúde em Beagá, inquérito …
Instrumento para condução de observação social sistemática
A observação social sistemática tem sido utilizada para a coleta de informações do entorno físico e social da vizinhança. Os objetivos deste artigo foram descrever a operacionalização da observação social sistemática do entorno físico e social de vizinhanças urbanas e avaliar a concordância do instrumento utilizado. O instrumento foi elaborado para coleta de informações em diferentes domínios. No total, 1.306 segmentos de rua, pertencentes a 149 …
Unidade de contexto e observação social sistemática em saúde
Assumimos que "onde você mora é importante para sua saúde, para além de quem você é". Entendemos que o impacto do local de moradia ou unidade de contexto (UC) na saúde das populações se deve à heterogeneidade dos atributos do entorno físico e social da UC, para além das características individuais ou agregadas daqueles ali aninhados. Estes atributos, embora dependentes dos indivíduos, são tipicamente externos a eles e potencialmente modificáveis.…
Indicadores de saúde materno infantil em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2001
A análise espacial de indicadores de saúde tem sido um importante instrumento na detecção de diferenciais intra-urbanos. O estudo objetivou traçar um perfil dos nascimentos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2001, analisando a presença de conglomerados espaciais de indicadores de saúde do recém-nascido e suas mães, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Para cada área de abrangência das Unidades Básicas de Saúd…
Consumo alimentar da população adulta segundo perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico
Foi realizado inquérito nutricional em amostra probabilística de 546 indivíduos (idade > 18 anos), residentes na cidade de Bambuí (15 mil habitantes), Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando-se o Questionário Semiquantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar (QSFA). A mediana de ingestão calórica entre mulheres e homens foi de 2.807 e 3.775kcal, respectivamente. Homens ingeriram quatro vezes mais álcool que mulheres e estas, mais carboidratos, fibras e ácidos gr…
Assessing Google Street View Image Availability in Latin American Cities
Virtual audits using Google Street View are an increasingly popular method of assessing neighborhood environments for health and urban planning research. However, the validity of these studies may be threatened by issues of image availability, image age, and variance of image age, particularly in the Global South. This study identifies patterns of Street View image availability, image age, and image age variance across cities in Latin America and…
Urban upgrading and its impact on health
There is little scientific evidence that urban upgrading helps improve health or reduce inequities. This article presents the design for the BH-Viva Project, a "quasi-experimental", multiphase, mixed-methods study with quantitative and qualitative components, proposing an analytical model for monitoring the effects that interventions in the urban environment can have on residents' health in slums in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A p…
As concepções de risco e de prevenção segundo a ótica dos usuários de drogas injetáveis
O presente estudo objetivou analisar, em caráter exploratório e segundo uma abordagem qualitativa, a ótica dos usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDI) sobre: (a) riscos associados à prática injetável; (b) riscos frente ao HIV/AIDS; (c) prevenção diante do HIV/AIDS. O estudo foi feito em cinco cidades que possuíam o Projeto de Redução de Danos (Projeto AjUDE-Brasil). Foram realizadas quarenta entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O conceito de "risco" foi a …
The place where you live and self-rated health in a large urban area
The aim of this study was to determine and quantify the association between one's perception of the place of residence and self-rated health. 4,048 adult residents of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, participated in the study in 2008 and 2009. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the magnitude of the association. Health was rated as good or very good, fair, or poor or very poor by 65.7%, 27.8%, and 6.5% of the subjects, res…
Aids incidence and mortality in injecting drug users
This paper presents AIDS incidence and mortality among injecting drug users (IDUs) reached by the AjUDE-Brasil II Project. From a cross-sectional survey, 478 IDUs were interviewed in three Brazilian cities: Porto Alegre, São José do Rio Preto, and Itajaí. The cohort was followed up in the Brazilian surveillance database for AIDS and mortality during 2000 and 2001. AIDS incidence was 1.1 cases per 100 person-years, and the mortality rate was 2.8 d…
Profile of male Brazilian injecting drug users who have sex with men
This study aims to characterize the profile of male injecting drug users who have sex with other men (MSM IDUs) recruited through a cross-sectional multi-city survey (AjUDE-Brasil II Project) in six Brazilian cities, in 2000-2001. MSM IDUs were compared to other male IDUs using bivariate and multivariate procedures (logistic regression and answer tree analysis with the CHAID algorithm). Among the 709 male IDUs, 187 (26.4%) reported ever having ha…
Using community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities
We discuss the design, implementation, and results of a collaborative process designed to elucidate the complex systems that drive food behaviors, transport, and health in Latin American cities and to build capacity for systems thinking and community-based system dynamics (CBSD) methods among diverse research team members and stakeholders. During three CBSD workshops, 62 stakeholders from 10 Latin American countries identified 98 variables and a …
Extending Data for Urban Health Decision-Making
Area-level indicators of the determinants of health are vital to plan and monitor progress toward targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tools such as the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) and UN-Habitat Urban Inequities Surveys identify dozens of area-level health determinant indicators that decision-makers can use to track and attempt to address population health burdens and inequalities. However,…
Association of socioeconomic factors with body mass index, obesity, physical activity, and dietary factors in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Obesity prevalence is rapidly increasing in developing countries. Existing research investigating social patterning of obesity and its risk factors in Latin American urban contexts has inconsistent findings. This study analyzed a multistage household survey in adults in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Marginal models were used to examine the association of education and household and neighborhood income with body mass index (BMI), obe…
Resurgimiento de la epidemia de sarampión
This study aims to describe the measles vaccination campaigns that have been carried out in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, since 1988; to highlight their importance in the control of the disease, and to pinpoint the age groups at risk during the recent epidemic, which began in 1996, spread all over the country, and declined in 1998. However, the analysis includes only data up to September 1997. The methodology used was based on the birth coho…
As concepções de risco e de prevenção segundo a ótica dos usuários de drogas injetáveis
O presente estudo objetivou analisar, em caráter exploratório e segundo uma abordagem qualitativa, a ótica dos usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDI) sobre: (a) riscos associados à prática injetável; (b) riscos frente ao HIV/AIDS; (c) prevenção diante do HIV/AIDS. O estudo foi feito em cinco cidades que possuíam o Projeto de Redução de Danos (Projeto AjUDE-Brasil). Foram realizadas quarenta entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O conceito de "risco" foi a …
Estimation of the Number of Injecting Drug Users Attending an Outreach Syringe-Exchange Program and Infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus
Oportunidades perdidas de imunização antitetânica de gestantes de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
The low immunization coverage was below the level recommended by the World Health Organization. In combination with the high rate of missed opportunities for vaccination, this points to the need to implement a tetanus vaccination promotion strategy directed at health professionals in general but especially at those who provide care for pregnant women, in both public and private health clinics. In addition, the vaccination practices in Juiz de For…
Practices surrounding syringe acquisition and disposal
Ecological analyses and the evaluation of needle and syringe programmes
Consumo alimentar da população adulta segundo perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico
Foi realizado inquérito nutricional em amostra probabilística de 546 indivíduos (idade > 18 anos), residentes na cidade de Bambuí (15 mil habitantes), Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando-se o Questionário Semiquantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar (QSFA). A mediana de ingestão calórica entre mulheres e homens foi de 2.807 e 3.775kcal, respectivamente. Homens ingeriram quatro vezes mais álcool que mulheres e estas, mais carboidratos, fibras e ácidos gr…
Fórum
Consumo de nutrientes em adultos e idosos em estudo de base populacional
Inquérito alimentar populacional em amostra aleatória de 550 indivíduos > ou = 18 anos, realizado em Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando o Questionário Semiquantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar e recordatório 24 horas calibrados pela técnica de regressão linear. A análise constou de comparação de médias, teste de qui-quadrado e razão de adequação do nutriente (RAN-adequada: 90,0-110,0%). Foi baixo o percentual da população que apresentou RAN …
Factors associated with low quality of life in schizophrenia
Interest in quality of life in mental health care has been stimulated by the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients as well as a parallel interest in understanding the scope of their daily lives. This study aims to investigate the socio-demographic and clinical variables related to low quality of life, using a cross-sectional design to evaluate quality of life by means of the QLS-BR scale. We interviewed a sample of 123 outpatients from a…
The urban environment from the health perspective
This study aims to determine spatial patterns of mortality and morbidity for five health problems in an urban environment: homicides, adolescent pregnancy, asthma hospitalization, and two vector-borne diseases, dengue and visceral leishmaniasis. All events were obtained through the city health database and geoprocessed using residential addresses and 80 planning units consisting of census tracts. We used thematic maps, proportionate mortality/mor…
Aids incidence and mortality in injecting drug users
This paper presents AIDS incidence and mortality among injecting drug users (IDUs) reached by the AjUDE-Brasil II Project. From a cross-sectional survey, 478 IDUs were interviewed in three Brazilian cities: Porto Alegre, São José do Rio Preto, and Itajaí. The cohort was followed up in the Brazilian surveillance database for AIDS and mortality during 2000 and 2001. AIDS incidence was 1.1 cases per 100 person-years, and the mortality rate was 2.8 d…
Profile of male Brazilian injecting drug users who have sex with men
This study aims to characterize the profile of male injecting drug users who have sex with other men (MSM IDUs) recruited through a cross-sectional multi-city survey (AjUDE-Brasil II Project) in six Brazilian cities, in 2000-2001. MSM IDUs were compared to other male IDUs using bivariate and multivariate procedures (logistic regression and answer tree analysis with the CHAID algorithm). Among the 709 male IDUs, 187 (26.4%) reported ever having ha…
Utilization of HIV/Aids treatment services
This study compared healthcare utilization by injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs. Data were abstracted from patients' medical records, admitted on HIV/AIDS treatment centers, between 1986 and 2002, forming a non-concurrent cohort study. Variables included: sociodemographics, HIV/AIDS exposure group, healthcare utilization (consultations, procedures, and prescriptions). Descriptive analyses included age-period and cohort effects. Out of 170 …
Characteristics of male and female injecting drug users of the AjUDE-Brasil II Project
The object of this study is to compare female and male injection drug users (IDUs) in terms of sociodemographic profile and aspects of their initiation to the use of injection drugs. It was a cross-sectional and multicentric study realized in 2000-2001 in six Brazilian syringe-exchange programs. 146 women and 709 men were interviewed, with average ages of 29.5 and 28.3 years, respectively. Both began injection drug use at similar ages, 18.6 and 1…
HCV and HIV infection and co-infection
This study aimed to characterize sexual and drug-use behaviors in injecting drug users (IDUs) in relation to single hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and HCV/HIV co-infection. The sample consisted of 272 IDUs enrolled in the AjUDE-Brasil I Project, a cross-sectional multi-center study conducted in five Brazilian cities in 1998. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire using self-reported risk beha…
Indicadores de saúde materno infantil em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2001
A análise espacial de indicadores de saúde tem sido um importante instrumento na detecção de diferenciais intra-urbanos. O estudo objetivou traçar um perfil dos nascimentos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2001, analisando a presença de conglomerados espaciais de indicadores de saúde do recém-nascido e suas mães, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Para cada área de abrangência das Unidades Básicas de Saúd…
Injecting drug users who are (un)aware of their HIV serostatus
This study aimed to characterize the profiles of injecting drug users (IDUs) who were unaware of their HIV serostatus, given the importance of this information for prevention strategies, especially in this vulnerable population, key to the HIV/AIDS dynamic. As part of a cross-sectional multi-city survey, IDUs were interviewed and HIV-tested by the ELISA technique. IDUs were categorized according to knowledge of their own HIV status as either awar…
A capture-recapture technique to estimate the size of the injecting drug user population attending syringe exchange programs
This paper presents the results of a study with a two-occasion capture-recapture design. The data are part of the AjUDE-Brasil II Project, carried out in 2000-2001. Estimation of the size of the IDU population attending a syringe-exchange program (SEP) in São José do Rio Preto, Salvador, and Porto Alegre, Brazil, was performed using Chao's model. Capture probabilities were also estimated. For Porto Alegre a comparison of the results from the AjUD…
The contribution of two Brazilian multi-center studies to the assessment of HIV and HCV infection and prevention strategies among injecting drug users
This study assessed 1,144 Brazilian injecting drug users (IDUs) recruited on the street through outreach syringe exchange programs by two multi-center cross-sectional studies: 287 IDUs were recruited during the AjUDE-Brasil I Project and 857 during the AjUDE-Brasil II Project. IDU characteristics related to drug use and sexual behavior, and legal and health conditions for the two studies were compared, using decision tree and logistic regression …
Qualidade de vida e dimensão ocupacional na esquizofrenia
A esquizofrenia afeta desfavoravelmente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, mas seu impacto pode variar de acordo com o sexo. Diferenças relatadas têm orientado o planejamento de intervenções específicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a qualidade de vida por sexo em pacientes com esquizofrenia, explorando o domínio ocupacional. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial, mensurando a qualidade de vida…
Redução de danos
A comparative study of methods for diagnosis of obesity in an urban mixed-race population in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Background Obesity is defined as an excess of total body fat and may be assessed by different methods. The objective of the present study was to establish the discriminatory power of anthropometric data in determining obesity. Methods The subjects comprised 685 individuals, aged 20–79 years, sampled from a population-based survey. The following indicators were used: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat percentage est…
The children of mama coca
Social Determinants of the Health of Urban Populations
A full understanding of the role of the urban environment in shaping the health of populations requires consideration of different features of the urban environment that may influence population health. The social environment is key to understanding the way in which cities affect the health of populations. Social determinants of health (SDH) are important, generally, yet can have different effects in different settings from urban to rural, betwee…
Medicine (103 works) · Geography (70 works) · Environmental health (68 works) · Population (62 works) · Demography (61 works) · Sociology (48 works) · Psychology (43 works) · Gerontology (40 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (39 works) · Political science (36 works)