Andrew D Kerkhoff
Biographic Data
| ID | 9063715 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrew D Kerkhoff |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrew D |
| FAMILY NAME | Kerkhoff |
| SIGNATURE | KERKHOFF A D |
| AFFILIATIONS | San Francisco General Hospital |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5023-6658 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 9 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Frontline healthcare worker barriers impacting tuberculosis service demand and access in high burden settings
Background: Extensive literature exists on health-seeking behaviour and barriers related to the uptake of tuberculosis (TB)-related services in high TB burden settings. However, prior reviews have focused on patient- and health facility/systems-level barriers to TB-related care. In this scoping review, we aimed to synthesise frontline healthcare worker (FLHCW)-related barriers that limit individuals' demand for, access to, and retention in TB ser…
Predicted choice and acceptability of regimens for tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV in Uganda – A discrete choice experiment
Little is known about people living with HIV’s preferences for different tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) regimens, or the conditions under which they would accept treatment. Actionable evidence regarding preference for TPT is needed to inform policy and the development of novel TPT regimens. Adults engaged in care at an HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda, completed a discrete choice experiment survey with nine random choice tasks. In each task…
Designing community-based strategies to reach non-household contacts of people with tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia
Background: In high-burden settings, most tuberculosis (TB) transmission likely occurs outside the home. Our qualitative study in Zambia explored the acceptability and preferences for designing TB active case finding (ACF) strategies to reach non-household contacts of people with TB. Methods: = 12) of community venue types identified as potential TB transmission locations. Interviews explored TB attitudes and beliefs, and perceptions toward two A…
Preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing in the context of TB care
BACKGROUND: The development of non-sputum-based tests is an urgent priority to increase access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic testing. Understanding preferences of people undergoing testing is critical for designing tests and strategies aligned with their needs. METHODS: We conducted a survey and best-worst scaling (BWS) exercise to determine relative preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing among people (≥13 years) with pre…
Fighting tuberculosis hand in hand
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease closely intertwined with stigma, discrimination, and the social determinants of health. Communities of people affected by TB are experts in their care pathways, but the TB field continues to fall short of meaningfully engaging communities in TB research. This is a missed opportunity to improve the quality, relevance, person-centeredness, positive impact, and sustainability of TB research outputs. We ackn…
Prioritizing countries for TB vaccine readiness research using a global stakeholder-centric approach
The promise of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates prompts the need for research on vaccine demand and health system readiness to help ensure effective and equitable vaccine deployment. We developed an approach to prioritizing countries for TB vaccine readiness research by combining stakeholder preferences, elicited through best-worst scaling (BWS) with an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) framework. We conducted a self-administered electro…
The accuracy of point-of-care C-Reactive Protein as a screening test for tuberculosis in children
Systematic screening for TB in children, especially among those at high risk of TB, can promote early diagnosis and treatment of TB. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended C-Reactive Protein as a TB screening tool in adults and adolescents living with HIV (PLHIV). Thus, we aimed to assess the performance of point-of-care (POC) CRP as a screening tool for TB in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 primary health c…
Mapping the existing body of knowledge on new and repurposed TB vaccine implementation
There is global consensus on the urgent need for a safe and effective TB vaccine for adults and adolescents to improve global TB control, and encouragingly, several promising candidates have advanced to late-stage trials. Significant gaps remain in understanding the critical factors that will facilitate the successful implementation of new and repurposed TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), once available. By synthesizing the …
Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa
In the Lake Victoria region of East Africa, little is known about delays between tuberculosis (TB) symptom onset and presentation at a clinic. Associations between clinic presentation delay and TB treatment outcomes are also poorly understood. In 2019, we abstracted data from routine TB treatment records for all adults (n = 776) initiating TB treatment in a 6-month period across 12 health facilities near Lake Victoria. We interviewed 301 cohort m…
Mortality among persons receiving tuberculosis treatment in Itezhi-Tezhi District of Zambia
Itezhi-Tezhi District in southern Zambia has been reporting tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates that are fourfold higher than the national average of six percent. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to establish the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with mortality among persons under treatment for TB in Itezhi-Tezhi District, as well as the likely causes and time to death. We reviewed medical records for persons with TB regi…
Adaptation and pre-test of a shortened Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention focused on HIV for young men in rural South Africa
Men’s engagement in HIV prevention and treatment is suboptimal, including in South Africa. We sought to address this through adapting an evidence-based intervention, Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SSCF), to strengthen its HIV content and provide a more scalable (shorter) intervention in rural South Africa. We then conducted a mixed methods pre-test of the intervention among young men aged 18–35 years. To adapt SSCF, we reviewed the current…
A mixed methods study on men’s and women’s tuberculosis care journeys in Lusaka, Zambia—Implications for gender-tailored tuberculosis health promotion and case finding strategies
Men and women with undiagnosed tuberculosis (TB) in high burden countries may have differential factors influencing their healthcare seeking behaviors and access to TB services, which can result in delayed diagnoses and increase TB-related morbidity and mortality. A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods study design was used to explore and evaluate TB care engagement among adults (≥18 years) with newly diagnosed, microbiologically-confirmed TB atte…
Mitigating the effects of Covid-19 on HIV treatment and care in Lusaka, Zambia
INTRODUCTION: The Zambian Ministry of Health (MoH) issued COVID-19 mitigation guidance for HIV care immediately after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Zambia on 18 March 2020. The Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia implemented MoH guidance by: 1) extending antiretroviral therapy (ART) refill duration to 6 multi-month dispensation (6MMD) and 2) task-shifting communication and mobilisation of those in HIV care to collect their…
Community-based management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Nepal—Designing and implementing a training program for Female Community Health Volunteers
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Female community health volunteers (FCHVs) have proven effective in the delivery of reproductive, maternal, and child health services in Nepal and recently in the prevention and management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Evidence on their roles in COPD management is not yet available. The aim of this study was to develop, implement,…
High sensitivity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults in South Africa
Background There are limited data on the performance characteristics of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults. Methods Comprehensive thoracic and focused abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed by trained radiologists and pul…
Evaluation of kidney function among people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Zambia
As the response to the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa continues to mature, a growing number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are aging and risk for non-communicable diseases increases. Routine laboratory tests of serum creatinine have been conducted to assess HIV treatment (ART) suitability. Here we utilize those measures to assess kidney function impairment among those initiating ART. Identification of non-communicable disease (NCD) risks a…
Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents living with HIV in the era of isoniazid preventive therapy as part of HIV care
High levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are essential to promoting viral suppression and consequential good treatment outcomes. Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are less adherent to ART compared to adults, leading to lower rates of viral suppression and immunological recovery. We conducted a mixed-method study utilizing a convergent parallel approach to explore factors associated with ART adherence among …
Community-based referral for tuberculosis preventive therapy is effective for treatment completion
Expansion of tuberculous preventive therapy (TPT) is essential to curb TB incidence and mortality among people with HIV (PWH), yet implementation has been slow. Innovative strategies to operationalize TPT are urgently needed. Here we present an evaluation of community-based identification and referral of PWH on completion of a six-month course of isoniazid in a highly prevalent region in rural South Africa. Using a community-based TB/HIV intensiv…
Tuberculosis care quality in urban Nigeria
Nigeria has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and low case detection rates. Nigeria’s large private health sector footprint represents an untapped resource for combating the disease. To examine the quality of private sector contributions to TB, the USAID-funded Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus program evaluated adherence to national standards for management of presumptive and confirmed TB among the clinical faci…
Evaluating novel engagement mechanisms, yields and acceptability of tuberculosis screening at retail pharmacies in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Pharmacies represent a key health system entry point for people with TB in Viet Nam, but high fragmentation hinders their broader engagement. Professional networking apps may be able to facilitate pharmacy engagement for systematic TB screening and referral. Between September and December 2019, we piloted the use of a social networking app, SwipeRx, to recruit pharmacists for a TB referral scheme across four districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Na…
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Mitigating the effects of Covid-19 on HIV treatment and care in Lusaka, Zambia
INTRODUCTION: The Zambian Ministry of Health (MoH) issued COVID-19 mitigation guidance for HIV care immediately after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Zambia on 18 March 2020. The Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia implemented MoH guidance by: 1) extending antiretroviral therapy (ART) refill duration to 6 multi-month dispensation (6MMD) and 2) task-shifting communication and mobilisation of those in HIV care to collect their…
Community-based management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Nepal—Designing and implementing a training program for Female Community Health Volunteers
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Female community health volunteers (FCHVs) have proven effective in the delivery of reproductive, maternal, and child health services in Nepal and recently in the prevention and management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Evidence on their roles in COPD management is not yet available. The aim of this study was to develop, implement,…
High sensitivity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults in South Africa
Background There are limited data on the performance characteristics of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults. Methods Comprehensive thoracic and focused abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed by trained radiologists and pul…
Evaluation of kidney function among people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Zambia
As the response to the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa continues to mature, a growing number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are aging and risk for non-communicable diseases increases. Routine laboratory tests of serum creatinine have been conducted to assess HIV treatment (ART) suitability. Here we utilize those measures to assess kidney function impairment among those initiating ART. Identification of non-communicable disease (NCD) risks a…
Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents living with HIV in the era of isoniazid preventive therapy as part of HIV care
High levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are essential to promoting viral suppression and consequential good treatment outcomes. Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are less adherent to ART compared to adults, leading to lower rates of viral suppression and immunological recovery. We conducted a mixed-method study utilizing a convergent parallel approach to explore factors associated with ART adherence among …
Community-based referral for tuberculosis preventive therapy is effective for treatment completion
Expansion of tuberculous preventive therapy (TPT) is essential to curb TB incidence and mortality among people with HIV (PWH), yet implementation has been slow. Innovative strategies to operationalize TPT are urgently needed. Here we present an evaluation of community-based identification and referral of PWH on completion of a six-month course of isoniazid in a highly prevalent region in rural South Africa. Using a community-based TB/HIV intensiv…
Tuberculosis care quality in urban Nigeria
Nigeria has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and low case detection rates. Nigeria’s large private health sector footprint represents an untapped resource for combating the disease. To examine the quality of private sector contributions to TB, the USAID-funded Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus program evaluated adherence to national standards for management of presumptive and confirmed TB among the clinical faci…
Evaluating novel engagement mechanisms, yields and acceptability of tuberculosis screening at retail pharmacies in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Pharmacies represent a key health system entry point for people with TB in Viet Nam, but high fragmentation hinders their broader engagement. Professional networking apps may be able to facilitate pharmacy engagement for systematic TB screening and referral. Between September and December 2019, we piloted the use of a social networking app, SwipeRx, to recruit pharmacists for a TB referral scheme across four districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Na…
Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa
In the Lake Victoria region of East Africa, little is known about delays between tuberculosis (TB) symptom onset and presentation at a clinic. Associations between clinic presentation delay and TB treatment outcomes are also poorly understood. In 2019, we abstracted data from routine TB treatment records for all adults (n = 776) initiating TB treatment in a 6-month period across 12 health facilities near Lake Victoria. We interviewed 301 cohort m…
Mortality among persons receiving tuberculosis treatment in Itezhi-Tezhi District of Zambia
Itezhi-Tezhi District in southern Zambia has been reporting tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates that are fourfold higher than the national average of six percent. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to establish the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with mortality among persons under treatment for TB in Itezhi-Tezhi District, as well as the likely causes and time to death. We reviewed medical records for persons with TB regi…
Adaptation and pre-test of a shortened Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention focused on HIV for young men in rural South Africa
Men’s engagement in HIV prevention and treatment is suboptimal, including in South Africa. We sought to address this through adapting an evidence-based intervention, Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SSCF), to strengthen its HIV content and provide a more scalable (shorter) intervention in rural South Africa. We then conducted a mixed methods pre-test of the intervention among young men aged 18–35 years. To adapt SSCF, we reviewed the current…
A mixed methods study on men’s and women’s tuberculosis care journeys in Lusaka, Zambia—Implications for gender-tailored tuberculosis health promotion and case finding strategies
Men and women with undiagnosed tuberculosis (TB) in high burden countries may have differential factors influencing their healthcare seeking behaviors and access to TB services, which can result in delayed diagnoses and increase TB-related morbidity and mortality. A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods study design was used to explore and evaluate TB care engagement among adults (≥18 years) with newly diagnosed, microbiologically-confirmed TB atte…
The accuracy of point-of-care C-Reactive Protein as a screening test for tuberculosis in children
Systematic screening for TB in children, especially among those at high risk of TB, can promote early diagnosis and treatment of TB. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended C-Reactive Protein as a TB screening tool in adults and adolescents living with HIV (PLHIV). Thus, we aimed to assess the performance of point-of-care (POC) CRP as a screening tool for TB in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 primary health c…
Mapping the existing body of knowledge on new and repurposed TB vaccine implementation
There is global consensus on the urgent need for a safe and effective TB vaccine for adults and adolescents to improve global TB control, and encouragingly, several promising candidates have advanced to late-stage trials. Significant gaps remain in understanding the critical factors that will facilitate the successful implementation of new and repurposed TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), once available. By synthesizing the …
Designing community-based strategies to reach non-household contacts of people with tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia
Background: In high-burden settings, most tuberculosis (TB) transmission likely occurs outside the home. Our qualitative study in Zambia explored the acceptability and preferences for designing TB active case finding (ACF) strategies to reach non-household contacts of people with TB. Methods: = 12) of community venue types identified as potential TB transmission locations. Interviews explored TB attitudes and beliefs, and perceptions toward two A…
Preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing in the context of TB care
BACKGROUND: The development of non-sputum-based tests is an urgent priority to increase access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic testing. Understanding preferences of people undergoing testing is critical for designing tests and strategies aligned with their needs. METHODS: We conducted a survey and best-worst scaling (BWS) exercise to determine relative preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing among people (≥13 years) with pre…
Fighting tuberculosis hand in hand
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease closely intertwined with stigma, discrimination, and the social determinants of health. Communities of people affected by TB are experts in their care pathways, but the TB field continues to fall short of meaningfully engaging communities in TB research. This is a missed opportunity to improve the quality, relevance, person-centeredness, positive impact, and sustainability of TB research outputs. We ackn…
Prioritizing countries for TB vaccine readiness research using a global stakeholder-centric approach
The promise of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates prompts the need for research on vaccine demand and health system readiness to help ensure effective and equitable vaccine deployment. We developed an approach to prioritizing countries for TB vaccine readiness research by combining stakeholder preferences, elicited through best-worst scaling (BWS) with an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) framework. We conducted a self-administered electro…
Frontline healthcare worker barriers impacting tuberculosis service demand and access in high burden settings
Background: Extensive literature exists on health-seeking behaviour and barriers related to the uptake of tuberculosis (TB)-related services in high TB burden settings. However, prior reviews have focused on patient- and health facility/systems-level barriers to TB-related care. In this scoping review, we aimed to synthesise frontline healthcare worker (FLHCW)-related barriers that limit individuals' demand for, access to, and retention in TB ser…
Predicted choice and acceptability of regimens for tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV in Uganda – A discrete choice experiment
Little is known about people living with HIV’s preferences for different tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) regimens, or the conditions under which they would accept treatment. Actionable evidence regarding preference for TPT is needed to inform policy and the development of novel TPT regimens. Adults engaged in care at an HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda, completed a discrete choice experiment survey with nine random choice tasks. In each task…
Medicine (17 works) · Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology (14 works) · Tuberculosis (11 works) · Environmental health (10 works) · Family medicine (10 works) · Internal Medicine (10 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (7 works) · Nursing (7 works) · Population (6 works) · Public health (6 works)