Lena Lavinas
Biographic Data
| ID | 885786 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lena Lavinas |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lena |
| FAMILY NAME | Lavinas |
| SIGNATURE | LAVINAS L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6094-8720 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 108 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Crise, Financerização E Desafios Da Redistribuição No Século Xxi
Este artigo aborda algumas das profundas transformações que a dominância do capitalismo financeiro vem provocando e normalizando em nossas vidas ao alterar por completo a funcionalidade da política social e a natureza dos regimes de bem-estar, ambos responsáveis pela materialização das políticas redistributivas e pelo enfrentamento das inúmeras formas de desigualdades que caracterizam todas as sociedades contemporâneas. Mais precisamente, discute…
Income transfers and household debt. The advancing collateralization of social policy in the midst of restructuring crises
The aim of this article is to address how household debt and contemporary credit markets seem to be the defining elements in the reshaping of social policy both in developing and developed countries. We start off by recalling how the implementation of income policies as the core of a new social protection paradigm has contributed to promote market-based finance. We take Brazil as a case study to illustrate how this new connection between state gu…
On Sarah L. Quinn’s American Bonds. How Credit Markets Shaped a Nation, Princeton, NJ
Roundtable
In May 2020, the guest editors of this special number organized a roundtable discussion centred on six themes and covered a broad range of topics pertaining to Latin American development, politics and economics. The context of ‘pink tides’ and ‘right turns’ are a backdrop that represent both the consequences and the lead up to what comes next. At the centre of the analysis are the core dynamics of the political systems we intend to explore. The p…
Latin America at the crossroads yet again
Focusing on the Latin American experience, and taking Brazil as an example, this article examines the recent trajectory of cash transfer schemes and how they might develop in the face of the humanitarian, economic and social crisis brought about by the coronavirus outbreak. Will they be reinforced as the one-size-fits-all solution? If so, what form will they take: target programmes or a universal basic income? This contribution explores the prosp…
Doomed to Fail
Doomed to Fail: Unmasking Failure as a Powerful Engine of Accumulation in Contemporary Capitalism - Appadurai Arjun and Neta Alexander, Failure (Cambridge, Polity Press, 2020, 145 p.) - Volume 61 Issue 3
Social Policy since Rousseff
The objectives of this article are (1) to characterize the Brazilian social context in the pre- and postimpeachment periods of President Dilma Rousseff and to interpret the direction of the so-called Temer reforms and their impact on the deepening and generalization of the financialization process of the Brazilian economy; (2) to highlight the low complementarity of macroeconomic policy with regards to social policy in these two periods; (3) to e…
Transformações dos sistemas de saúde na era da financeirização. Lições da França e do Brasil
Desde a segunda metade do século XX, reformas tornaram-se contínuas no âmbito dos sistemas de proteção social, ampliando ou, com mais frequência, restringindo o escopo e a escala da provisão pública. Neste artigo, cotejamos a evolução recente dos sistemas de saúde na França e no Brasil, de modo a apreender os mecanismos através dos quais a “financeirização” vem reformatando a provisão pública. Essa abordagem comparada tem por finalidade explicita…
The Collateralization of Social Policy under Financialized Capitalism
This article examines how financialized capitalism has radically subverted the role and logic of social policy, provoking a sea change in the realm of social welfare, particularly in the global South, and breaking with previous frameworks which were grounded in principles of redistribution. In the process, new blueprints have emerged which raise concerns: re-commodification has replaced de-commodification; and debt, through financial inclusion, n…
Brasil anos 2000
Este artigo analisa como o processo de financeirização em massa, que caracterizou o ciclo de governança do Partido dos Trabalhadores, ganha escala e escopo subsumindo a política social. Prioriza o exame de três setores em particular-previdência, saúde e educação superior-, revelando qual o papel do Estado nesse processo e como os agentes financeiros tornam-se os gestores do social
The Takeover of Social Policy by Financialization
This book critically addresses the model of social inclusion that prevailed in Brazil under the rule of the Workers Party from the early 2000s until 2015. It examines how the emergence of a mass consumer society proved insufficient, not only to overcome underdevelopment, but also to consolidate the comprehensive social protection system inherited from Brazilâ s 1988 Constitution. By juxtaposing different theoretical frameworks, this book scrutini…
How Social Developmentalism Reframed Social Policy in Brazil
This paper proposes to critically situate how social developmentalism reshaped social policy in Brazil in the 2000s, to stimulate access to credit and to financial markets, thereby fostering a transition towards a mass-consumption society. This structural move is radically distinct from the very framework which inspired the tenets of early Latin American structuralist thought in the post-war period. Whereas seminal structuralism neglected the rol…
Social Policy and Structural Heterogeneity in Latin America
This article addresses the complementarity between social policy and pro-growth macroeconomic policies, which turned redistribution into a crucial issue to consolidate market societies through the expansion of demand. It focuses on the recent economic history of Latin America, marked by the emergence of new conceptual paradigms so as to grasp the singularities of the region ́s development. Three questions are then raised: i) which social inclusio…
Brésil
Certains disent que 1968 est une année qui ne s’est jamais vraiment terminée... Avec du recul, on peut dire aujourd’hui que 2016 fut l’année d’un coup d’Etat qui semble ne jamais finir, en témoignent la gravité alarmante et l’étendue de ses répercussions dramatiques et durables dans la vie des Brésiliens. Le « coup d’Etat parlementaire » a commencé, fin 2015, avec l’ouverture du processus d’impeachment contre la présidente Dilma Rousseff. Ce proc…
Reforma da previdência e regime complementar
Este artigo interroga a relação entre o sistema público de aposentadorias e pensões no Brasil e o regime complementar de capitalização (ou de contribuição definida), ante mais uma investida de reforma contra o seguro social. Após caracterizar brevemente o perfil do sistema público e a evolução recente das aposentadorias fully-funded, discute os pressupostos de que este regime seria mais benéfico à elevação da poupança privada e, portanto, do inve…
A Moment of Equality for Latin America
Foreword, Marianne Braig. Part I Opening the Question: Redistribution and persistent challenges: an introduction, Lena Lavinas and Barbara Fritz Moments of equality: today's Latin America in a global historical context, Goran Therborn. Part II Challenges for Coordinating Economic and Social Policies: The limits of redistributive policies in Latin America: complementarities between economic and social protection systems, Ruben M. Lo Vuolo 'Postneo…
É a macroeconomia, idiota
Esse artigo debate alguns pontos desenvolvidos no mais recente relatório das Nações Unidas intitulado Avanços do Mundo das Mulheres 2015-2016 - Transformando as Economias, Implementando Direitos, que trata da persistência das desigualdades de gênero no mundo contemporâneo. Explora notadamente aspectos ligados às consequências das políticas macroeconômicas ortodoxas na reprodução dessas desigualdades por restringir o gasto público e as políticas u…
Piso De Protección Social
El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de discutir el tema del piso de protección social preconizado por la OIT y por el sistema de las Naciones Unidas, y su adecuación a Brasil. Por piso de protección social se entiende asegurar “garantías básicas” de seguridad social a los grupos más vulnerables, en particular ingreso monetario para determinadas categorías, como niños, discapacitados o personas de edad. Mientras se reconozca que el piso es una …
Empreendedorismo, Microcrédito e Superação da Miséria no Brasil
O governo Dilma Roussef estabeleceu como meta degoverno a erradicação da miséria no Brasil até 2014. Lançou, assim, o ProgramaBrasil Sem Miséria, cujo objetivo é, através da integração de um conjunto deintervenções, enfrentar a multidimensionalidade da pobreza. De um lado, mantémas transferências de renda do Programa Bolsa Família, agora ampliadas paradirimir falhas de cobertura do público-alvo. De outro, compromete-se em levaraos mais destituído…
St Century Welfare
Latin America as laboratory for conditional cash transfers, fast becoming the hegemonic social-protection paradigm for the Global South. In a comparative survey, Lena Lavinas reveals the CCT model as a strategy for the financialization—not abolition—of poverty
Gasto social no Brasil
Este artigo contrapõe a evolução recente do gasto no Brasil: redução do gasto com infra-estrutura social e aumento das transferências monetárias sujeitas à comprovação de renda. Evidencia-se que o modelo de combate à pobreza vigente no Brasil concentrado em programas focalizados de transferência de renda sem promover em simultâneo o aumento do gasto per capita em educação, saneamento básico, habitação não equaciona a questão da desigualdade. Nest…
From Means-Test Schemes to Basic Income in Brazil
This article reflects upon probabilities for the progressive implementation of a basic income in Brazil and presents a proposal to that end. It considers short- to medium-term prospects within a context that lacks a tradition of universal policies. Although a Law approving the right to a basic income became effective in 2005, Brazilian social policies are increasingly focused on increasing the number of means-tested income programmes while making…
Atividade e vulnerabilidade
The purpose of this article is to compare different family models according to the typology proposed by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, or National Census Bureau), to verify whether families headed by women really represent the most vulnerable or at-risk family arrangement. The latter is the commonsense notion that legitimizes the framework of feminization of poverty, in vogue in the last two decades and with considerab…
Femmes
L'annonce du Premier Plan national de réforme agraire en mai 1985 suscite la mobilisation des masses populaires à la campagne. Petits producteurs, paysans sans terre et ouvriers agricoles revendiquent l'accès à la terre. Les auteures analysent la participation des femmes à ce mouvement, aussi bien sur le plan institutionnel que non institutionnel. À partir d'une enquête menée auprès d'une « invasion » dans l'état de Rio de Janeiro, elles s'interr…
Encouraging School Attendance in Mozambique by Granting a Minimum Income to Parents
This article explains the reasons behind the introduction of Minimum Income for School Attendance (MISA) programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa. Following a brief description of the ideas behind these programmes and their advantages over the traditional social security safety nets and guaranteed‐income programmes, we describe the pilot scheme which the government of Mozambique is intending to introduce in 2003 and evaluate its prospects for success and…
The Collateralization of Social Policy under Financialized Capitalism
This article examines how financialized capitalism has radically subverted the role and logic of social policy, provoking a sea change in the realm of social welfare, particularly in the global South, and breaking with previous frameworks which were grounded in principles of redistribution. In the process, new blueprints have emerged which raise concerns: re-commodification has replaced de-commodification; and debt, through financial inclusion, n…
Brasil anos 2000
Este artigo analisa como o processo de financeirização em massa, que caracterizou o ciclo de governança do Partido dos Trabalhadores, ganha escala e escopo subsumindo a política social. Prioriza o exame de três setores em particular-previdência, saúde e educação superior-, revelando qual o papel do Estado nesse processo e como os agentes financeiros tornam-se os gestores do social
Emprego Feminino
Based on Brazilian census data for 1985-95 (PNAD), the article offers evidence concerning recent changes in female employment. In doing so, it calls into question the current notion that when women become more economically active, male joblessness rates rise over the long run. If it is true that jobs are scarce at this moment of productive restructuring and that the market now favors women over men, it is also true that this has transpired withou…
Combater a pobreza estimulando a freqüência escolar
The purpose of this article is to present the initial results of an impact study on a scholarship program implemented since 1997 in Recife, capital of the State of Pernambuco in Northeast Brazil. The scholarship program is designed to guarantee a minimum income for poor families by providing a monetary stipend that is contingent on school attendance by the familys children in the 7-14-year age bracket, in basic education (8 years of schooling). I…
How Social Developmentalism Reframed Social Policy in Brazil
This paper proposes to critically situate how social developmentalism reshaped social policy in Brazil in the 2000s, to stimulate access to credit and to financial markets, thereby fostering a transition towards a mass-consumption society. This structural move is radically distinct from the very framework which inspired the tenets of early Latin American structuralist thought in the post-war period. Whereas seminal structuralism neglected the rol…
Latin America at the crossroads yet again
Focusing on the Latin American experience, and taking Brazil as an example, this article examines the recent trajectory of cash transfer schemes and how they might develop in the face of the humanitarian, economic and social crisis brought about by the coronavirus outbreak. Will they be reinforced as the one-size-fits-all solution? If so, what form will they take: target programmes or a universal basic income? This contribution explores the prosp…
From Means-Test Schemes to Basic Income in Brazil
This article reflects upon probabilities for the progressive implementation of a basic income in Brazil and presents a proposal to that end. It considers short- to medium-term prospects within a context that lacks a tradition of universal policies. Although a Law approving the right to a basic income became effective in 2005, Brazilian social policies are increasingly focused on increasing the number of means-tested income programmes while making…
St Century Welfare
Latin America as laboratory for conditional cash transfers, fast becoming the hegemonic social-protection paradigm for the Global South. In a comparative survey, Lena Lavinas reveals the CCT model as a strategy for the financialization—not abolition—of poverty
Economic Crisis and Tertiarization in Brazil's Metropolitan Labour Market
Roundtable
In May 2020, the guest editors of this special number organized a roundtable discussion centred on six themes and covered a broad range of topics pertaining to Latin American development, politics and economics. The context of ‘pink tides’ and ‘right turns’ are a backdrop that represent both the consequences and the lead up to what comes next. At the centre of the analysis are the core dynamics of the political systems we intend to explore. The p…
Social Policy and Structural Heterogeneity in Latin America
This article addresses the complementarity between social policy and pro-growth macroeconomic policies, which turned redistribution into a crucial issue to consolidate market societies through the expansion of demand. It focuses on the recent economic history of Latin America, marked by the emergence of new conceptual paradigms so as to grasp the singularities of the region ́s development. Three questions are then raised: i) which social inclusio…
Atividade e vulnerabilidade
The purpose of this article is to compare different family models according to the typology proposed by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, or National Census Bureau), to verify whether families headed by women really represent the most vulnerable or at-risk family arrangement. The latter is the commonsense notion that legitimizes the framework of feminization of poverty, in vogue in the last two decades and with considerab…
Income transfers and household debt. The advancing collateralization of social policy in the midst of restructuring crises
The aim of this article is to address how household debt and contemporary credit markets seem to be the defining elements in the reshaping of social policy both in developing and developed countries. We start off by recalling how the implementation of income policies as the core of a new social protection paradigm has contributed to promote market-based finance. We take Brazil as a case study to illustrate how this new connection between state gu…
Social Policy since Rousseff
The objectives of this article are (1) to characterize the Brazilian social context in the pre- and postimpeachment periods of President Dilma Rousseff and to interpret the direction of the so-called Temer reforms and their impact on the deepening and generalization of the financialization process of the Brazilian economy; (2) to highlight the low complementarity of macroeconomic policy with regards to social policy in these two periods; (3) to e…
Reforma da previdência e regime complementar
Este artigo interroga a relação entre o sistema público de aposentadorias e pensões no Brasil e o regime complementar de capitalização (ou de contribuição definida), ante mais uma investida de reforma contra o seguro social. Após caracterizar brevemente o perfil do sistema público e a evolução recente das aposentadorias fully-funded, discute os pressupostos de que este regime seria mais benéfico à elevação da poupança privada e, portanto, do inve…
Economic Crisis and Tertiarization in Brazil's Metropolitan Labour Market
Emprego Feminino
Based on Brazilian census data for 1985-95 (PNAD), the article offers evidence concerning recent changes in female employment. In doing so, it calls into question the current notion that when women become more economically active, male joblessness rates rise over the long run. If it is true that jobs are scarce at this moment of productive restructuring and that the market now favors women over men, it is also true that this has transpired withou…
Combater a pobreza estimulando a freqüência escolar
The purpose of this article is to present the initial results of an impact study on a scholarship program implemented since 1997 in Recife, capital of the State of Pernambuco in Northeast Brazil. The scholarship program is designed to guarantee a minimum income for poor families by providing a monetary stipend that is contingent on school attendance by the familys children in the 7-14-year age bracket, in basic education (8 years of schooling). I…
Encouraging School Attendance in Mozambique by Granting a Minimum Income to Parents
This article explains the reasons behind the introduction of Minimum Income for School Attendance (MISA) programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa. Following a brief description of the ideas behind these programmes and their advantages over the traditional social security safety nets and guaranteed‐income programmes, we describe the pilot scheme which the government of Mozambique is intending to introduce in 2003 and evaluate its prospects for success and…
Femmes
L'annonce du Premier Plan national de réforme agraire en mai 1985 suscite la mobilisation des masses populaires à la campagne. Petits producteurs, paysans sans terre et ouvriers agricoles revendiquent l'accès à la terre. Les auteures analysent la participation des femmes à ce mouvement, aussi bien sur le plan institutionnel que non institutionnel. À partir d'une enquête menée auprès d'une « invasion » dans l'état de Rio de Janeiro, elles s'interr…
From Means-Test Schemes to Basic Income in Brazil
This article reflects upon probabilities for the progressive implementation of a basic income in Brazil and presents a proposal to that end. It considers short- to medium-term prospects within a context that lacks a tradition of universal policies. Although a Law approving the right to a basic income became effective in 2005, Brazilian social policies are increasingly focused on increasing the number of means-tested income programmes while making…
Atividade e vulnerabilidade
The purpose of this article is to compare different family models according to the typology proposed by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, or National Census Bureau), to verify whether families headed by women really represent the most vulnerable or at-risk family arrangement. The latter is the commonsense notion that legitimizes the framework of feminization of poverty, in vogue in the last two decades and with considerab…
Gasto social no Brasil
Este artigo contrapõe a evolução recente do gasto no Brasil: redução do gasto com infra-estrutura social e aumento das transferências monetárias sujeitas à comprovação de renda. Evidencia-se que o modelo de combate à pobreza vigente no Brasil concentrado em programas focalizados de transferência de renda sem promover em simultâneo o aumento do gasto per capita em educação, saneamento básico, habitação não equaciona a questão da desigualdade. Nest…
Empreendedorismo, Microcrédito e Superação da Miséria no Brasil
O governo Dilma Roussef estabeleceu como meta degoverno a erradicação da miséria no Brasil até 2014. Lançou, assim, o ProgramaBrasil Sem Miséria, cujo objetivo é, através da integração de um conjunto deintervenções, enfrentar a multidimensionalidade da pobreza. De um lado, mantémas transferências de renda do Programa Bolsa Família, agora ampliadas paradirimir falhas de cobertura do público-alvo. De outro, compromete-se em levaraos mais destituído…
St Century Welfare
Latin America as laboratory for conditional cash transfers, fast becoming the hegemonic social-protection paradigm for the Global South. In a comparative survey, Lena Lavinas reveals the CCT model as a strategy for the financialization—not abolition—of poverty
Piso De Protección Social
El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de discutir el tema del piso de protección social preconizado por la OIT y por el sistema de las Naciones Unidas, y su adecuación a Brasil. Por piso de protección social se entiende asegurar “garantías básicas” de seguridad social a los grupos más vulnerables, en particular ingreso monetario para determinadas categorías, como niños, discapacitados o personas de edad. Mientras se reconozca que el piso es una …
A Moment of Equality for Latin America
Foreword, Marianne Braig. Part I Opening the Question: Redistribution and persistent challenges: an introduction, Lena Lavinas and Barbara Fritz Moments of equality: today's Latin America in a global historical context, Goran Therborn. Part II Challenges for Coordinating Economic and Social Policies: The limits of redistributive policies in Latin America: complementarities between economic and social protection systems, Ruben M. Lo Vuolo 'Postneo…
É a macroeconomia, idiota
Esse artigo debate alguns pontos desenvolvidos no mais recente relatório das Nações Unidas intitulado Avanços do Mundo das Mulheres 2015-2016 - Transformando as Economias, Implementando Direitos, que trata da persistência das desigualdades de gênero no mundo contemporâneo. Explora notadamente aspectos ligados às consequências das políticas macroeconômicas ortodoxas na reprodução dessas desigualdades por restringir o gasto público e as políticas u…
The Takeover of Social Policy by Financialization
This book critically addresses the model of social inclusion that prevailed in Brazil under the rule of the Workers Party from the early 2000s until 2015. It examines how the emergence of a mass consumer society proved insufficient, not only to overcome underdevelopment, but also to consolidate the comprehensive social protection system inherited from Brazilâ s 1988 Constitution. By juxtaposing different theoretical frameworks, this book scrutini…
How Social Developmentalism Reframed Social Policy in Brazil
This paper proposes to critically situate how social developmentalism reshaped social policy in Brazil in the 2000s, to stimulate access to credit and to financial markets, thereby fostering a transition towards a mass-consumption society. This structural move is radically distinct from the very framework which inspired the tenets of early Latin American structuralist thought in the post-war period. Whereas seminal structuralism neglected the rol…
Social Policy and Structural Heterogeneity in Latin America
This article addresses the complementarity between social policy and pro-growth macroeconomic policies, which turned redistribution into a crucial issue to consolidate market societies through the expansion of demand. It focuses on the recent economic history of Latin America, marked by the emergence of new conceptual paradigms so as to grasp the singularities of the region ́s development. Three questions are then raised: i) which social inclusio…
Brésil
Certains disent que 1968 est une année qui ne s’est jamais vraiment terminée... Avec du recul, on peut dire aujourd’hui que 2016 fut l’année d’un coup d’Etat qui semble ne jamais finir, en témoignent la gravité alarmante et l’étendue de ses répercussions dramatiques et durables dans la vie des Brésiliens. Le « coup d’Etat parlementaire » a commencé, fin 2015, avec l’ouverture du processus d’impeachment contre la présidente Dilma Rousseff. Ce proc…
Reforma da previdência e regime complementar
Este artigo interroga a relação entre o sistema público de aposentadorias e pensões no Brasil e o regime complementar de capitalização (ou de contribuição definida), ante mais uma investida de reforma contra o seguro social. Após caracterizar brevemente o perfil do sistema público e a evolução recente das aposentadorias fully-funded, discute os pressupostos de que este regime seria mais benéfico à elevação da poupança privada e, portanto, do inve…
Transformações dos sistemas de saúde na era da financeirização. Lições da França e do Brasil
Desde a segunda metade do século XX, reformas tornaram-se contínuas no âmbito dos sistemas de proteção social, ampliando ou, com mais frequência, restringindo o escopo e a escala da provisão pública. Neste artigo, cotejamos a evolução recente dos sistemas de saúde na França e no Brasil, de modo a apreender os mecanismos através dos quais a “financeirização” vem reformatando a provisão pública. Essa abordagem comparada tem por finalidade explicita…
The Collateralization of Social Policy under Financialized Capitalism
This article examines how financialized capitalism has radically subverted the role and logic of social policy, provoking a sea change in the realm of social welfare, particularly in the global South, and breaking with previous frameworks which were grounded in principles of redistribution. In the process, new blueprints have emerged which raise concerns: re-commodification has replaced de-commodification; and debt, through financial inclusion, n…
Brasil anos 2000
Este artigo analisa como o processo de financeirização em massa, que caracterizou o ciclo de governança do Partido dos Trabalhadores, ganha escala e escopo subsumindo a política social. Prioriza o exame de três setores em particular-previdência, saúde e educação superior-, revelando qual o papel do Estado nesse processo e como os agentes financeiros tornam-se os gestores do social
Doomed to Fail
Doomed to Fail: Unmasking Failure as a Powerful Engine of Accumulation in Contemporary Capitalism - Appadurai Arjun and Neta Alexander, Failure (Cambridge, Polity Press, 2020, 145 p.) - Volume 61 Issue 3
Social Policy since Rousseff
The objectives of this article are (1) to characterize the Brazilian social context in the pre- and postimpeachment periods of President Dilma Rousseff and to interpret the direction of the so-called Temer reforms and their impact on the deepening and generalization of the financialization process of the Brazilian economy; (2) to highlight the low complementarity of macroeconomic policy with regards to social policy in these two periods; (3) to e…
On Sarah L. Quinn’s American Bonds. How Credit Markets Shaped a Nation, Princeton, NJ
Roundtable
In May 2020, the guest editors of this special number organized a roundtable discussion centred on six themes and covered a broad range of topics pertaining to Latin American development, politics and economics. The context of ‘pink tides’ and ‘right turns’ are a backdrop that represent both the consequences and the lead up to what comes next. At the centre of the analysis are the core dynamics of the political systems we intend to explore. The p…
Political science (23 works) · Economics (17 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Economic Theory and Policy (10 works) · Law (10 works) · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare (8 works) · Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism (7 works) · Humanities (7 works) · Income, Poverty, and Inequality (7 works) · Political economy (7 works)