Nancy E Reichman
Biographic Data
| ID | 89513 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Nancy E Reichman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Nancy E |
| FAMILY NAME | Reichman |
| SIGNATURE | REICHMAN N E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Johnson University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7285-1515 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 83 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 852 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 83 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Could Closing the Gap Close the Risk? The Gender Pay Gap and Women's Sexual Health Outcomes
The United States has one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among high-income countries, with women—particularly young Black women—bearing the greatest burden. Gendered power dynamics are a driver of women’s STI risk, yet most research has focused on couple relationships, rather than the structural gender inequalities that shape power imbalances. This study investigates the extent to which the gender pay gap, a key in…
Physician networks and the rise of elective obstetric interventions
Introducing the Future of Families Third Generation (FFG3) Study
Objective To describe the research design and sample of the Future of Families Third Generation (FFG3) study, which is collecting data on the third generation of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing (FF) study. Background Research on the intergenerational transmission of health and socioeconomic status (SES) has been limited by a paucity of prospective multigenerational studies with infant health in two generations. Method The FFG3 study is…
Impaired Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in Childhood and Economic Outcomes in Adulthood
Developmental disabilities are prevalent among U.S. children, child disability rates have been increasing, and the increases have been driven by cognitive and behavioral disorders. This study estimates the effects of low cognitive test scores and high behavior problem scores in childhood on educational attainment, employment, wages, and access to transportation and credit in adulthood. We assess cognitive and behavior scores at multiple time poin…
Effects of welfare reform on maternal engagement and involvement with young adolescents
ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of welfare reform in the U.S. on positive parenting-related outcomes and potential pathways.BackgroundThe 1996 welfare reform legislation sharply restricted eligibility for benefits with a strong emphasis on employment over cash assistance. The legislation led to dramatic declines in welfare caseloads and increases in employment. Much less is known about the effects of welfare reform on dynamics within…
Municipal social expenditures and maternal health disparities: A study of linked birth and hospitalisation records
BACKGROUND: Local government expenditures provide services and benefits that can affect health but the extent to which they are associated with narrowing or widening of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in health is unknown. We examined race/ethnicity-stratified and education-stratified associations between municipal social expenditures-those on housing, transportation, education, and other society-wide needs-and serious life-threatenin…
Chronic health conditions and adolescents’ social connectedness
This study investigated associations between chronic developmental/behavioral and physical health conditions and social connectedness of adolescents using rich population-based data from a national U.S. birth cohort study. Potentially disabling health conditions were reported by caregivers and categorized by our team as developmental/behavioral or physical. Social connectedness was assessed using a validated scale that measured adolescents' repor…
Neighborhood-level housing affordability and maternal depression
Housing affordability is a growing public health crisis, with lower-income families disproportionately affected. At the individual-level, measures of housing affordability have been linked to maternal mental health, but less is known about how neighborhood-level characteristics influence wellbeing in the perinatal period. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which follows a national cohort of children born between 199…
Effects of Welfare Reform on Positive Health and Social Behaviors of Adolescents
This paper explores a missing link in the literature on welfare reform in the U.S.-the effects on positive health and social behaviors of adolescents, who represent the next generation of potential welfare recipients. Previous research on welfare reform and adolescents has focused almost exclusively on negative behaviors and found that welfare reform led to decreases in high school dropout and teenage fertility among girls, but increases in delin…
Small-for-Gestational-Age and Vocabulary and Achievement Test Scores at Age 9 Among Children Born at Term in a Contemporary U.S. Sample
Early Childcare Precarity and Subsequent Maternal Health
Welfare Reform and the Quality of Young Children's Home Environments
This study investigates the effects of welfare reform—a major policy shift in the United States that increased low-income mothers' employment and reliance on earnings instead of cash assistance—on the quality of the home environments mothers provide for their preschool-age children. Using empirical methods designed to identify plausibly causal effects, we estimate the effects of welfare reform on validated survey and observational measures of mat…
Racialized police use of force and birth outcomes
Generational Shifts in Young Adult Cardiovascular Health? Millennials and Generation X in the United States and England
We expected that Millennial CV risk factors/conditions would be worse than those of Gen X, particularly in the United States, because Millennials came of age during the Great Recession and a period of increasing population obesity. Millennials generally fared worse than their Gen X counterparts in terms of obesity and diabetes risk, especially in the United States, but had lower rates of smoking and high cholesterol in both countries. Secular tre…
Maternal depression and economic well-being: A quasi-experimental approach
Maternal depression is associated with adverse impacts on the health of women and their children. However, further evidence is needed on the extent to which maternal depression influences women's economic well-being and how unmeasured confounders affect estimates of this relationship. In this study, we aimed to measure the association between maternal depression and economic outcomes (income, employment, and material hardship) over a 15-year time…
Effects of Welfare Reform on Household Food Insecurity Across Generations
Age Gradient in Women’s Crime: The Role of Welfare Reform
We investigate how welfare reform in the U.S. in the 1990s shaped the age gradient in women’s property crime arrests. Using Federal Bureau of Investigation data, we investigated the age-patterning of effects of welfare reform on women’s arrests for property crime, the type of crime that welfare reform has been shown to affect. We found that welfare reform reduced women’s property crime arrests by about 4%, with particularly strong effects for wom…
Precarious Claims: The Promise and Failure of Workplace Protections in the United States
The health of biracial children in two-parent families in the United States
Over the past few decades, the United States has experienced a dramatic rise in the number of multiracial individuals. The health of this population is vastly understudied because most population-based health surveys do not adequately identify multiracial
Ethnic enclaves and birth outcomes of immigrants from India in a diverse U.S. state
Infant Health and Future Childhood Adversity
Social media and the doping of sport surveillance
Reviewing literatures from sociology of sport, surveillance, and internet studies, we consider the processes by which social media regulate the behavior of athletes. Nowhere is this more evident than in the current regulation of anti‐doping in elite sport where athletes' social media postings have been highly critical of fellow competitors. As social media becomes increasingly blended into everyday routines, this form of surveillance extends the …
Does Life in the United States Take a Toll on Health? Duration of Residence and Birthweight among Six Decades of Immigrants
We used data from the 1998–2009 waves of the National Health Interview Survey to investigate cohort differences in low birthweight among US-born children of mothers arriving in the United States between 1955 and 2009, cohort-adjusted patterns in low birthweight by maternal duration of residence in the United States, and cohort-adjusted patterns in low birthweight by maternal duration of US residence stratified by age at arrival and region of orig…
Grandparents' Education and Infant Health: Pathways Across Generations
Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing survey linked to respondents' medical records (N = 2,870), this study examines the association between grandparents' education and birth outcomes and explores potential pathways underlying this relationship. Results show that having a grandfather with less than a high school education was associated with a 93 gram reduction in birth weight, a 59% increase in the odds of low birth weight, an…
Adverse Experiences in Early Childhood and Kindergarten Outcomes
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in early childhood and teacher-reported academic and behavioral problems in kindergarten. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national urban birth cohort. Subjects with primary caregiver-reported information on ACE exposures ascertained at 5 years and teacher-reported outcomes at the end of the chil…
Fragile Families: Sample and design
Costs and Benefits of Improving Response Rates for a Hard-to-Reach Population
Cet article se penche sur la question des couts et des avantages des moyens utilises pour reduire les taux de non-reponses aux enquetes. A l'occasion d'une etude longitudinale portant sur les familles en difficulte, comprenant en particulier des peres difficiles a contacter, les AA. suggerent que la collecte d'informations venant en complement des donnees manquantes peut permettre de mieux caracteriser les non-repondants et ainsi de mieux cibler …
Contemporaneous Versus Retrospective Reports of Cohabitation in the Fragile Families Survey
We compare contemporaneous and retrospective reports of cohabitation among unmarried mothers in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing survey (N =2,524). We find that (a) many mothers revise their reports of whether they cohabited at the time of the birth of their child and (b) revisions in reports are systematically related to individuals' characteristics and the quality and trajectory of parents' relationships. These results have important im…
Effects of child health on parents’ relationship status
We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate the effect of a child’s poor health on the presence of the father. We investigated whether parents lived in the same household 12–18 months after the child’s birth and whether their relationships changed along a continuum (married, cohabiting, romantically involved, friends, or not involved) during the same period. We found that within this short period, having a child w…
Sources of Support, Child Care, and Hardship among Unwed Mothers, 1999–2001
Welfare rolls have declined substantially since 1994. However, little is known about the coping strategies that poor mothers use to manage the competing demands of rearing and supporting their children under the new welfare regime. This article uses data from the national Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study to describe the sources of support and child‐care arrangements upon which unwed mothers relied, as well as the difficulties they faced…
Life Shocks and Homelessness
We exploited an exogenous health shock—namely, the birth of a child with a severe health condition—to investigate the effect of a life shock on homelessness in large cities in the United States as well as the interactive effects of the shock with housing market characteristics. We considered a traditional measure of homelessness, two measures of housing instability thought to be precursors to homelessness, and a combined measure that approximates…
Birthweight of children of immigrants by maternal duration of residence in the United States
Tanf Sanctioning and Hardship
This article estimates the effects of being sanctioned, that is, of being subject to a governmental decision to reduce or eliminate welfare benefits, on material hardships and health among mothers on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and their children. Compared to nonsanctioned mothers, those who are sanctioned are at high risk for hunger, homelessness or eviction, utility shutoffs, inadequate medical care, any material hardship, po…
Effects of child health on housing in the urban U.S
This study exploits an exogenous health shock-the birth of a child with a severe health condition that is considered by the medical community to be random-to investigate the effect of that shock on the family's housing situation. We use population-based data from an urban birth cohort study in the U.S. that oversampled non-marital births, resulting in a relatively disadvantaged sample that may be particularly susceptible to the effects of adverse…
The Differential Valuation of Women's Work: A New Look at the Gender Gap in Lawyers' Incomes
This article seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the gender wage gap among new lawyers. Relying on nationally representative data to examine the salaries of lawyers working fulltime in private practice, we find a gender gap of about 5 percent. Identifying four mechanisms—work profiles, opportunity paths and structures, credentials, and legal markets—we first estimate how much of the gap stems from the differential valuation of women's end…
Effects of neighborhood racial composition on birthweight
Maternal depression as a risk factor for children's inadequate housing conditions
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Low Birth Weight in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia
Objectives. To compare associations between socioeconomic status and low birth weight across the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, countries that share cultural features but differ in terms of public support and health care systems. Methods. Using nationally representative data from the United States (n = 8400), the United Kingdom (n = 12 018), Canada (n = 5350), and Australia (n = 3452) from the early 2000s, we calculated…
Mexican American Birthweight and Child Overweight: Unraveling a Possible Early Life Course Health Transition
Mexican American children have a weight distribution that categorizes them as relatively healthy at birth but relatively unhealthy by age 3. This early life course transition in health based on weight raises the question of whether Mexican American children 'outgrow' the epidemiologic paradox of favorable birth outcomes despite social disadvantage or whether their birthweight distribution places them on trajectory for overweight in childhood. We …
New Fathers' Labor Supply: Does Child Health Matter
Objective. We estimate the effect of poor child health on the labor supply of fathers post‐welfare reform, using a national sample of mostly unwed parents and their children—a group at high risk of living in poverty. Method. We control for a rich set of covariates, include state fixed effects, and test for the endogeneity of child health by estimating bivariate probit models. Results. We find that having a young child in poor health reduces the f…
Mental Illness as a Barrier to Marriage Among Unmarried Mothers
This study explores how mental illness shapes transitions to marriage among unwed mothers using augmented data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study (N= 2,351). We estimate proportional hazard models to assess the effects of mental illness on the likelihood of marriage over a 5-year period following a nonmarital birth. Diagnosed mental illness was obtained from the survey respondents' prenatal medical records. We find that mothers w…
Regulating Risky Business: Dilemmas in Security Regulation
This paper examines the dilemma of regulating the complex and highly differentiated stock market. I argue that regulations, with legitimacy needs for status neutrality, serve mostly to protect investors with limited capacity for managing risk on their own. In competitive markets, players with greater capacity for risk management (e.g., access to market intelligence, sizeable reserves to cushion losses and enhanced technologies for risk assessment…
Does Life in the United States Take a Toll on Health? Duration of Residence and Birthweight among Six Decades of Immigrants
We used data from the 1998–2009 waves of the National Health Interview Survey to investigate cohort differences in low birthweight among US-born children of mothers arriving in the United States between 1955 and 2009, cohort-adjusted patterns in low birthweight by maternal duration of residence in the United States, and cohort-adjusted patterns in low birthweight by maternal duration of US residence stratified by age at arrival and region of orig…
Maternal Depression as a Risk Factor for Family Homelessness
Objectives. We estimated the effects of maternal depression during the postpartum year, which is often an unexpected event, on subsequent homelessness and risk of homelessness in a national sample of urban, mostly low-income mothers. Methods. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations between maternal depression during the postpartum year and both homelessness and risk of homelessness 2 to 3 years later, controlling for maternal …
Paternal Age as a Risk Factor for Low Birthweight
Objectives. We examined associations between paternal age and low birth-weight in the US urban population. Methods. Using a population-based sample of 4621 births, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate associations between paternal age and low birthweight, controlling for maternal age, other demographic factors, and the child’s gender. Results. When the child’s gender and the mother’s race/ethnicity, birthplace, parity, marita…
Overlooked and Undervalued: Women in Private Law Practice
This article examines the durability of gender inequality in private law practice since Kay & Gorman published their comprehensive review in the Annual Review of Law and Social Science in 2008. We begin with some of the changes in legal practice that intensified during the Great Recession and help to contextualize women's lack of progress. We turn next to a contemporary profile of women in private practice that demonstrates empirically where wome…
Low Birthweight and Asthma Among Young Urban Children
Objectives. We assessed whether the association between low birthweight and early childhood asthma can be explained by an extensive set of individual- and neighborhood-level measures. Methods. A population-based sample of children born in large US cities during 1998–2000 was followed from birth to age 3 years (N=1803). Associations between low birthweight and asthma diagnosis at age 3 years were estimated using multilevel models. Prenatal medical…
Low birthweight: Do unwed fathers help
Ozone Partnerships, the Construction of Regulatory Communities, and the Future of Global Regulatory Power
This article describes our effort to understand the Montreal Protocol as an unconventional approach to regulation, one that encourages the construction of volunteer partnerships, episodic networks, and regulatory communities comprised of public and private actors criss‐crossing institutional and national boundaries. We examine three provisions of the Protocol that give official governments and private global corporations latitude to create tempor…
The Problem That Is Global Warming: Introduction
Global warming poses significant challenges to society at every level, evading easy definitions that would make the usual instrumental approaches to policymaking and regulation a relatively straightforward task. The embeddedness of the carbon economy in contemporary methods of industrialization and development means that climate protection is at once a problem of environment, the global economy, and human rights. It requires us to understand the …
Routinizing the Discovery of Secrets: Computers as Informants
The Criminal Elite: The Sociology of White-Collar Crime
Computer Matching: Toward Computerized Systems of Regulation
This paper provides an overview of computer matching, one of the new forms of computer‐generated social control. Administrative and legislative developments encouraging the use of this technique are discussed. Trade‐offs between increasing regulatory effectiveness and efficiency, on the one hand, and the rights of individuals on the other are discussed. The paper concludes with a set of policy questions that are likely to inform the process of dr…
Mental Disorder and Legal Control
Beyond Monopoly: Lawyers, State Crises, and Professional Empowerment
How do professional associations build their resources and establish authroity? What are the conditions under which professional expertise can be mobilized for political action? If professional organizations are endowed with a wealth of resources, do they use them responsibly or only for economic monopoly? What is the potential scope of professional action today? In this pathbreaking study of the legal profession, Terence Halliday raises and addr…
Breaking Confidences: Organizational Influences on Insider Trading
This article develops a framework for understanding violations that undermine the fragile foundation of trust in contemporary markets. The recent cases of insider trading on Wall Street are used as
Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness among Working-Class Americans
Ordinary Americans often bring family and neighborhood problems to court, seeking justice or revenge. The litigants in these local squabbles encounter law at its boundaries in the corridors of busy city courthouses, in the offices of court clerks, and in the church parlors used by mediation programs. Justice and Getting Even concerns the legal consciousness of working class Americans and their experiences with court and mediation. Following cases…
Regulating Risky Business: Dilemmas in Security Regulation
This paper examines the dilemma of regulating the complex and highly differentiated stock market. I argue that regulations, with legitimacy needs for status neutrality, serve mostly to protect investors with limited capacity for managing risk on their own. In competitive markets, players with greater capacity for risk management (e.g., access to market intelligence, sizeable reserves to cushion losses and enhanced technologies for risk assessment…
Insider Trading
Insider trading involves the unlawful use of material, nonpublic information. Regulation and the push to innovate in the securities industry create new information demands and changing webs of entitlement and obligation that place many different roles and relationships at risk of abuse and corruption. Transactions are pushed to the limits of norms of practice by combinations of information-driven commodities; complicated networks of transaction-o…
Ozone Partnerships, the Construction of Regulatory Communities, and the Future of Global Regulatory Power
This article describes our effort to understand the Montreal Protocol as an unconventional approach to regulation, one that encourages the construction of volunteer partnerships, episodic networks, and regulatory communities comprised of public and private actors criss‐crossing institutional and national boundaries. We examine three provisions of the Protocol that give official governments and private global corporations latitude to create tempor…
The Uncertain Promise of Law: Lessons from Bhopal
This paper describes the course of the litigation following the Bhopal disaster.It begins with a brief description of the various failures in risk assessment and management that gave rise to the hazardous conditions in Bhopal, and then describes in more detail the resulting legal proceedings.Specifying a number of modest criteria against which the success of the litigation can be measured, the paper examines why traditional tort processes are unl…
Poor Discipline: Parole and the Social Control of the Underclass, 1890-1990
This book reveals how modern strategies of punishment - and, by all accounts, their failure - relate to political and economic transformations in society at large. Jonathan Simon uses the practice of parole in California as a window to the changing historical understanding of what a corrections system does and how it works. When parole first emerged as a corrections strategy in the 19th century, work was supposed to keep ex-prisoners out of troub…
Low birthweight: Do unwed fathers help
Fragile Families: Sample and design
Effects of Psychosocial Risk Factors and Prenatal Interventions on Birth Weight: Evidence From New Jersey's HealthStart Program
Referrals to WIC services should be a key feature of prenatal care programs for poor women
Costs and Benefits of Improving Response Rates for a Hard-to-Reach Population
Cet article se penche sur la question des couts et des avantages des moyens utilises pour reduire les taux de non-reponses aux enquetes. A l'occasion d'une etude longitudinale portant sur les familles en difficulte, comprenant en particulier des peres difficiles a contacter, les AA. suggerent que la collecte d'informations venant en complement des donnees manquantes peut permettre de mieux caracteriser les non-repondants et ainsi de mieux cibler …
Effects of child health on parents’ relationship status
We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate the effect of a child’s poor health on the presence of the father. We investigated whether parents lived in the same household 12–18 months after the child’s birth and whether their relationships changed along a continuum (married, cohabiting, romantically involved, friends, or not involved) during the same period. We found that within this short period, having a child w…
Sources of Support, Child Care, and Hardship among Unwed Mothers, 1999–2001
Welfare rolls have declined substantially since 1994. However, little is known about the coping strategies that poor mothers use to manage the competing demands of rearing and supporting their children under the new welfare regime. This article uses data from the national Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study to describe the sources of support and child‐care arrangements upon which unwed mothers relied, as well as the difficulties they faced…
Timing of Enhanced Prenatal Care and Birth Outcomes in New Jersey’s HealthStart Program
New Fathers' Labor Supply: Does Child Health Matter
Objective. We estimate the effect of poor child health on the labor supply of fathers post‐welfare reform, using a national sample of mostly unwed parents and their children—a group at high risk of living in poverty. Method. We control for a rich set of covariates, include state fixed effects, and test for the endogeneity of child health by estimating bivariate probit models. Results. We find that having a young child in poor health reduces the f…
Tanf Sanctioning and Hardship
This article estimates the effects of being sanctioned, that is, of being subject to a governmental decision to reduce or eliminate welfare benefits, on material hardships and health among mothers on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and their children. Compared to nonsanctioned mothers, those who are sanctioned are at high risk for hunger, homelessness or eviction, utility shutoffs, inadequate medical care, any material hardship, po…
Paternal Age as a Risk Factor for Low Birthweight
Objectives. We examined associations between paternal age and low birth-weight in the US urban population. Methods. Using a population-based sample of 4621 births, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate associations between paternal age and low birthweight, controlling for maternal age, other demographic factors, and the child’s gender. Results. When the child’s gender and the mother’s race/ethnicity, birthplace, parity, marita…
Low Birthweight and Asthma Among Young Urban Children
Objectives. We assessed whether the association between low birthweight and early childhood asthma can be explained by an extensive set of individual- and neighborhood-level measures. Methods. A population-based sample of children born in large US cities during 1998–2000 was followed from birth to age 3 years (N=1803). Associations between low birthweight and asthma diagnosis at age 3 years were estimated using multilevel models. Prenatal medical…
Portraits of the Profession: Two Studies of the Context of Legal Practice
ers distinct pictures of legal profession, both painted in reference to a larger body of work. Urban Lawyers is a still life of the Chicago Bar. Its perspective and composition allows viewers a direct comparison to a similarly composed picture of the Chicago Bar painted 20 years earlier. The Worlds Cause Lawyer Make is more of a collage, the third in a series of paintings created over the last several years, but painted from a new perspective. Th…
Contemporaneous Versus Retrospective Reports of Cohabitation in the Fragile Families Survey
We compare contemporaneous and retrospective reports of cohabitation among unmarried mothers in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing survey (N =2,524). We find that (a) many mothers revise their reports of whether they cohabited at the time of the birth of their child and (b) revisions in reports are systematically related to individuals' characteristics and the quality and trajectory of parents' relationships. These results have important im…
Psychology (43 works) · Medicine (41 works) · Sociology (33 works) · Political science (32 works) · Demography (31 works) · Economics (30 works) · Demography (25 works) · Population (24 works) · Law (20 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (19 works)