Niels Lynnerup
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 88306 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Niels Lynnerup |
| NOMBRES | Niels |
| APELLIDO | Lynnerup |
| FIRMA | LYNNERUP N |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Copenhagen |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7771-5376 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 74 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 530 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 74 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1991 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Characteristics of child physical abuse cases that are referred by the police for a clinical forensic medical examination
In child physical abuse cases, a clinical forensic medical examination (CFME) is performed to document medical evidence, such as lesions and scars. In Denmark, however, not all cases are referred by the police to a CFME, and we aimed to study the key characteristics of police reported cases of child physical abuse (N = 136, ages 4–17 years) – case context, the child's disclosure and sociodemographic factors – that could influence the police's sel…
Age-related disease or disease-related age? Perspectives for paleopathological research
OBJECTIVE: The interconnection of biological aging and disease throughout the life course profoundly affects almost every aspect of paleopathological research but is rarely explored. This paper presents a theoretical and practical framework for an informed research approach that explicitly acknowledges these complex interrelationships. METHODS: We discuss the existing concept of age-related disease and introduce the new concept of disease-related…
Cranial fluctuating asymmetry in Danish populations from the Neolithic to the Early Modern Age
Fluctuating asymmetry are random deviations of an otherwise symmetrical body plan and arises from instability in development. Earlier studies suggest that levels of cranial fluctuating asymmetry may be influenced by lifestyle and quality of life in a population. It may, therefore, be useful as a stress indicator. We investigated whether cranial fluctuating asymmetry has changed in archaeological Danish populations over time, and between grave sit…
How 3D printing and physical reconstruction of a skull helped in a complex pathological case
Taphonomic changes can mimic pathological bone lesions and make it difficult to distinguish between ante- and postmortem abnormalities and to perform differential diagnostics. 3D methods, such as CT scanning and 3D printing, can be used as complementary tools to overcome the taphonomic changes. Here, we reconstructed a skull of an interesting archeological case showing severe pathological changes using 3D printing and physical reconstruction. The…
Leprosy in medieval Denmark
Objectives By focusing on two Danish leprosaria (Næstved and Odense; 13th–16th c. CE) and using diet and origin as proxies, we follow a multi‐isotopic approach to reconstruct life histories of patients and investigate how leprosy affected both institutionalized individuals and the medieval Danish community as a whole. Materials and Methods We combine archaeology, historical sources, biological anthropology, isotopic analyses (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34…
Population genomics of the Viking world
Investigating dietary patterns and organisational structure by using stable isotope analysis
During the 12th and 13th centuries, numerous leprosy hospitals were founded in Europe. Given that leprosy was not considered infectious, this may reflect social dimensions of the disease. Aiming at exploring the impact of leprosy on medieval people and the organisation of the Danish leprosarium at Næstved, we reconstructed the diet of twenty patients using stable isotopes, and compared our results with relevant historical data. The isotope result…
Childhood health as reflected in adult urban and rural samples from medieval Denmark
Early human dispersals within the Americas
Complex processes in the settling of the Americas The expansion into the Americas by the ancestors of present day Native Americans has been difficult to tease apart from analyses of present day populations. To understand how humans diverged and spread across North and South America, Moreno-Mayar et al. sequenced 15 ancient human genomes from Alaska to Patagonia. Analysis of the oldest genomes suggests that there was an early split within Beringia…
Forensic Anthropology
Skeletal Material from the Cemetery of the 19th Century Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor
The skeletal material of 299 individual skeletons was recovered from 78 graves in central Copenhagen in 2006. The graves were part of a temporary cemetery serving the Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor in the period 1842–1858. It is known that the hospital supplied cadavers for teaching and dissection. Fifty‐two skeletons and bones were found to have cut marks and saw marks, indicative of post mortem surgical interventions: dissection, autopsy, ana…
Was He Murdered or Was He Not?-Part II
Hair and bone samples procured from the remains of Tycho Brahe were analysed by several analytical techniques. In segmented hair samples, concentrations of Fe, As, Ag and Au at the tips exceeded values for the contemporary population; however, they decreased towards the hair bulbs, similarly to Hg, indicating that recent exposure that was discontinued ~2 months prior to Brahe's death. Several other elements did not follow this pattern. Analyses o…
Stable Isotopes and Oral Tori in Greenlandic Norse and Inuit
Palatine (PT) and mandibular torus (MT) have long been of interest to dental researchers and anthropologists, but their aetiology remains unresolved. Some combination of genetic and environmental factors influences their expression, but the relative role of each remains contentious. Previous research has shown that the Greenlandic Norse exhibit exceptionally high frequencies and pronounced expressions of PT and MT. In this regard, they are signif…
Kaup 2014
The article is a report on field activities of 2014 at a renowned location of Kaup forest near Wiskiauten/Viskiautai, nowadays Kaliningrad oblast of Russia, and a sentimental journey through the research history in a region at the crossroads of ancient communication webs, and more recently – of diverse political agendas. Field activities focused on the so-called Barrow 1, the only known mound at Kaup dated to the Neolithic, otherwise dotted with …
A method for estimating age of medieval sub‐adults from infancy to adulthood based on long bone length
OBJECTIVES: To develop a series of regression equations for estimating age from length of long bones for archaeological sub-adults when aging from dental development cannot be performed. Further, to compare derived ages when using these regression equations, and two other methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 183 skeletal sub-adults from the Danish medieval period, were aged from radiographic images. Linear regression formulae were then produ…
Paranasal sinuses
CT imaging vs. traditional radiographic imaging for evaluating Harris Lines in tibiae
This paper is the first to systematically investigate computer tomography (CT) images vs. ordinary flat plane radiography for evaluating Harris Lines (HL) on tibiae. Harris Lines are traditionally investigated using radiographic images and recorded as either present or absent, or by counting the number of HL. Seventy-four pairs of human sub-adult and adult archaeological tibiae were used in this study. Both image methods were tested for intra- an…
Lateral angle and cranial base sexual dimorphism
Previous studies have yielded very different results in sex estimation based on measurements of the lateral angle (LA) of the temporal bone. The purpose of this study was to, first, investigate if the bad results obtained by the LA method could be due to the methodology and then, second, to examine sexual dimorphism in the relationship between the lateral angle and cranial base shape. The lateral angle method was tested using a forensic sample of…
Bog bodies
The discovery of the exceptionally well-preserved Grauballe Man bog body in 1952 caused a worldwide sensation. Exhibited shortly after excavation, still saturated with bog water and resting on the peat block, the body underwent initial scientific investigations. Continuously displayed at the Moesgaard Museum in Aarhus, Denmark, Grauballe Man has been the subject of recent scientific studies, yielding new data. This article discusses the find's si…
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age w…
The Danish approach to forensic age estimation in the living
BACKGROUND: The resulting statement of forensic age estimations in the living is of great consequence for the examinees in question. Concerns have been raised about the nature of these examinations, e.g. the potentially harmful radiographic exposures, as well as the accuracy of the estimated age. AIM: This manuscript investigates the reported age estimates performed at the Section of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen,…
A test of inter- and intra-observer error for an atlas method of combined histological data for the evaluation of enamel hypoplasia
Forensic archaeology
Investigating Intra-Individual Dietary Changes and 14 C Ages Using High-Resolution δ 13 C and δ 15 N Isotope Ratios and 14 C Ages Obtained from Dentine Increments
Ten medieval permanent teeth were subjected to incremental dentine sectioning and stable isotope analysis to investigate dietary changes in high resolution. In addition to this, eight increments were also selected for radiocarbon measurements to examine possible intra-individual age differences. Results reveal the cessation of weaning, various dietary profiles, and in some cases significantly different 14 C ages obtained from a single tooth. This…
Death in Flames
This paper presents osteoarchaeological analyses of the human skeletal material from a burnt down house in Jutland, Denmark, dated to the first century bc. We describe how the osteological analyses of this complex site were approached and illustrate how we reconstructed the death of the human victims. Besides basic osteological analyses, we also tried to reconstruct the posture of the deceased humans using 12-in. posable wooden mannequins. Along …
Change of Diet of the Greenland Vikings Determined from Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis and 14 C Dating of Their Bones
Bone samples from the Greenland Viking colony provide us with a unique opportunity to test and use 14 C dating of remains of humans who depended upon food of mixed marine and terrestrial origin. We investigated the skeletons of 27 Greenland Norse people excavated from churchyard burials from the late 10th to the middle 15th century. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the bone collagen reveals that the diet of the Greenland Norse c…
Evaluating bone collagen extraction methods for stable isotope analysis in dietary studies
Oxygen isotope fractionation between human phosphate and water revisited
Mummies
Mummies are human remains with preservation of nonbony tissue. Mummification by natural influences results in so-called natural mummies, whereas mummification induced by active (human) intervention results in so-called artificial mummies, although many cultures practiced burial rites, which to some degree involved both natural and artificial mummification. Since they are so uniquely well-preserved, mummies may give many insights into mortuary pra…
Who was in Harold Bluetooth's army? Strontium isotope investigation of the cemetery at the Viking Age fortress at Trelleborg, Denmark
The circular fortress of Trelleborg on Zealand in Denmark is well known as a military camp with a key role in the formation of the Danish state under Harald Bluetooth in the tenth century AD. Taking a sample of 48 burials from the fort, strontium isotope analysis once again demonstrates its ability to eavesdrop on a community: at Trelleborg, the young men in its cemetery were largely recruited from outside Denmark, perhaps from Norway or the Slav…
The petrous bone—A new sampling site for identifying early dietary patterns in stable isotopic studies
Intraskeletal variation in the composition of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) stable isotopes measured in collagen is tested from various human bones and dentine. Samples were taken from the femur, rib, and petrous part of the temporal bone from well‐preserved skeletons of both adults ( n = 34) and subadults ( n = 24). Additional samples of dentine from the root of 1st molars were taken from 16 individuals. The skeletal material is from a m…
Biochemical and physical correlates of DNA contamination in archaeological human bones and teeth excavated at Matera, Italy
Uniform diet in a diverse society. Revealing new dietary evidence of the Danish Roman Iron Age based on stable isotope analysis
A systematic dietary investigation during Danish Roman Iron Age (1‐375AD) is conducted by analyzing stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) in the collagen of human and animal bone. The human sample comprises 77 individuals from 10 burial sites. In addition 31 samples of mammals and fish were analyzed from same geographical area. The investigation characterizes the human diet among different social groupings and analyses di…
Human Diet and Subsistence Patterns in Norse Greenland AD C.980—AD c. 1450
In this concluding paper of the JONA special volume on the Norse Greenland isotope study, we summarize the archaeological interpretations of the previous, technical papers. The study supports the conclusions and widens the results of our earlier limited study, i.e., that the diet of the Norse Greenlanders became more dependent on marine resources over time. The isotope data provide information at the level of the individual, and the study indicat…
Sebbersund
Lateral angle
We report on the results of applying the so-called lateral angle method for sex determination on skeletal remains. The lateral angle denotes the angle of the internal auditory canal in relation to the medial surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. The method involves making a small cast of the proximal part of the internal acoustic canal and determining the angle at which the canal opens up to the surface of the petrous bone. The method…
Forensic archaeology
Hounsfield Units ranges in CT-scans of bog bodies and mummies
Mummification processes, either artificial or natural, preserve the tissues from postmortem decay, but change them from their original state. In this study we provided the first comprehensive set of Hounsfield Unit (HU) ranges specific for tissues mummified under different environmental conditions (peat bog, cold-dry and hot-dry environment). We also analyzed the impact of different museal preservation techniques on the HU ranges, as e.g. in the …
A test of inter- and intra-observer error for an atlas method of combined histological data for the evaluation of enamel hypoplasia
On the volume of cremated remains – a comparative study of archaeologically recovered cremated bone volume as measured manually and assessed by Computed Tomography and by Stereology
Computed Tomography and Computed Radiography of Late Bronze Age Cremation Urns From Denmark
To improve the methods used to study prehistoric cremation rituals, cremation urns from the Danish Late Bronze Age were examined using computed tomography and computed radiography (digital X‐ray). During micro‐excavation, the digital images were used as a registration tool. Our results suggest that osteological ageing and sexing are more accurate when combining CT images with excavated remains. Digital volume rendering further enables a compromis…
Norse Greenland Dietary Economy ca. AD 980-ca. AD 1450
An initial study of the 13 C values for human bone collagen of 27 Norse Greenlanders in the late 1990s suggested a change in the Norse diet from predominantly terrestrial to predominantly marine food. This shift may well indicate a change in diet; the question left open by the limited initial isotope study was, however, whether the change in diet was a reflection of altered subsistence strategies or altered farming practices. Furthermore, the fir…
Rare mtDNA haplogroups and genetic differences in rich and poor Danish Iron‐Age villages
The Roman Iron‐Age (0–400 AD) in Southern Scandinavia was a formative period, where the society changed from archaic chiefdoms to a true state formation, and the population composition has likely changed in this period due to immigrants from Middle Scandinavia. We have analyzed mtDNA from 22 individuals from two different types of settlements, Bøgebjerggård and Skovgaarde, in Southern Denmark. Bøgebjerggård (ca. 0 AD) represents the lowest level …
The survival of PCR-amplifiable DNA in cow leather
MtDNA analysis of human remains from an early Danish Christian cemetery
One of Denmark's earliest Christian cemeteries is Kongemarken, dating to around AD 1000-1250. A feature of early Scandinavian Christian cemeteries is sex segregation, with females buried on the northern sides and males on the southern sides. However, such separation was never complete; in the few early Christian cemeteries excavated in Scandinavia, there were always a few males placed on the north side, and some females on the south side. At Kong…
Human Dorset Remains from Igloolik, Canada
Skeletal remains of four Dorset Palaeo-Eskimo individuals were found at Alarnerk (NhHd-1), Melville Peninsula, in 1954 by the joint Danish National Museum-University of Pennsylvania Expedition, which was excavating Dorset and pre-Dorset sites. These remains included one complete mandible, two fragmentary mandibles, and a cranial fragment. One of the mandibular fragments, found in a grave, was from a child approximately nine months old. The other …
Gristhorpe Man
A log-coffin excavated in the early nineteenth century proved to be well enough preserved in the early twenty-first century for the full armoury of modern scientific investigation to give its occupants and contents new identity, new origins and a new date. In many ways the interpretation is much the same as before: a local big man buried looking out to sea. Modern analytical techniques can create a person more real, more human and more securely a…
MtDNA from hair and nail clarifies the genetic relationship of the 15th century Qilakitsoq Inuit mummies
The 15th century Inuit mummies excavated at Qilakitsoq in Greenland in 1978 were exceptionally well preserved and represent the largest find of naturally mummified specimens from the Arctic. The estimated ages of the individuals, their distribution between two adjacent graves, the results of tissue typing, and incomplete STR results led researchers to conclude that the eight mummies formed two distinct family groups: A grandmother (I/5), two daug…
A method for estimating age of medieval sub‐adults from infancy to adulthood based on long bone length
OBJECTIVES: To develop a series of regression equations for estimating age from length of long bones for archaeological sub-adults when aging from dental development cannot be performed. Further, to compare derived ages when using these regression equations, and two other methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 183 skeletal sub-adults from the Danish medieval period, were aged from radiographic images. Linear regression formulae were then produ…
Investigating Intra-Individual Dietary Changes and 14 C Ages Using High-Resolution δ 13 C and δ 15 N Isotope Ratios and 14 C Ages Obtained from Dentine Increments
Ten medieval permanent teeth were subjected to incremental dentine sectioning and stable isotope analysis to investigate dietary changes in high resolution. In addition to this, eight increments were also selected for radiocarbon measurements to examine possible intra-individual age differences. Results reveal the cessation of weaning, various dietary profiles, and in some cases significantly different 14 C ages obtained from a single tooth. This…
The Norse settlers in Greenland
Recent studies of the Norse settlements on the west coast of. Greenland, which point to theories of biological adaptation, have emphasized the need for a comprehensive physical anthropological investigation of the Norse skeletal material, especially along the lines of paleodemography. The material, comprising the remains of app. 350 individuals, is presently stored at the University of Copenhagen. As the first step in a major investigation, the m…
Norse anthropological remains
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Technical note
Udgivelsesdato: 1995-Nov
Stereolithography
Udgivelsesdato: 1995-Jul
Bone mineral content in medieval Greenland Norse
The bone mineral content (BMC) was measured using a special dual-photon scanner in 25 mandibles with normal macroscopic and radiographic bone structure. The mandibles were excavated from two Norse sites in Greenland, which date to the first and last part of the medieval Norse settlement period, respectively. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a change in BMC levels between the early and the late settlement period.…
Non-invasive Archaeology of Skeletal Material by CT Scanning and Three-dimensional Reconstruction
The remains of an ancient Sumerian skeleton, approximately 7000 years old, were investigated using the techniques of stereolithography. The very fragile and delicate skeletal material was recovered in a block, thus retaining it in the soil matrix. The excavated block was CT-scanned and the skeletal material was rendered in three dimensions. This formed the basis for a stereolithographic model of the mandible, which was used for physical and denta…
Bone mineral content in medieval Greenland Norse
The bone mineral content (BMC) was measured using a special dual-photon scanner in 25 mandibles with normal macroscopic and radiographic bone structure. The mandibles were excavated from two Norse sites in Greenland, which date to the first and last part of the medieval Norse settlement period, respectively. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a change in BMC levels between the early and the late settlement period.…
The Greenland Norse. A biological-anthropological study
The study concerns all known Norse skeletal material from Greenland. The material represents the human remains of the Norse who sailed out from Iceland to colonize the south-western part of Greenland one thousand years ago, and maintained two major settlements there for five hundred years. Although the demise of the settlements, which was more or less contemporary with the southward migrations of the Thule Culture Eskimos, has traditionally been …
The frontal sinus in ancient and modern Greenlandic Inuit
The purpose of this study was to compare the frontal sinus size of ancient Greenlandic Inuit with ancient Inuit of Alaska and Canada, and to compare sinus size between ancient and modern Greenlandic Inuit. Also, it was analyzed whether cranial size was a determinant of frontal sinus size. Frontal sinus size was evaluated in terms of absence frequency and planimetrically. Absence was defined as a frontal sinus not exceeding a line drawn between th…
Change of Diet of the Greenland Vikings Determined from Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis and 14 C Dating of Their Bones
Bone samples from the Greenland Viking colony provide us with a unique opportunity to test and use 14 C dating of remains of humans who depended upon food of mixed marine and terrestrial origin. We investigated the skeletons of 27 Greenland Norse people excavated from churchyard burials from the late 10th to the middle 15th century. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the bone collagen reveals that the diet of the Greenland Norse c…
MtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos
Human Dorset Remains from Igloolik, Canada
Skeletal remains of four Dorset Palaeo-Eskimo individuals were found at Alarnerk (NhHd-1), Melville Peninsula, in 1954 by the joint Danish National Museum-University of Pennsylvania Expedition, which was excavating Dorset and pre-Dorset sites. These remains included one complete mandible, two fragmentary mandibles, and a cranial fragment. One of the mandibular fragments, found in a grave, was from a child approximately nine months old. The other …
Brief Communication
The fractal dimensions of human sagittal and coronal sutures were calculated on 31 complete skulls from the Terry Collection. The aim was to investigate whether the fractal dimension, relying on the whole sutural length, might yield a better description of age‐related changes in sutural morphology, as opposed to other methods of quantification, which generally rely on more arbitrary scoring systems. However, the fractal dimension did not yield be…
The Greenland Norse
The remains of the Greenland Norse provide unique biological anthropological material for the investigation of human and environmental interaction. As a population, they were generally secluded from most of the contemporary European medieval society, and land suitable for their way of life was limited in Greenland. The archaeological and historical record is excellent, clearly establishing the 500-year period of colonisation. In other words, the …
Biochemical and physical correlates of DNA contamination in archaeological human bones and teeth excavated at Matera, Italy
MtDNA analysis of human remains from an early Danish Christian cemetery
One of Denmark's earliest Christian cemeteries is Kongemarken, dating to around AD 1000-1250. A feature of early Scandinavian Christian cemeteries is sex segregation, with females buried on the northern sides and males on the southern sides. However, such separation was never complete; in the few early Christian cemeteries excavated in Scandinavia, there were always a few males placed on the north side, and some females on the south side. At Kong…
Lateral angle
We report on the results of applying the so-called lateral angle method for sex determination on skeletal remains. The lateral angle denotes the angle of the internal auditory canal in relation to the medial surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. The method involves making a small cast of the proximal part of the internal acoustic canal and determining the angle at which the canal opens up to the surface of the petrous bone. The method…
The survival of PCR-amplifiable DNA in cow leather
Diameter of the human internal acoustic meatus and sex determination
We report the results of testing the diameter of the internal opening of the acoustic canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone for sex determination of skeletal remains. The method involves measuring the diameter using a suite of ordinary drills. The method is very simple and has the great advantage of utilising one of the sturdiest bone elements of the human skeleton. The method may be especially useful for the analyses of very fragmented …
Evaluating bone collagen extraction methods for stable isotope analysis in dietary studies
MtDNA from hair and nail clarifies the genetic relationship of the 15th century Qilakitsoq Inuit mummies
The 15th century Inuit mummies excavated at Qilakitsoq in Greenland in 1978 were exceptionally well preserved and represent the largest find of naturally mummified specimens from the Arctic. The estimated ages of the individuals, their distribution between two adjacent graves, the results of tissue typing, and incomplete STR results led researchers to conclude that the eight mummies formed two distinct family groups: A grandmother (I/5), two daug…
Mummies
Mummies are human remains with preservation of nonbony tissue. Mummification by natural influences results in so-called natural mummies, whereas mummification induced by active (human) intervention results in so-called artificial mummies, although many cultures practiced burial rites, which to some degree involved both natural and artificial mummification. Since they are so uniquely well-preserved, mummies may give many insights into mortuary pra…
Rare mtDNA haplogroups and genetic differences in rich and poor Danish Iron‐Age villages
The Roman Iron‐Age (0–400 AD) in Southern Scandinavia was a formative period, where the society changed from archaic chiefdoms to a true state formation, and the population composition has likely changed in this period due to immigrants from Middle Scandinavia. We have analyzed mtDNA from 22 individuals from two different types of settlements, Bøgebjerggård and Skovgaarde, in Southern Denmark. Bøgebjerggård (ca. 0 AD) represents the lowest level …
Using Coconuts as a Model for Analysing the Injury Pattern of Cranial Blunt Trauma
Blunt trauma to the head may result in the blunt instrument leaving specific imprints or fracture patterns.Being able to correctly correlate one or more possible blunt instruments with the imprints and fractures of an actual case may be important in police investigations.However, most of our knowledge about blunt instruments and cranial imprints and fracture patterns stems from earlier tests performed on cadavers, or more recently, advanced mecha…
Oxygen isotope fractionation between human phosphate and water revisited
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (45 obras) · Archaeology (37 obras) · Geography (35 obras) · Biology (33 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (31 obras) · History (28 obras) · Medicine (27 obras) · Paleopathology and ancient diseases (21 obras) · Demography (16 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (16 obras)