Henry D Kalter
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 9018017 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Henry D Kalter |
| NOMBRES | Henry D |
| APELLIDO | Kalter |
| FIRMA | KALTER H D |
| AFILIACIONES | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4165-2393 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 20 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 7 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 20 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Rates and causes of neonatal and under-five mortality
Background: Neonatal and under-five mortality rates are critical indicators of a country's health status and progress toward Sustainable Development Goals. Despite a decline in mortality rates globally, preventable child deaths continue to occur, particularly in Pakistan, which has one of the highest child mortality rates in the world. In this analysis, we present the latest cause-specific neonatal and under-five mortality estimates determined th…
Exploring mortality patterns in Pakistani children and adolescents aged 5–19
Background: While under-five mortality has declined by approximately 50% globally since 2000, mortality among older children and adolescents has fallen by only 31% since 1990. The age group 5-19-year-olds constitute over a third of Pakistan's population, yet estimates of mortality in this population, which are necessary for identifying preventable causes of death and developing interventions to improve health outcomes, have been limited. We aimed…
Understanding stillbirths and maternal deaths in Pakistan
Background: The global impact of stillbirths and maternal deaths is enormous, with over two million deaths occurring each year, affecting public health outcomes and global development practices. Despite Pakistan's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, the country faces a substantial burden of stillbirths and maternal deaths. However, data on cause-specific mortality and the timing of deaths remains limited. In this context, we aimed to…
A verbal and social autopsy study to improve estimates of mortality determinants in Pakistan
Background: Reducing newborn, child, adolescent, and maternal mortality is a global priority, yet Pakistan continues to bear a high burden of preventable deaths. Routine civil registration does not capture causes or social determinants for most of these deaths. The verbal and social autopsy (VASA) methodology fills this gap by combining symptom-based identification of the cause of death with structured assessment of social and care-seeking factor…
Country-specific estimates of misclassification rates of computer-coded verbal autopsy algorithms
INTRODUCTION: Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms are routinely used to determine individual cause of death (COD) and derive population-level estimates of cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs). But frequent COD misclassification leads to biased CSMF estimates. The VA-calibration framework reduces the bias by estimating misclassification rates; but it overlooks systematic patterns and cross-country variation, reducing the accuracy…
Development of an effective illness severity measure and assessment of the impact of perceived illness severity on formal careseeking for fatal illnesses of neonates and infants in six sub-Saharan Afr…
Early careseeking for sick children can make the difference between life and death. Verbal autopsy (VA) studies of the cause of death typically ask about severe symptoms such as seizures and possibly mild or moderate symptoms such as rash, but without examining the relationship between caregivers’ perception of illness severity and appropriate careseeking. Verbal and social autopsy (VASA) is a newer method that builds on VA by also examining soci…
Delays in accessing high-quality care for newborns in East Africa
Background: Despite the existence of evidence-based interventions, substantial progress in reducing neonatal mortality is lagging, indicating that small and sick newborns (SSNs) are likely not receiving the care they require to survive and thrive. The 'three delays model' provides a framework for understanding the challenges in accessing care for SSNs. However, the extent to which each delay impacts access to care for SSNs is not well understood.…
Modified Pathway to Survival highlights importance of rapid access to quality institutional delivery care to decrease neonatal mortality in Serang and Jember districts, Java, Indonesia
Background: Three-quarters of births in Indonesia occur in a health facility, yet the neonatal mortality rate remains high at 15 per 1000 live births. The Pathway to Survival (P-to-S) framework of steps needed to return sick neonates and young children to health focuses on caregiver recognition of and care-seeking for severe illness. In view of increased institutional delivery in Indonesia and other low- and middle-income countries, a modified P-…
Verbal/social autopsy analysis of causes and determinants of under-5 mortality in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016
BACKGROUND: Tanzania has decreased its child mortality rate by more than 70 percent in the last three decades and is striving to develop a nationally-representative sample registration system with verbal autopsy to help focus health policies and programs toward further reduction. As an interim measure, a verbal and social autopsy study was conducted to provide vital information on the causes and social determinants of neonatal and child deaths. M…
How fast did newborns die in Nigeria from 2009-2013
BACKGROUND: The slow decline in neonatal mortality as compared to post-neonatal mortality in Nigeria calls for attention and efforts to reverse this trend. This paper examines how socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral, and contextual factors interact to influence survival time among deceased newborns in Nigeria. METHODS: Using the neonatal deaths data from the 2014 Nigeria Verbal/ Social Autopsy survey, we examined the temporal distribution of over…
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental factors of child mortality in Eastern Region of Cameroon
BACKGROUND: While most child deaths are caused by highly preventable and treatable diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria, several sociodemographic, cultural and health system factors work against children surviving from these diseases. METHODS: A retrospective verbal/social autopsy survey was conducted in 2012 to measure the biological causes and social determinants of under-five years old deaths from 2007 to 2010 in Doume, Nguelemend…
Factors associated with delay in care–seeking for fatal neonatal illness in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh
BACKGROUND: We conducted a social and verbal autopsy study to determine cultural-, social- and health system-related factors that were associated with the delay in formal care seeking in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. METHODS: Verbal and social autopsy interviews were conducted with mothers who experienced a neonatal death between October 2007 and May 2011. We fitted a semi-parametric regression model of the cumulative incidence of seeking formal c…
Verbal/social autopsy study helps explain the lack of decrease in neonatal mortality in Niger, 2007–2010
BACKGROUND: This study was one of a set of verbal/social autopsy (VASA) investigations undertaken by the WHO/UNICEF-supported Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group to estimate the causes and determinants of neonatal and child deaths in high priority countries. The study objective was to help explain the lack of decrease in neonatal mortality in Niger from 2007 to 2010, a period during which child mortality was decreasing. METHODS: VASA interv…
Verbal/Social Autopsy in Niger 2012–2013
Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, recently used for the first time the integrated verbal and social autopsy (VASA) tool to assess the biological causes and social and health system determinants of neonatal and child deaths. These notes summarize the Nigerien experience in the use of this new tool, the steps taken for high level engagement of the Niger government and stakeholders for the wide dissemination of the study results and …
Social determinants of child mortality in Niger
BACKGROUND: Understanding the determinants of preventable deaths of children under the age of five is important for accelerated annual declines - even as countries achieve the UN's Millennium Development Goals and the target date of 2015 has been reached. While research has documented the extent and nature of the overall rapid decline in child mortality in Niger, there is less clear evidence to provide insight into the contributors to such deaths…
Validating hierarchical verbal autopsy expert algorithms in a large data set with known causes of death
BACKGROUND: Physician assessment historically has been the most common method of analyzing verbal autopsy (VA) data. Recently, the World Health Organization endorsed two automated methods, Tariff 2.0 and InterVA-4, which promise greater objectivity and lower cost. A disadvantage of the Tariff method is that it requires a training data set from a prior validation study, while InterVA relies on clinically specified conditional probabilities. We und…
Social autopsy study identifies determinants of neonatal mortality in Doume, Nguelemendouka and Abong–Mbang health districts, Eastern Region of Cameroon
BACKGROUND: Reducing preventable medical causes of neonatal death for faster progress toward the MGD4 will require Cameroon to adequately address the social factors contributing to these deaths. The objective of this paper is to explore the social, behavioral and health systems determinants of newborn death in Doume, Nguelemendouka and Abong-Mbang health districts, in Eastern Region of Cameroon, from 2007-2010. METHODS: Data come from the 2012 Ve…
Direct estimates of national neonatal and child cause–specific mortality proportions in Niger by expert algorithm and physician–coded analysis of verbal autopsy interviews
BACKGROUND: This study was one of a set of verbal autopsy investigations undertaken by the WHO/UNCEF-supported Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) to derive direct estimates of the causes of neonatal and child deaths in high priority countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the study was to determine the cause distributions of neonatal (0-27 days) and child (1-59 months) mortality in Niger. METHODS: Verbal autopsy interview…
Decrease in infant mortality in New York City after 1989
OBJECTIVES: This study identified factors contributing to the rapid decline in infant mortality in New York City from 1989 to 1992. METHODS: Changes in birthweight distributions and in birthweight/age-, cause-, and birthweight/age/cause-specific mortality rates from 1988/89 (before the mortality reduction) to 1990/91 were identified from New York City vital statistics data. RESULTS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality of very-low-birthwe…
The validation of interviews for estimating morbidity
Health interview surveys have been widely used to measure morbidity in developing countries, particularly for infectious diseases. Structured questionnaires using algorithms which derive sign/symptom-based diagnoses seem to be the most reliable but there have been few studies to validate them. The purpose of validation is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of brief algorithms (combinations of signs/symptoms) which can then be used for th…
The validation of interviews for estimating morbidity
Health interview surveys have been widely used to measure morbidity in developing countries, particularly for infectious diseases. Structured questionnaires using algorithms which derive sign/symptom-based diagnoses seem to be the most reliable but there have been few studies to validate them. The purpose of validation is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of brief algorithms (combinations of signs/symptoms) which can then be used for th…
Decrease in infant mortality in New York City after 1989
OBJECTIVES: This study identified factors contributing to the rapid decline in infant mortality in New York City from 1989 to 1992. METHODS: Changes in birthweight distributions and in birthweight/age-, cause-, and birthweight/age/cause-specific mortality rates from 1988/89 (before the mortality reduction) to 1990/91 were identified from New York City vital statistics data. RESULTS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality of very-low-birthwe…
The validation of interviews for estimating morbidity
Health interview surveys have been widely used to measure morbidity in developing countries, particularly for infectious diseases. Structured questionnaires using algorithms which derive sign/symptom-based diagnoses seem to be the most reliable but there have been few studies to validate them. The purpose of validation is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of brief algorithms (combinations of signs/symptoms) which can then be used for th…
Decrease in infant mortality in New York City after 1989
OBJECTIVES: This study identified factors contributing to the rapid decline in infant mortality in New York City from 1989 to 1992. METHODS: Changes in birthweight distributions and in birthweight/age-, cause-, and birthweight/age/cause-specific mortality rates from 1988/89 (before the mortality reduction) to 1990/91 were identified from New York City vital statistics data. RESULTS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality of very-low-birthwe…
Social autopsy study identifies determinants of neonatal mortality in Doume, Nguelemendouka and Abong–Mbang health districts, Eastern Region of Cameroon
BACKGROUND: Reducing preventable medical causes of neonatal death for faster progress toward the MGD4 will require Cameroon to adequately address the social factors contributing to these deaths. The objective of this paper is to explore the social, behavioral and health systems determinants of newborn death in Doume, Nguelemendouka and Abong-Mbang health districts, in Eastern Region of Cameroon, from 2007-2010. METHODS: Data come from the 2012 Ve…
Direct estimates of national neonatal and child cause–specific mortality proportions in Niger by expert algorithm and physician–coded analysis of verbal autopsy interviews
BACKGROUND: This study was one of a set of verbal autopsy investigations undertaken by the WHO/UNCEF-supported Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) to derive direct estimates of the causes of neonatal and child deaths in high priority countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the study was to determine the cause distributions of neonatal (0-27 days) and child (1-59 months) mortality in Niger. METHODS: Verbal autopsy interview…
Factors associated with delay in care–seeking for fatal neonatal illness in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh
BACKGROUND: We conducted a social and verbal autopsy study to determine cultural-, social- and health system-related factors that were associated with the delay in formal care seeking in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. METHODS: Verbal and social autopsy interviews were conducted with mothers who experienced a neonatal death between October 2007 and May 2011. We fitted a semi-parametric regression model of the cumulative incidence of seeking formal c…
Verbal/social autopsy study helps explain the lack of decrease in neonatal mortality in Niger, 2007–2010
BACKGROUND: This study was one of a set of verbal/social autopsy (VASA) investigations undertaken by the WHO/UNICEF-supported Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group to estimate the causes and determinants of neonatal and child deaths in high priority countries. The study objective was to help explain the lack of decrease in neonatal mortality in Niger from 2007 to 2010, a period during which child mortality was decreasing. METHODS: VASA interv…
Verbal/Social Autopsy in Niger 2012–2013
Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, recently used for the first time the integrated verbal and social autopsy (VASA) tool to assess the biological causes and social and health system determinants of neonatal and child deaths. These notes summarize the Nigerien experience in the use of this new tool, the steps taken for high level engagement of the Niger government and stakeholders for the wide dissemination of the study results and …
Social determinants of child mortality in Niger
BACKGROUND: Understanding the determinants of preventable deaths of children under the age of five is important for accelerated annual declines - even as countries achieve the UN's Millennium Development Goals and the target date of 2015 has been reached. While research has documented the extent and nature of the overall rapid decline in child mortality in Niger, there is less clear evidence to provide insight into the contributors to such deaths…
Validating hierarchical verbal autopsy expert algorithms in a large data set with known causes of death
BACKGROUND: Physician assessment historically has been the most common method of analyzing verbal autopsy (VA) data. Recently, the World Health Organization endorsed two automated methods, Tariff 2.0 and InterVA-4, which promise greater objectivity and lower cost. A disadvantage of the Tariff method is that it requires a training data set from a prior validation study, while InterVA relies on clinically specified conditional probabilities. We und…
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental factors of child mortality in Eastern Region of Cameroon
BACKGROUND: While most child deaths are caused by highly preventable and treatable diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria, several sociodemographic, cultural and health system factors work against children surviving from these diseases. METHODS: A retrospective verbal/social autopsy survey was conducted in 2012 to measure the biological causes and social determinants of under-five years old deaths from 2007 to 2010 in Doume, Nguelemend…
How fast did newborns die in Nigeria from 2009-2013
BACKGROUND: The slow decline in neonatal mortality as compared to post-neonatal mortality in Nigeria calls for attention and efforts to reverse this trend. This paper examines how socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral, and contextual factors interact to influence survival time among deceased newborns in Nigeria. METHODS: Using the neonatal deaths data from the 2014 Nigeria Verbal/ Social Autopsy survey, we examined the temporal distribution of over…
Verbal/social autopsy analysis of causes and determinants of under-5 mortality in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016
BACKGROUND: Tanzania has decreased its child mortality rate by more than 70 percent in the last three decades and is striving to develop a nationally-representative sample registration system with verbal autopsy to help focus health policies and programs toward further reduction. As an interim measure, a verbal and social autopsy study was conducted to provide vital information on the causes and social determinants of neonatal and child deaths. M…
Modified Pathway to Survival highlights importance of rapid access to quality institutional delivery care to decrease neonatal mortality in Serang and Jember districts, Java, Indonesia
Background: Three-quarters of births in Indonesia occur in a health facility, yet the neonatal mortality rate remains high at 15 per 1000 live births. The Pathway to Survival (P-to-S) framework of steps needed to return sick neonates and young children to health focuses on caregiver recognition of and care-seeking for severe illness. In view of increased institutional delivery in Indonesia and other low- and middle-income countries, a modified P-…
Delays in accessing high-quality care for newborns in East Africa
Background: Despite the existence of evidence-based interventions, substantial progress in reducing neonatal mortality is lagging, indicating that small and sick newborns (SSNs) are likely not receiving the care they require to survive and thrive. The 'three delays model' provides a framework for understanding the challenges in accessing care for SSNs. However, the extent to which each delay impacts access to care for SSNs is not well understood.…
Rates and causes of neonatal and under-five mortality
Background: Neonatal and under-five mortality rates are critical indicators of a country's health status and progress toward Sustainable Development Goals. Despite a decline in mortality rates globally, preventable child deaths continue to occur, particularly in Pakistan, which has one of the highest child mortality rates in the world. In this analysis, we present the latest cause-specific neonatal and under-five mortality estimates determined th…
Exploring mortality patterns in Pakistani children and adolescents aged 5–19
Background: While under-five mortality has declined by approximately 50% globally since 2000, mortality among older children and adolescents has fallen by only 31% since 1990. The age group 5-19-year-olds constitute over a third of Pakistan's population, yet estimates of mortality in this population, which are necessary for identifying preventable causes of death and developing interventions to improve health outcomes, have been limited. We aimed…
Understanding stillbirths and maternal deaths in Pakistan
Background: The global impact of stillbirths and maternal deaths is enormous, with over two million deaths occurring each year, affecting public health outcomes and global development practices. Despite Pakistan's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, the country faces a substantial burden of stillbirths and maternal deaths. However, data on cause-specific mortality and the timing of deaths remains limited. In this context, we aimed to…
A verbal and social autopsy study to improve estimates of mortality determinants in Pakistan
Background: Reducing newborn, child, adolescent, and maternal mortality is a global priority, yet Pakistan continues to bear a high burden of preventable deaths. Routine civil registration does not capture causes or social determinants for most of these deaths. The verbal and social autopsy (VASA) methodology fills this gap by combining symptom-based identification of the cause of death with structured assessment of social and care-seeking factor…
Country-specific estimates of misclassification rates of computer-coded verbal autopsy algorithms
INTRODUCTION: Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms are routinely used to determine individual cause of death (COD) and derive population-level estimates of cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs). But frequent COD misclassification leads to biased CSMF estimates. The VA-calibration framework reduces the bias by estimating misclassification rates; but it overlooks systematic patterns and cross-country variation, reducing the accuracy…
Development of an effective illness severity measure and assessment of the impact of perceived illness severity on formal careseeking for fatal illnesses of neonates and infants in six sub-Saharan Afr…
Early careseeking for sick children can make the difference between life and death. Verbal autopsy (VA) studies of the cause of death typically ask about severe symptoms such as seizures and possibly mild or moderate symptoms such as rash, but without examining the relationship between caregivers’ perception of illness severity and appropriate careseeking. Verbal and social autopsy (VASA) is a newer method that builds on VA by also examining soci…
Global Maternal and Child Health (18 obras) · Verbal autopsy (15 obras) · Cause of death (14 obras) · Medicine (14 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras) · Autopsy (11 obras) · Population (11 obras) · Demography (10 obras) · Disease (9 obras) · Pediatrics (9 obras)