Robert W Schrauf
Biographic Data
| ID | 87645 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert W Schrauf |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert W |
| FAMILY NAME | Schrauf |
| SIGNATURE | SCHRAUF R W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6056-6864 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 91 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Shortlisting candidates”: Syntactically incomplete turns in assessments of absent third parties
On 'doing being moral' in the research interview
In qualitative research interviews, participants sometimes relate vivid, ethically charged accounts of their lifeworlds. However, the genre constraints of the interview discourage interviewers from expressions of direct affiliation (agreement, approval, disapproval) with the interviewee's moral stances and rather encourage expressions of conversational alignment (attention, interest, comprehension) to keep the information flowing. Interviewees fo…
Disaster solidarity and survivor ethics: A case study of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico
Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre-disaster patterns of interaction. Neverthe…
Epistemic responsibility - Labored, loosened, and lost: Staging Alzheimer's disease
Linguistic stance: An integrative paradigm for mixed methods social science
This article develops an integrative mixed methods framework grounded in stancetaking as the originary act through which qualitative interview and quantitative survey data are generated. The article examines how the basics of 'everyday' social stance-evaluation, positioning, and alignment within a sociocultural field-are strategically manipulated by social scientists in the twinned conditions of the interview and the survey. Relative to interview…
Aage Obituary for Madelyn (Micki) Iris, PhD
Aging, memory loss, and Alzheimer’s disease: What do refugees from the former Soviet Union think
Since the mid-1970s, approximately 700,000 émigrés from the former Soviet Union (FSU), most of Jewish descent, settled in the United States. Now, 25 or more years post-emigration, they have “aged in place” in the United States, but their values, beliefs, and attitudes about growing old, memory changes, and Alzheimer’s disease remain grounded in their earlier life experiences. Based on findings from a study of the social and cultural factors affec…
Mixed Methods Designs for Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Mixed methods, cross-cultural designs are a special case of the more general, mixed methods between-groups designs. The defining feature of mixed methods is the principled integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches, and cross-cultural comparison is premised on the systematic collection and analysis of data from two or more cultural settings for the explicit purpose of between-groups comparisons. This article explores the interaction o…
How to construct a case of Alzheimer's disease in three languages: Case-based reasoning in narrative gerontology
This paper explores how people reason about Alzheimer's disease by telling stories about others who have the disease. More specifically, the paper is a cross-linguistic investigation of the narrative and linguistic devices used by African Americans in English, Mexican Americans in Spanish, and refugees/immigrants from the former Soviet Union (to the United States of America) in Russian in their oral productions of such stories. We examine the nar…
Age Effects and Sample Size in Free Listing
The literature in the psychology of aging shows cognitive declines among older adults in many abilities. This study addresses the question of whether informant age affects production in free listing. The study compares numbers of free-listed items across four quotidian domains by groups of older ( n = 30) versus younger ( n = 31) adults. Smaller samples of five, ten, fifteen, twenty, and twenty-five were also analyzed to assess age by sample size…
Intracultural Variation in Cross-Cultural Gerontology
English Use Among Older Bilingual Immigrants in Linguistically Concentrated Neighborhoods: Social Proficiency and Internal Speech as Intracultural Variation
Using Freelisting to Identify, Assess, and Characterize Age Differences in Shared Cultural Domains
The concatenation of these techniques renders freelisting an accessible, easily administered tool for probing age and group differences in cultural domains
Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing
Using Existing Tests and Scales in the Field
Fieldworkers often adopt existing scales and tests for use in the field from the voluminous social science literature. Frequently, these instruments have been developed and validated on samples that differ markedly from those encountered in the field. To address this situation, this article proposes four steps for critically examining and adjusting the results from such existing scales. These are (1) evaluating the psycho-metric properties of the…
Language’ and ‘Feel’ of Bilingual Memory: Mnemonic traces
How are language and emotion integrated in the mnemonic trace underlying reconstructive retrieval? Does remembering in the first versus the second language affect the feel of memories? In a protocol analysis of the kinds of information activated during memory search, Schrauf (2003) found that, as participants followed a train of associations in response to cue words, they most often evoked visual images (66%) vs. verbal (17%), feeling (13%), or c…
The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon: A Cross-generational and Cross-linguistic Study
(2004). The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon: A Cross-generational and Cross-linguistic Study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development: Vol. 25, No. 2-3, pp. 266-284
Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories
Bilingual Episodic Memory: An Introduction
Our current models of bilingual memory are essentially accounts of semantic memory whose goal is to explain bilingual lexical access to underlying imagistic and conceptual referents. While this research has included episodic memory, it has focused largely on recall for words, phrases, and sentences in the service of understanding the structure of semantic memory. Building on the four papers in this special issue, this article focuses on larger un…
A protocol analysis of retrieval in bilingual autobiographical memory
Effortful retrieval of specific memories may be characterized as a step-wise procedure in which a chain of associations(imagery, language, feelings, concepts) is activated and the information matched to search requirements until a target memory is triggered. This paper addresses the issue of how a bilingual might employ both languages to trigger a sought-after memory. Ten Spanish-English speaking bilinguals were cued with words in Spanish and Eng…
Comparing cultures within-subjects: A cognitive account of acculturation as a framework for cross-cultural study
Cross-culturally comparable `units of culture' may be found in the experience of immigrants for whom certain experiential domains of meaning from the `first culture' are brought into comparison and contrast with corresponding domains in the `second culture'. The notion of domains is here developed out of `semantic domain' from cognitive anthropology, `cognitive domain' from cognitive linguistics, and `discourse domain' from second language acquis…
Narrative Repair of Threatened Identity
In terms of positioning theory (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999), a person who has lost a contest may be said to have been forcibly positioned as a ‘loser.’ This threat to social identity requires some repair. Narrators may then tell stories in which they re-position themselves and other actors—collaborators, judges, publics—in new plots (“the real story”) that exonerate them and repair their threatened social identities. This narrative positioning …
Bilingual Autobiographical Memory: Experimental Studies and Clinical Cases
This paper argues that the consecutive bilingual's dual cultural-linguistic self-representations act as filters for memory retrieval of events from the personal past. Examination of work in experimental psychology on bilingual autobiographical memory and clinical case reports from psychoanalytic therapy with bilinguals suggests that memory retrievals for events from childhood and youth (in the country of origin) are more numerous, more detailed a…
Mother Tongue Maintenance Among North American Ethnic Groups
Research among groups of immigrants to the United States and Canada has isolated a number of possible factors for both loss and persistence of the mother tongue in subsequent generations. These include practice of the religion of the homeland, residential concentration, within-group marriage, occupational specialization, visits to the homeland, and others. The research reported in this article is based on data in theHumanRelations Area Files from…
La Comparsa y El Concurso: Andalusian Carnival On-Stage
Wandering groups of costumed minstrels who sing bawdy and biting songs about local events have long been the centerpiece of carnival in Andalucia. These groups are called murgas. In this article I offer an ethnographic description of the murgas of Carnival 1993 in El Puerto de Santa Maria (Andalucia) and argue that the contemporary murga, and hence contemporary carnival itself, has been the result of the intense convergence of energies on the ind…
Using Freelisting to Identify, Assess, and Characterize Age Differences in Shared Cultural Domains
The concatenation of these techniques renders freelisting an accessible, easily administered tool for probing age and group differences in cultural domains
Bilingual Autobiographical Memory: Experimental Studies and Clinical Cases
This paper argues that the consecutive bilingual's dual cultural-linguistic self-representations act as filters for memory retrieval of events from the personal past. Examination of work in experimental psychology on bilingual autobiographical memory and clinical case reports from psychoanalytic therapy with bilinguals suggests that memory retrievals for events from childhood and youth (in the country of origin) are more numerous, more detailed a…
Comparing cultures within-subjects: A cognitive account of acculturation as a framework for cross-cultural study
Cross-culturally comparable `units of culture' may be found in the experience of immigrants for whom certain experiential domains of meaning from the `first culture' are brought into comparison and contrast with corresponding domains in the `second culture'. The notion of domains is here developed out of `semantic domain' from cognitive anthropology, `cognitive domain' from cognitive linguistics, and `discourse domain' from second language acquis…
Mother Tongue Maintenance Among North American Ethnic Groups
Research among groups of immigrants to the United States and Canada has isolated a number of possible factors for both loss and persistence of the mother tongue in subsequent generations. These include practice of the religion of the homeland, residential concentration, within-group marriage, occupational specialization, visits to the homeland, and others. The research reported in this article is based on data in theHumanRelations Area Files from…
The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon: A Cross-generational and Cross-linguistic Study
(2004). The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon: A Cross-generational and Cross-linguistic Study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development: Vol. 25, No. 2-3, pp. 266-284
Mixed Methods Designs for Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Mixed methods, cross-cultural designs are a special case of the more general, mixed methods between-groups designs. The defining feature of mixed methods is the principled integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches, and cross-cultural comparison is premised on the systematic collection and analysis of data from two or more cultural settings for the explicit purpose of between-groups comparisons. This article explores the interaction o…
English Use Among Older Bilingual Immigrants in Linguistically Concentrated Neighborhoods: Social Proficiency and Internal Speech as Intracultural Variation
Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing
Age Effects and Sample Size in Free Listing
The literature in the psychology of aging shows cognitive declines among older adults in many abilities. This study addresses the question of whether informant age affects production in free listing. The study compares numbers of free-listed items across four quotidian domains by groups of older ( n = 30) versus younger ( n = 31) adults. Smaller samples of five, ten, fifteen, twenty, and twenty-five were also analyzed to assess age by sample size…
Costalero Quiero Ser! Autobiographical Memory and the Oral Life Story of a Holy Week Brother in Southern Spain
Concepts from the study of autobiographical memory in cognitive psychology are used to analyze portions of a life history narrative in order to examine the underlying memory behaviors. The analysis gives a view of personal memories as on-line reconstructions, shaped up in service of current emotional states and personal concerns, and employed in negotiating present social and cultural environments. Also considered is the effect that telling a mem…
Epistemic responsibility - Labored, loosened, and lost: Staging Alzheimer's disease
Narrative Repair of Threatened Identity
In terms of positioning theory (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999), a person who has lost a contest may be said to have been forcibly positioned as a ‘loser.’ This threat to social identity requires some repair. Narrators may then tell stories in which they re-position themselves and other actors—collaborators, judges, publics—in new plots (“the real story”) that exonerate them and repair their threatened social identities. This narrative positioning …
Language’ and ‘Feel’ of Bilingual Memory: Mnemonic traces
How are language and emotion integrated in the mnemonic trace underlying reconstructive retrieval? Does remembering in the first versus the second language affect the feel of memories? In a protocol analysis of the kinds of information activated during memory search, Schrauf (2003) found that, as participants followed a train of associations in response to cue words, they most often evoked visual images (66%) vs. verbal (17%), feeling (13%), or c…
La Comparsa y El Concurso: Andalusian Carnival On-Stage
Wandering groups of costumed minstrels who sing bawdy and biting songs about local events have long been the centerpiece of carnival in Andalucia. These groups are called murgas. In this article I offer an ethnographic description of the murgas of Carnival 1993 in El Puerto de Santa Maria (Andalucia) and argue that the contemporary murga, and hence contemporary carnival itself, has been the result of the intense convergence of energies on the ind…
On 'doing being moral' in the research interview
In qualitative research interviews, participants sometimes relate vivid, ethically charged accounts of their lifeworlds. However, the genre constraints of the interview discourage interviewers from expressions of direct affiliation (agreement, approval, disapproval) with the interviewee's moral stances and rather encourage expressions of conversational alignment (attention, interest, comprehension) to keep the information flowing. Interviewees fo…
Disaster solidarity and survivor ethics: A case study of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico
Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre-disaster patterns of interaction. Neverthe…
How to construct a case of Alzheimer's disease in three languages: Case-based reasoning in narrative gerontology
This paper explores how people reason about Alzheimer's disease by telling stories about others who have the disease. More specifically, the paper is a cross-linguistic investigation of the narrative and linguistic devices used by African Americans in English, Mexican Americans in Spanish, and refugees/immigrants from the former Soviet Union (to the United States of America) in Russian in their oral productions of such stories. We examine the nar…
Costalero Quiero Ser! Autobiographical Memory and the Oral Life Story of a Holy Week Brother in Southern Spain
Concepts from the study of autobiographical memory in cognitive psychology are used to analyze portions of a life history narrative in order to examine the underlying memory behaviors. The analysis gives a view of personal memories as on-line reconstructions, shaped up in service of current emotional states and personal concerns, and employed in negotiating present social and cultural environments. Also considered is the effect that telling a mem…
La Comparsa y El Concurso: Andalusian Carnival On-Stage
Wandering groups of costumed minstrels who sing bawdy and biting songs about local events have long been the centerpiece of carnival in Andalucia. These groups are called murgas. In this article I offer an ethnographic description of the murgas of Carnival 1993 in El Puerto de Santa Maria (Andalucia) and argue that the contemporary murga, and hence contemporary carnival itself, has been the result of the intense convergence of energies on the ind…
Mother Tongue Maintenance Among North American Ethnic Groups
Research among groups of immigrants to the United States and Canada has isolated a number of possible factors for both loss and persistence of the mother tongue in subsequent generations. These include practice of the religion of the homeland, residential concentration, within-group marriage, occupational specialization, visits to the homeland, and others. The research reported in this article is based on data in theHumanRelations Area Files from…
Narrative Repair of Threatened Identity
In terms of positioning theory (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999), a person who has lost a contest may be said to have been forcibly positioned as a ‘loser.’ This threat to social identity requires some repair. Narrators may then tell stories in which they re-position themselves and other actors—collaborators, judges, publics—in new plots (“the real story”) that exonerate them and repair their threatened social identities. This narrative positioning …
Bilingual Autobiographical Memory: Experimental Studies and Clinical Cases
This paper argues that the consecutive bilingual's dual cultural-linguistic self-representations act as filters for memory retrieval of events from the personal past. Examination of work in experimental psychology on bilingual autobiographical memory and clinical case reports from psychoanalytic therapy with bilinguals suggests that memory retrievals for events from childhood and youth (in the country of origin) are more numerous, more detailed a…
Comparing cultures within-subjects: A cognitive account of acculturation as a framework for cross-cultural study
Cross-culturally comparable `units of culture' may be found in the experience of immigrants for whom certain experiential domains of meaning from the `first culture' are brought into comparison and contrast with corresponding domains in the `second culture'. The notion of domains is here developed out of `semantic domain' from cognitive anthropology, `cognitive domain' from cognitive linguistics, and `discourse domain' from second language acquis…
Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories
Bilingual Episodic Memory: An Introduction
Our current models of bilingual memory are essentially accounts of semantic memory whose goal is to explain bilingual lexical access to underlying imagistic and conceptual referents. While this research has included episodic memory, it has focused largely on recall for words, phrases, and sentences in the service of understanding the structure of semantic memory. Building on the four papers in this special issue, this article focuses on larger un…
A protocol analysis of retrieval in bilingual autobiographical memory
Effortful retrieval of specific memories may be characterized as a step-wise procedure in which a chain of associations(imagery, language, feelings, concepts) is activated and the information matched to search requirements until a target memory is triggered. This paper addresses the issue of how a bilingual might employ both languages to trigger a sought-after memory. Ten Spanish-English speaking bilinguals were cued with words in Spanish and Eng…
Language’ and ‘Feel’ of Bilingual Memory: Mnemonic traces
How are language and emotion integrated in the mnemonic trace underlying reconstructive retrieval? Does remembering in the first versus the second language affect the feel of memories? In a protocol analysis of the kinds of information activated during memory search, Schrauf (2003) found that, as participants followed a train of associations in response to cue words, they most often evoked visual images (66%) vs. verbal (17%), feeling (13%), or c…
The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon: A Cross-generational and Cross-linguistic Study
(2004). The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon: A Cross-generational and Cross-linguistic Study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development: Vol. 25, No. 2-3, pp. 266-284
Using Existing Tests and Scales in the Field
Fieldworkers often adopt existing scales and tests for use in the field from the voluminous social science literature. Frequently, these instruments have been developed and validated on samples that differ markedly from those encountered in the field. To address this situation, this article proposes four steps for critically examining and adjusting the results from such existing scales. These are (1) evaluating the psycho-metric properties of the…
Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing
Using Freelisting to Identify, Assess, and Characterize Age Differences in Shared Cultural Domains
The concatenation of these techniques renders freelisting an accessible, easily administered tool for probing age and group differences in cultural domains
Intracultural Variation in Cross-Cultural Gerontology
English Use Among Older Bilingual Immigrants in Linguistically Concentrated Neighborhoods: Social Proficiency and Internal Speech as Intracultural Variation
Age Effects and Sample Size in Free Listing
The literature in the psychology of aging shows cognitive declines among older adults in many abilities. This study addresses the question of whether informant age affects production in free listing. The study compares numbers of free-listed items across four quotidian domains by groups of older ( n = 30) versus younger ( n = 31) adults. Smaller samples of five, ten, fifteen, twenty, and twenty-five were also analyzed to assess age by sample size…
How to construct a case of Alzheimer's disease in three languages: Case-based reasoning in narrative gerontology
This paper explores how people reason about Alzheimer's disease by telling stories about others who have the disease. More specifically, the paper is a cross-linguistic investigation of the narrative and linguistic devices used by African Americans in English, Mexican Americans in Spanish, and refugees/immigrants from the former Soviet Union (to the United States of America) in Russian in their oral productions of such stories. We examine the nar…
Aging, memory loss, and Alzheimer’s disease: What do refugees from the former Soviet Union think
Since the mid-1970s, approximately 700,000 émigrés from the former Soviet Union (FSU), most of Jewish descent, settled in the United States. Now, 25 or more years post-emigration, they have “aged in place” in the United States, but their values, beliefs, and attitudes about growing old, memory changes, and Alzheimer’s disease remain grounded in their earlier life experiences. Based on findings from a study of the social and cultural factors affec…
Mixed Methods Designs for Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Mixed methods, cross-cultural designs are a special case of the more general, mixed methods between-groups designs. The defining feature of mixed methods is the principled integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches, and cross-cultural comparison is premised on the systematic collection and analysis of data from two or more cultural settings for the explicit purpose of between-groups comparisons. This article explores the interaction o…
Epistemic responsibility - Labored, loosened, and lost: Staging Alzheimer's disease
Linguistic stance: An integrative paradigm for mixed methods social science
This article develops an integrative mixed methods framework grounded in stancetaking as the originary act through which qualitative interview and quantitative survey data are generated. The article examines how the basics of 'everyday' social stance-evaluation, positioning, and alignment within a sociocultural field-are strategically manipulated by social scientists in the twinned conditions of the interview and the survey. Relative to interview…
Aage Obituary for Madelyn (Micki) Iris, PhD
Disaster solidarity and survivor ethics: A case study of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico
Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre-disaster patterns of interaction. Neverthe…
Shortlisting candidates”: Syntactically incomplete turns in assessments of absent third parties
Psychology (22 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies (9 works) · Linguistics (9 works) · Cognitive psychology (8 works) · Cognition (7 works) · Autobiographical memory (6 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Medicine (6 works)