William Gerin
Biographic Data
| ID | 8869158 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William Gerin |
| GIVEN NAMES | William |
| FAMILY NAME | Gerin |
| SIGNATURE | GERIN W |
| AFFILIATIONS | NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 19 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery
Heart Rate Recovery After Cognitive Challenge Is Preserved With Age
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of age on heart rate recovery (HRR) from cognitive challenge. BACKGROUND: Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. HRR from exercise is an established predictor of cardiac morbidity and mortality, and evidence suggests that HRR from cognitive challenge is predictive of cardiac morbidity as well. Aging is associated with delayed HRR from exercise stress, but little is k…
In Memoriam
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania This article was first published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2009;38:69. Epub August 25, 2009. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9115-6. It is reproduced (with minor changes) by courtesy of the Society of Behavioral Medicine and Springer
Racism and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Community Sample
Objective: Racism has been identified as a psychosocial stressor that may contribute to disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The goal of the present article was to investigate the relationship of perceived racism to ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in a sample of American-born Blacks and Latinos. Methods: Participants included English-speaking Black or Latino(a) adults between the ages of 24 and 65. They completed daily mood di…
The perseverative cognition hypothesis
The Role of Angry Rumination and Distraction in Blood Pressure Recovery From Emotional Arousal
Objective: Cardiovascular recovery of prestress baseline blood pressure has been implicated as a possible additional determinant of sustained blood pressure elevation. We hypothesize that angry ruminations may slow the recovery process. Method: A within-subjects design was used in which resting baseline blood pressure and heart rate measurements were assessed on 60 subjects, who then took part in two anger-recall tasks. After each task, subjects …
Perceived racism and blood pressure
Racial disparities in health, including elevated rates of hypertension (HT) among Blacks, are widely recognized and a matter of serious concern. Researchers have hypothesized that social stress, and in particular exposure to racism, may account for some of the between-group differences in the prevalence of HT and a portion of the within-group variations in risk for HT. However, there have been surprisingly few empirical studies of the relationshi…
Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular reactivity is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease. We describe three considerations that are crucial for a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress: the need for laboratory-life generalizability, the role of interactions between environmental exposures and individual response predispositions, and the importance of the duration of both stressor exposure and cardiova…
Psychophysiological Reactivity
OBJECTIVE: This article examines possible sources of heightened psychophysiological reactivity in relation to risk for hypertension and coronary artery disease. The idea that exaggerated reactions to psychological stress may predict greater risk for future disease has some support in the psychosomatic and behavioral medicine literature. However, the pathways by which exaggerated reactivity could arise in a given person and the implications of dif…
Cardiovascular Reactivity
This article introduces a series of articles that assess the present status of the cardiovascular reactivity construct as well as the progress that has been made since a critical review of the reactivity literature by Pickering and Gerin was published in 1990
The Role of Rumination in Recovery from Reactivity
Objective While most investigations of the link between blood pressure responses and later disease have focused on acute reactivity during stressful tasks, there is some theoretical and empirical reason to believe that examining recovery and later re-creations of BP responses may also be useful. Two experiments explored situational determinants of sustained BP elevations, examining whether the extent of recovery and the ability to later mentally …
Psychological Variables in Hypertension
OBJECTIVE: The evidence linking hypertension with personality or psychological characteristics, such as anger, anxiety, or depression, remains equivocal. This may be due in part to limitations of personality theory, confounding by awareness of hypertension, and/or inherent difficulties in measuring blood pressure. This study was designed to investigate the association between mild hypertension as defined by both ambulatory and casual (clinic) blo…
Gender, Social Support, and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress
OBJECTIVE: Laboratory research indicates that the presence of a supportive other can reduce physiological responses to a stressor. Whether there are gender differences, either on the part of the provider or the recipient, in this social support effect is explored. Such differences might shed some light on the frequent epidemiological reports of gender differences in social support and health. METHODS: Male and female subjects gave an impromptu sp…
Social Support Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the effects on cardiovascular reactivity of social support from an audience member depend only on the behavior of that person or also depend on the relationship between the audience and the actor. That is, is there any added reduction in physiological response if the person who is nodding and smiling supportively is also a friend? METHOD: Ninety subjects gave a speech to an observer. In two of the conditions, th…
Social Support as a Moderator of Cardiovascular Reactivity in Women
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity in women. Two models by which social support may operate were examined: the direct effects and buffering models. Twenty-six subjects were exposed to four conditions while playing a video game: two levels of stress (low, high) and two levels of social support (alone, together). Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. Rati…
Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Perceived Control Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity
We have found that enhanced control has an attenuating effect on cardiovascular reactivity when effort of responding is maintained constant; however, not all individuals will react to increased control in the same manner. In the present study, 40 subjects engaged in a mental arithmetic task under high control (self-paced) and low control (externally paced) conditions. Subjects' self-efficacy concerning this task was assessed. As expected, signifi…
A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure
This study tested the hypothesis that reports of poor generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity measured in the laboratory to changes observed during everyday life are due to a lack of standardization of activities and position (sitting, standing) in the latter situation. Thirty-seven subjects engaged in reactivity testing, and then in a 4-hour series of standardized activities outside the laboratory (controlled ambulatory phase), accompanied…
The multi-dimensional nature of active coping
Some studies show that enhanced control increases cardiovascular reactivity; other studies show decreases. This disparity may be due to a confound: enhanced control may reduce reactivity, but effort accompanying active coping may increase it. The present study was designed to vary level of control and availability of active coping responses, while maintaining effort constant. Sixty female undergraduates performed word-search puzzles while blood p…
Social support in social interaction
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity, which may be a factor in the development of heart disease and hypertension. An experiment was performed in which each of 40 subjects was the object of verbal attack in a discussion of a controversial issue. In each session, one subject and three confederates participated. Two of the confederates argued with the subject; in half the groups…
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The multi-dimensional nature of active coping
Some studies show that enhanced control increases cardiovascular reactivity; other studies show decreases. This disparity may be due to a confound: enhanced control may reduce reactivity, but effort accompanying active coping may increase it. The present study was designed to vary level of control and availability of active coping responses, while maintaining effort constant. Sixty female undergraduates performed word-search puzzles while blood p…
Social support in social interaction
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity, which may be a factor in the development of heart disease and hypertension. An experiment was performed in which each of 40 subjects was the object of verbal attack in a discussion of a controversial issue. In each session, one subject and three confederates participated. Two of the confederates argued with the subject; in half the groups…
A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure
This study tested the hypothesis that reports of poor generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity measured in the laboratory to changes observed during everyday life are due to a lack of standardization of activities and position (sitting, standing) in the latter situation. Thirty-seven subjects engaged in reactivity testing, and then in a 4-hour series of standardized activities outside the laboratory (controlled ambulatory phase), accompanied…
Social Support as a Moderator of Cardiovascular Reactivity in Women
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity in women. Two models by which social support may operate were examined: the direct effects and buffering models. Twenty-six subjects were exposed to four conditions while playing a video game: two levels of stress (low, high) and two levels of social support (alone, together). Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. Rati…
Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Perceived Control Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity
We have found that enhanced control has an attenuating effect on cardiovascular reactivity when effort of responding is maintained constant; however, not all individuals will react to increased control in the same manner. In the present study, 40 subjects engaged in a mental arithmetic task under high control (self-paced) and low control (externally paced) conditions. Subjects' self-efficacy concerning this task was assessed. As expected, signifi…
Social Support Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the effects on cardiovascular reactivity of social support from an audience member depend only on the behavior of that person or also depend on the relationship between the audience and the actor. That is, is there any added reduction in physiological response if the person who is nodding and smiling supportively is also a friend? METHOD: Ninety subjects gave a speech to an observer. In two of the conditions, th…
Gender, Social Support, and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress
OBJECTIVE: Laboratory research indicates that the presence of a supportive other can reduce physiological responses to a stressor. Whether there are gender differences, either on the part of the provider or the recipient, in this social support effect is explored. Such differences might shed some light on the frequent epidemiological reports of gender differences in social support and health. METHODS: Male and female subjects gave an impromptu sp…
Psychological Variables in Hypertension
OBJECTIVE: The evidence linking hypertension with personality or psychological characteristics, such as anger, anxiety, or depression, remains equivocal. This may be due in part to limitations of personality theory, confounding by awareness of hypertension, and/or inherent difficulties in measuring blood pressure. This study was designed to investigate the association between mild hypertension as defined by both ambulatory and casual (clinic) blo…
The Role of Rumination in Recovery from Reactivity
Objective While most investigations of the link between blood pressure responses and later disease have focused on acute reactivity during stressful tasks, there is some theoretical and empirical reason to believe that examining recovery and later re-creations of BP responses may also be useful. Two experiments explored situational determinants of sustained BP elevations, examining whether the extent of recovery and the ability to later mentally …
Perceived racism and blood pressure
Racial disparities in health, including elevated rates of hypertension (HT) among Blacks, are widely recognized and a matter of serious concern. Researchers have hypothesized that social stress, and in particular exposure to racism, may account for some of the between-group differences in the prevalence of HT and a portion of the within-group variations in risk for HT. However, there have been surprisingly few empirical studies of the relationshi…
Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular reactivity is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease. We describe three considerations that are crucial for a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress: the need for laboratory-life generalizability, the role of interactions between environmental exposures and individual response predispositions, and the importance of the duration of both stressor exposure and cardiova…
Psychophysiological Reactivity
OBJECTIVE: This article examines possible sources of heightened psychophysiological reactivity in relation to risk for hypertension and coronary artery disease. The idea that exaggerated reactions to psychological stress may predict greater risk for future disease has some support in the psychosomatic and behavioral medicine literature. However, the pathways by which exaggerated reactivity could arise in a given person and the implications of dif…
Cardiovascular Reactivity
This article introduces a series of articles that assess the present status of the cardiovascular reactivity construct as well as the progress that has been made since a critical review of the reactivity literature by Pickering and Gerin was published in 1990
The perseverative cognition hypothesis
The Role of Angry Rumination and Distraction in Blood Pressure Recovery From Emotional Arousal
Objective: Cardiovascular recovery of prestress baseline blood pressure has been implicated as a possible additional determinant of sustained blood pressure elevation. We hypothesize that angry ruminations may slow the recovery process. Method: A within-subjects design was used in which resting baseline blood pressure and heart rate measurements were assessed on 60 subjects, who then took part in two anger-recall tasks. After each task, subjects …
Racism and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Community Sample
Objective: Racism has been identified as a psychosocial stressor that may contribute to disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The goal of the present article was to investigate the relationship of perceived racism to ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in a sample of American-born Blacks and Latinos. Methods: Participants included English-speaking Black or Latino(a) adults between the ages of 24 and 65. They completed daily mood di…
In Memoriam
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania This article was first published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2009;38:69. Epub August 25, 2009. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9115-6. It is reproduced (with minor changes) by courtesy of the Society of Behavioral Medicine and Springer
Heart Rate Recovery After Cognitive Challenge Is Preserved With Age
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of age on heart rate recovery (HRR) from cognitive challenge. BACKGROUND: Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. HRR from exercise is an established predictor of cardiac morbidity and mortality, and evidence suggests that HRR from cognitive challenge is predictive of cardiac morbidity as well. Aging is associated with delayed HRR from exercise stress, but little is k…
Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery
Medicine (18 works) · Psychology (18 works) · Internal Medicine (14 works) · Internal Medicine (14 works) · Cardiac Health and Mental Health (12 works) · Blood pressure (11 works) · Reactivity (psychology) (11 works) · Clinical Psychology (10 works) · Stress Responses and Cortisol (10 works) · Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control (9 works)