Ralph L Piedmont
Biographic Data
| ID | 89398 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ralph L Piedmont |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ralph L |
| FAMILY NAME | Piedmont |
| SIGNATURE | PIEDMONT R L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Loyola University Maryland |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0482-6761 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 268 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Finding More Meaning in Meaning-Making: Development and Validation of the Ways of Meaning Scale
Meaning-making is an essential quality of human flourishing. Since Frankl, scholars in psychology have investigated over many decades the connection meaning-making has to a several metrics of well-being. This study introduces a novel approach to measuring meaning, called the Logoplex, which identifies the underlying processes that create meaning. In this model, meaning-making is a function of three interlocking processes (a) self vs other; materi…
Cross-cultural generalizability of the Numinous Motivation Inventory to China
Some Comments on the Ethical Use of Religious and Spiritual Constructs in Clinical Practice
Religious and spiritual ( r / s ) issues are important to the counseling process. While valuable for understanding clients, their emergence in treatment carries many complex issues that can strain a counselor’s scope of practice. In response to this, the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling ( aservic ) has developed a set of competencies for counselors to address r / s issues in an ethically competent manner. Thi…
Factor analysis and reliability of the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (Aspires) Scale in an Iranian sample
This study investigated the factor structure and reliability of the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale in an Iranian sample. A total of 409 subjects (213 females and 196 males) between the ages of 14 and 88 years (Mean = 34.37) were selected. Scores were submitted to a principal components analysis using an oblimin rotation. The resulting pattern loadings were then subjected to an orthogonal procrustean rotation t…
The virtue of religious faith and its relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of torture: The unique outcomes of men and women
Three aspects of religious faith: faith-as-faithfulness; faith-as-trust; and faith-as-experience were examined in the lives of torture survivors with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The Fetzer Scale items: Positive and Negative Religious Coping (PRC & NRC), Religious Practices (RP), and Daily Spiritual Experiences (DSE) were applied to a sample of 111 asylees. While none of the correlational hypotheses from the total sample showed a signifi…
Spiritual Transcendence and Psychological Time Perspective Drive Religious Non-Affiliation More than the Big 5 Personality Domains
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of psychological time perspective and spiritual transcendence as predictors of one's belief status (e.g., religious believer vs. non-believer). The underlying assumption was that individual differences in engaging with broad existential issues would determine whether or not religious belief would be of value. Using a sample of 373 believers and 316 non-believers (411 women and 293 mean, mean age =…
Putting the science back in the scientific study of religiousness and spirituality: A commentary on Paloutzian and Park (2021)
The Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (Aspires) scale: Examining a spiritual transcendence nomological net in Polish context
Whatsoever You Do unto the Least of My Brethren, You Do unto Me: Using the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (Aspires) Scale in a Socially and Economically Marginalized Rescue Missio…
Homelessness is a continual problem around the world, leaving many organizations uncertain of how to serve these individuals. Although 60-percent of homeless are being served by faith-based organizations, religiosity and spirituality have been largely ignored by researchers as a way of treatment. In this study, we looked at 121 men who were admitted to a Christian-based rescue mission. The mission offered programs such as NA/AA and Spiritual Deve…
Let Him Who Is without Sin Cast the First Stone: Religious Struggle among Persons Convicted of Sexually Offending
Religiousness and spirituality have been identified as important factors in promoting desistance from sexual offending and as helpful coping resources with negative psychological consequences related to public registration. However, the potential mental health benefits, and detriments, of religiousness and spirituality for persons convicted of sexually offending have not been widely examined. Given the moral implications of their behavior and sti…
Spiritual Crisis as a Unique Causal Predictor of Emotional and Characterological Impairment in Atheists and Agnostics: Numinous Motivations as Universal Psychological Qualities
While there is a tremendous literature documenting the positive value of religious and spiritual (R/S) constructs on an array of psychosocial outcomes (e.g., health, resilience, coping ability), Spiritual Crisis (SC) reflects the negative side of the numinous in a way that stresses the value and importance of R/S constructs for psychological functioning. This study examined whether numinous constructs are more relevant to theists or represent uni…
Religious Crisis as an Independent Causal Predictor of Psychological Distress: Understanding the Unique Role of the Numinous for Intrapsychic Functioning
Religious and spiritual (R/S) struggles are tensions or conflicts one experiences in relationship to what is considered sacred or transcendent. In this study, we tested competing causal models of psychological distress as it relates to personality and R/S struggle using structural equation modeling. The study sample consisted of 226 (72.0%) females and 88 (28.0%) males (n = 314) drawn from the Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) worker population. W…
Spirituality, religiousness, personality as predictors of stress and resilience among middle-aged Vietnamese-Born American Catholics
The aim of this study was to examine the predictive power of spirituality and religiousness in terms of well-being. Spirituality and religiousness were measured by the ASPIRES Scale. Participants in this study were 171 middle-aged Vietnamese-born American Catholics. Results indicated that both resilience and stress significantly related to Prayer Fulfillment, Religious Involvement, and Religious Crisis, and Universality related significantly to r…
Who is Mturk? Personal characteristics and sample consistency of these online workers
Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers as a convenient method to gather human subjects due to its efficiency, low cost, and ease of use in securing data samples. The current study provides a meta-analytic review across three separate MTurk samples. Participants were 1707 US citizens (774 males and 933 females, aged 18–77 years) recruited from Amazon’s MTurk system. Results indicated that across thre…
The Impact of the Core Transformation Process on Spirituality, Symptom Experience, and Psychological Maturity in a Mixed Age Sample in India: A Pilot Study
Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion. Vol. 26
Annotation
Inter-item Correlations
Age and gender effects on the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (Aspires) scale: A cross-sectional analysis
Research literature suggests that there are age and gender effects on numinous constructs, but little is known about how spirituality and religiousness evolve over time and differ between genders. The purpose of this study was to determine whether observed gender and age effects would be evidenced on the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) and whether the underlying factor structure of the ASPIRES was consistent across a…
A short history of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality: Providing growth and meaning for Division 36
Maladaptively High and Low Openness: The Case for Experiential Permeability
The domain of Openness within the Five‐Factor Model ( FFM ) has received inconsistent support as a source for maladaptive personality functioning, at least when the latter is confined to the disorders of personality included within the American Psychiatric Association's ( APA ) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM‐IV ‐ TR ; APA , ). However, an advantage of the FFM relative to the DSM‐IV ‐ TR is that the former was develope…
Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 22
Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion publishes empirical and theoretical studies of religion from a wide range of disciplines and from all parts of the globe. A special section is devoted to the issue of psychological type and religion and especially how psychological type can increase our understanding of Christian ministry. Alongside this section are papers presenting studies on subjects such as civic participation, suffering wit…
Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 20
The empirical and conceptual value of the spiritual transcendence and religious involvement scales for personality research
Despite their wide usage, the constructs of spirituality and religiosity have no universally accepted definitions, and very little research has examined how these numinous constructs relate both to one another and to established personality dimensions. Two studies are presented that examined the factor structure of a motivationally based measure of spirituality, the Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS) and a behaviorally based measure of religiosi…
Spirituality and religiosity as cross-cultural aspects of human experience
Using the five-factor model to identify a new personality disorder domain: The case for experiential permeability
Two studies were conducted to demonstrate that maladaptive aspects of high and low Openness to Experience were related to characterological impairment and that this aspect of personality may define a new domain of personality dysfunction. The 55-item Experiential Permeability Inventory (EPI; containing 4 scales) was developed and demonstrated to have acceptable psychometric properties. Evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validit…
Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five-Factor Model
This study reports on the development of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale, a measure designed to capture aspects of the individual that are independent of the qualities contained in the Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). Using two separate samples of undergraduate students including both self-report ( N s = 379 and 356) and observer data ( N = 279), it was shown that Spiritual Transcendence: (a) was independent of measures of the FFM; (b) e…
Age differences in personality across the adult life span: Parallels in five cultures
On the invalidity of validity scales: Evidence from self-reports and observer ratings in volunteer samples
Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Development and Validation of the NEO PI-R for Koreans
Increasing interest is being directed toward demonstrating the cross-cultural generalizability of the five-factor model of personality. This report outlines the development and initial validation of a Korean version of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R), a commercially available instrument designed to capture these five major dimensions. Study 1 involved Korean nationals (320 men and 334 women) and documented the reliability and str…
Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in India: Spirituality as a Universal Aspect of Human Experience
Spirituality can be perceived as a universal human experience, as evidenced by recent advances in theobiology and neurotheology. Our aspiration to find meaning within our own mortality is fundamental to human strivings. Spirituality has been found to comprise a unique factor to explain human behavior above and beyond the heritable features that comprise personality. However, little research has been conducted validating spiritual transcendence ac…
Adjective Check List scales and the five-factor model
Correlations of Adjective Check List (ACL; Gough & Heilbrun, 1965, 1983) scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality provide a basis for reinterpreting ealier studies and construing new ACL scales in terms of a common conceptual framework
Cracking the Plaster Cast: Big Five Personality Change during Intensive Outpatient Counseling
Using the five-factor model to identify a new personality disorder domain: The case for experiential permeability
Two studies were conducted to demonstrate that maladaptive aspects of high and low Openness to Experience were related to characterological impairment and that this aspect of personality may define a new domain of personality dysfunction. The 55-item Experiential Permeability Inventory (EPI; containing 4 scales) was developed and demonstrated to have acceptable psychometric properties. Evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validit…
Religious Crisis as an Independent Causal Predictor of Psychological Distress: Understanding the Unique Role of the Numinous for Intrapsychic Functioning
Religious and spiritual (R/S) struggles are tensions or conflicts one experiences in relationship to what is considered sacred or transcendent. In this study, we tested competing causal models of psychological distress as it relates to personality and R/S struggle using structural equation modeling. The study sample consisted of 226 (72.0%) females and 88 (28.0%) males (n = 314) drawn from the Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) worker population. W…
Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in the Prediction of Clergy Burnout
Thomas E. Rodgerson, Ralph L. Piedmont, Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in the Prediction of Clergy Burnout, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Sep., 1998), pp. 517-527
Spiritual Crisis as a Unique Causal Predictor of Emotional and Characterological Impairment in Atheists and Agnostics: Numinous Motivations as Universal Psychological Qualities
While there is a tremendous literature documenting the positive value of religious and spiritual (R/S) constructs on an array of psychosocial outcomes (e.g., health, resilience, coping ability), Spiritual Crisis (SC) reflects the negative side of the numinous in a way that stresses the value and importance of R/S constructs for psychological functioning. This study examined whether numinous constructs are more relevant to theists or represent uni…
Another look at fear of success, fear of failure, and test anxiety: A motivational analysis using the five-factor model
Effects of Task Instructions and Passage Difficulty on Semantic and Non-Semantic Processing of Linguistic Ideas
An active role in learning was assumed by the 80 volunteers in this experiment. Three independent variables were manipulated, knowledge of a recognition test, voicing an opinion about the passage, and the difficulty of passage. Three factorial analyses of variance showed significant main effects for knowledge of a recognition test and difficulty of passage on the nonsemantic section of the recognition task; significant three-way interactions of k…
Subject's Selective Learning: An Insight into the Depth-of-Processing Framework
Recently, debate has arisen over Craik and Lockhart's (1972) depth-of-processing framework. Attention has centered on the existence of a progressive linear hierarchy which is hypothesized to be the locus of the learning process. The term ‘subject's selective learning’ is used to bring a new perspective to this theory. This term asserts that what a subject is required to do in a particular learning situation will determine the durability of the me…
An interactional model of achievement motivation and fear of success
The relationship between achievement motivation, anxiety, and situational characteristics on performance on a cognitive task
The Life Activities Achievement Scale: An Act-Frequency Approach to the Measurement of Motivation
The TAT has long been considered the measure of choice for capturing operant aspects of achievement motivation. Not only does the psychometric integrity of the TAT continue to be challenged, but the instrument is cumbersome and inefficient for use in a research setting. Thus, there remains a need for a measure of achievement motivation that is easy to administer, is psychometrically sound, and has the interpretive depth of a projective test. The …
Adjective Check List scales and the five-factor model
Correlations of Adjective Check List (ACL; Gough & Heilbrun, 1965, 1983) scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality provide a basis for reinterpreting ealier studies and construing new ACL scales in terms of a common conceptual framework
Inter-Item Correlation Frequency Distribution Analysis: A Method for Evaluating Scale Dimensionality
Briggs and Cheek (1986) have suggested that the mean of inter-item correlations for a scale provides information about whether that scale is unidimensional or not. More information about the dimensionality of a scale is provided by the frequency distribution function of inter-item correlations. A method of examining the frequency distribution functions as a way of inferring dimensionality is described and illustrated. Using data from the NEO Pers…
Folk Concepts, Natural Language, and Psychological Constructs: The California Psychological Inventory and the Five‐Factor Model
Both the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1987) and the five‐factor model of personality have roots in folk concepts of personality. The present article offers a conceptual analysis of CPI scales in terms of the five‐factor model. In the first study, judges rated the item content of CPI scales in terms of the five factors. In the second, CPI scales were correlated with the factors as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐P…
Big-Five Adjective Marker Scales for Use with College Students
This report evaluated the psychometric integrity of an 80-item bipolar adjective scale which assesses the dimensions of the five-factor model of personality. Using a college sample of 149 women and 30 men, a principal components analysis employing an orthogonal Procrustes rotation identified the five factors which were comparable to factor structures found with adults. Researchers can therefore have some confidence in using these marker scales wi…
Another look at fear of success, fear of failure, and test anxiety: A motivational analysis using the five-factor model
Personality Correlates of One's Image of Jesus: Historiographic Analysis Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality
This research obtained ratings of Jesus on a comprehensive, well-validated personality instrument, the Adjective Check List. Ratings from 77 women and 38 men (ages 17 to 75) were obtained, and the resulting historiographic profile portrayed Jesus as being sympathetic and supportive of others, although he was perceived as maintaining an autonomous and detached presence. Using the five-factor model of personality as the organizing framework, we fou…
Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Development and Validation of the NEO PI-R for Koreans
Increasing interest is being directed toward demonstrating the cross-cultural generalizability of the five-factor model of personality. This report outlines the development and initial validation of a Korean version of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R), a commercially available instrument designed to capture these five major dimensions. Study 1 involved Korean nationals (320 men and 334 women) and documented the reliability and str…
Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in the Prediction of Clergy Burnout
Thomas E. Rodgerson, Ralph L. Piedmont, Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in the Prediction of Clergy Burnout, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Sep., 1998), pp. 517-527
Strategies for Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality in Religious Research
The five-factor model of personality (FFM) represents an important advancement in the area of personality research and assessment. One of the model's assets is its ability to organize under a common roof disparate measurement models and provide a common language for talking about important qualities of people. This article argues that the FFM can serve as a useful tool for religious researchers in four ways. First, it can be useful in consolidati…
Age differences in personality across the adult life span: Parallels in five cultures
Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five-Factor Model
This study reports on the development of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale, a measure designed to capture aspects of the individual that are independent of the qualities contained in the Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). Using two separate samples of undergraduate students including both self-report ( N s = 379 and 356) and observer data ( N = 279), it was shown that Spiritual Transcendence: (a) was independent of measures of the FFM; (b) e…
On the invalidity of validity scales: Evidence from self-reports and observer ratings in volunteer samples
Cracking the Plaster Cast: Big Five Personality Change during Intensive Outpatient Counseling
Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 12
The purpose of this book is to provide an outlet for original research articles examining the role and value of religious and spiritual constructs across the social sciences. The aim of the series is to include an international and interfaith voice to this research dialogue. An effort is made to be interdisciplinary and academically eclectic. The articles in the current volume represent a wide array of perspectives and research projects. Most of …
Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in India: Spirituality as a Universal Aspect of Human Experience
Spirituality can be perceived as a universal human experience, as evidenced by recent advances in theobiology and neurotheology. Our aspiration to find meaning within our own mortality is fundamental to human strivings. Spirituality has been found to comprise a unique factor to explain human behavior above and beyond the heritable features that comprise personality. However, little research has been conducted validating spiritual transcendence ac…
A First Look at the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders Screening Questionnaire: More Than Just a Screener
This study examined the psychometrics of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM -1V Personality Disorders Personality Questionnaire (SC1D-IIP) self-report personality questionnaire. The responses to the instrument were found reliable and evidenced good self-other convergence. Correlations with external criteria showed the SCID-III’ to contain broad personological information. The scale s basis in DSM - IV nosology makes it a potentially import…
Spirituality and Burnout: An Incremental Validity Study
Burnout is often seen as a combination of personality and work environment factors. Like other professions in burnout research, clergy have been treated with little consideration for what might be unique about or vital to the vocation or its adherents. The present study examined the incremental validity of spirituality in predicting burnout in United Methodist clergy over and above both personality and work environment variables. Burnout was meas…
Are Measures of Rigidity Biased against Religiously Committed Individuals: A Question that Still Needs to be Articulated and Answered
This report provides a critique of the target article's premise that measures of rigidity are biased against religiously committed individuals. The report is found to have serious conceptual and methodological problems that undermine its contribution. Conceptually, the paper does not demonstrate that rigidity scales are indeed biased, as that term is used in the field of psychometrics. Methodologically, the paper suffers from multiple weaknesses,…
Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale to the Philippines: Spirituality as a human universal
The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS) has been developed to operationalize spirituality as an intrinsic source of motivation that impels individuals to create a broad sense of personal meaning for their lives. Spiritual Transcendence is nondenominational in nature and hypothesized to underlie the development of religious sentiments. To further support the universal nature of Spiritual Transcendence, the STS was translated into a native Filipino…
Welcome
Psychology (43 works) · Social Psychology (38 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (27 works) · Personality (21 works) · Clinical Psychology (16 works) · Spirituality (16 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Big Five personality traits (12 works) · Epistemology (12 works) · Medicine (12 works)