Javier H Eslava-Schmalbach
Biographic Data
| ID | 9065305 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Javier H Eslava-Schmalbach |
| GIVEN NAMES | Javier H |
| FAMILY NAME | Eslava-Schmalbach |
| SIGNATURE | ESLAVA-SCHMALBACH J H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 1 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 20 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Assessing the impact of Covid-19 on access to family planning and HIV services among women in Lilongwe, Malawi
Following its declaration as a pandemic, COVID-19 spread extensively, affecting millions globally. Concerns emerged that it could have a detrimental impact on sexual and reproductive health services. Specifically, these worries centred on the potential disruption of family planning and HIV-related care. We conducted a mixed methods study to understand the impact of the pandemic and its associated measures on access to FP and HIV services among wo…
Post-surgical scar management and rehabilitation in burn patients: Insights from Gaza’s challenging context - A retrospective descriptive study
Burn injuries represent a challenge in the Gaza Strip, where access to rehabilitation services is constrained by ongoing conflict and limited healthcare resources. This study describes the implementation and outcomes of rehabilitation and physiotherapy services for patients with post-surgical skin grafts (SSG) scars treated in Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) outpatient clinics in Gaza. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using routinely…
Deaths due to malnutrition in children under five in Colombia, 2015–2023: A spatiotemporal analysis
Introduction In Colombia, child mortality due to malnutrition persists as a public health problem that has not been comprehensively analyzed over the past decade. Objective To provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal behavior of mortality due to malnutrition in children under 5 years of age (CU5) in Colombia at the national and subnational levels disaggregated by sex and age group from 2015 to 2023. Methodology An ecological study w…
Changes in the prevalence, causes of visual impairment, and cataract service coverage in Karamoja, Uganda, between 2015 and 2023: Findings from two cross-sectional surveys
Two rapid assessments of avoidable blindness (RAAB) surveys were conducted in the Karamoja subregion, Uganda, in 2015 and 2023. This paper reports the observed changes in prevalence, causes of visual impairment and coverage of cataract services and examines how the trends differ for males and females. Standard RAAB methodology was used in both studies. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to generate random samples of adults aged over 50 years. Pa…
Factors influencing the utilisation of anti-HBs titre testing services among nursing students in Northwest Ghana: A cross-sectional study
Understanding the impact of hepatitis B testing, vaccination, the number of vaccine doses, and socio-demographics on post-vaccination anti-HBs titre testing, is essential for hepatitis B prevention. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B testing, hepatitis B vaccination, number of vaccine doses received, socio-demographic characteristics, and their impact on anti-HBs titre testing among nursing students in Northwest G…
Global report on Covid-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities: Results from secondary analyses of Special Olympics’ program planning
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with intellectual disabilities worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify global rates of COVID-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) associated with country economic income levels. The Special Olympics COVID-19 online survey was administered in January-February 2022 to adults with ID from 138 countries. Descriptive anal…
The impact of access to financial services on mitigating Covid-19 mortality globally
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected different social and demographic groups, deepening the negative health implications of social and economic inequalities and highlighting the importance of social determinants of health. Despite a deep literature on pandemic-related disparities, specifically regarding social determinants and health outcomes, the influence of the accessibility of financial services on health outcomes during COVI…
Cohort study of the mortality among patients in New York City with tuberculosis and Covid-19, March 2020 to June 2022
Both tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 can affect the respiratory system, and early findings suggest co-occurrence of these infectious diseases can result in elevated mortality. A retrospective cohort of patients who were diagnosed with TB and COVID-19 concurrently (within 120 days) between March 2020 and June 2022 in New York City (NYC) was identified. This cohort was compared with a cohort of patients diagnosed with TB-alone during the same period…
Provider-led community antiretroviral therapy distribution in Malawi: Retrospective cohort study of retention, viral load suppression and costs
Background Outcomes of community antiretroviral therapy (ART) distribution (CAD), in which provider–led ART teams deliver integrated HIV services at health posts in communities, have been mixed in sub-Saharan African countries. CAD outcomes and costs relative to facility-based care have not been reported from Malawi. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in two Malawian districts (Lilongwe and Chikwawa districts), comparing CAD with f…
Physiotherapy and associated factors affecting mouth opening changes in noma patients during initial hospitalization at an MSF-supported hospital in Northwest Nigeria—A retrospective cohort study
Noma is a rapidly progressing infection of the oral cavity, which can cause the disintegration of the cheek, nose and eye, in under a week. One of the most disabling sequelae is trismus, the restriction of mouth opening, which results in difficulties in speech, mastication, social feeding habits and maintenance of oral hygiene. Restriction of mouth opening among noma patients mostly begins during the transition between World Health Organisation (…
Influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality rates among global Indigenous populations; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background More than 50 million influenza infections and over 100,000 deaths from influenza occur annually. While Indigenous populations experience an inequitable influenza burden, the magnitude of this inequity has not previously been estimated on a global scale. This study compared rates of influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations globally. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis…
Assessing the knowledge and practices of primary healthcare workers on malaria diagnosis and related challenges in view of Covid-19 outbreak in a Nigerian Southwestern metropolis
The clinical features of COVID-19 and malaria are interrelated. Due to the similarity of symptoms between the two disease states, patients can be incorrectly diagnosed with the other ailment in areas with limited health resources. There is a dearth of knowledge of co-infection between COVID-19 and malaria from healthcare providers’ perspective. Hence, this study assessed the ability of primary healthcare workers to diagnose malaria infection corr…
Pathways to effective surgical coverage in a lower-middle-income country: A multiple methods study of the family physician-led generalist surgical team in rural Nepal
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a m…
Measuring the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic at a city level: An agent-based computational modelling study of the City of Natal
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic hit almost all cities in Brazil in early 2020 and lasted for several months. Despite the effort of local state and municipal governments, an inhomogeneous nationwide response resulted in a death toll amongst the highest recorded globally. To evaluate the impact of the nonpharmaceutical governmental interventions applied by different cities—such as the closure of schools and…
Identifying priority challenges and solutions for Covid-19 vaccine delivery in low- and middle-income countries: A modified Delphi study
Background The rapid implementation of global COVID-19 vaccination programs has surfaced many challenges and inequities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there continues to be a lack of consensus on which challenges are global priorities for action, and how to best respond to them. This study uses consensus-based methods to identify and rank the most important challenges and solutions for implementation of COVID-…
Joint External Evaluation scores and communicable disease deaths: An ecological study on the difference between epidemics and pandemics
The Joint External Evaluation (JEE) assesses national capacities to implement the International Health Regulations (IHR). Previous studies have found that higher JEE scores are associated with fewer communicable disease deaths. But given the impact of COVID-19 in many countries, including those believed to have developed IHR capacities, the validity of the JEE for pandemic preparedness has been questioned. We constructed univariable and multivari…
Population and sub-national (district) level diversity in missed and dropout of different doses of hepatitis-B vaccine among Indian children aged 12–59 months
Initiating with a birth dose and a full immunization against hepatitis-B is crucial during early childhood in a country like India where maternal screening of hepatitis-B surface antigen is almost negligible and there is a considerable risk of vertical transmission among children. It is also evident that coverage of hepatitis-B is lowest among all other vaccine doses included in the universal immunization program. In addition, the major challenge…
County-level societal predictors of Covid-19 cases and deaths changed through time in the United States: A longitudinal ecological study
People of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, demographics, health, and socioeconomic characteristics have experienced disproportionate rates of infection and death due to COVID-19. This study tests if and how county-level rates of infection and death have changed in relation to societal county characteristics through time as the pandemic progressed. This longitudinal study sampled monthly county-level COVID-19 case and death data per 100,000 re…
Impacts of tuberculosis services strengthening and the Covid-19 pandemic on case detection and treatment outcomes in Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia: 2014–2021
Indonesia is a high-burden tuberculosis (TB) country with a wide case detection gap, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to review the epidemiology of TB in a high-endemic setting of Indonesia before and during the implementation of health system strengthening activities for TB, including during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analysed TB program data from Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia from 2014 to 2021. Health sys…
Too many yet too few caesarean section deliveries in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys data
Caesarean section (CS) use is rising rapidly in Bangladesh, though lack of CS use remains common among disadvantage women. This increases risks of long-term obstetric complications as well as maternal and child deaths among disadvantage women. We aimed to determine the interaction effects of women’s disadvantage characteristics on CS use in Bangladesh. For this we have analysed a t otal of 27,093 women’s data extracted from five rounds of Banglad…
The translation and validation of the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being Instrument in China
To translate the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being instrument (OTSWI) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. A total of 259 patients with organ transplants were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang, from November 2020 to January 2021. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability were assessed using test-retest reli…
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Measuring the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic at a city level: An agent-based computational modelling study of the City of Natal
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic hit almost all cities in Brazil in early 2020 and lasted for several months. Despite the effort of local state and municipal governments, an inhomogeneous nationwide response resulted in a death toll amongst the highest recorded globally. To evaluate the impact of the nonpharmaceutical governmental interventions applied by different cities—such as the closure of schools and…
Identifying priority challenges and solutions for Covid-19 vaccine delivery in low- and middle-income countries: A modified Delphi study
Background The rapid implementation of global COVID-19 vaccination programs has surfaced many challenges and inequities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there continues to be a lack of consensus on which challenges are global priorities for action, and how to best respond to them. This study uses consensus-based methods to identify and rank the most important challenges and solutions for implementation of COVID-…
Joint External Evaluation scores and communicable disease deaths: An ecological study on the difference between epidemics and pandemics
The Joint External Evaluation (JEE) assesses national capacities to implement the International Health Regulations (IHR). Previous studies have found that higher JEE scores are associated with fewer communicable disease deaths. But given the impact of COVID-19 in many countries, including those believed to have developed IHR capacities, the validity of the JEE for pandemic preparedness has been questioned. We constructed univariable and multivari…
Population and sub-national (district) level diversity in missed and dropout of different doses of hepatitis-B vaccine among Indian children aged 12–59 months
Initiating with a birth dose and a full immunization against hepatitis-B is crucial during early childhood in a country like India where maternal screening of hepatitis-B surface antigen is almost negligible and there is a considerable risk of vertical transmission among children. It is also evident that coverage of hepatitis-B is lowest among all other vaccine doses included in the universal immunization program. In addition, the major challenge…
County-level societal predictors of Covid-19 cases and deaths changed through time in the United States: A longitudinal ecological study
People of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, demographics, health, and socioeconomic characteristics have experienced disproportionate rates of infection and death due to COVID-19. This study tests if and how county-level rates of infection and death have changed in relation to societal county characteristics through time as the pandemic progressed. This longitudinal study sampled monthly county-level COVID-19 case and death data per 100,000 re…
Impacts of tuberculosis services strengthening and the Covid-19 pandemic on case detection and treatment outcomes in Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia: 2014–2021
Indonesia is a high-burden tuberculosis (TB) country with a wide case detection gap, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to review the epidemiology of TB in a high-endemic setting of Indonesia before and during the implementation of health system strengthening activities for TB, including during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analysed TB program data from Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia from 2014 to 2021. Health sys…
Too many yet too few caesarean section deliveries in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys data
Caesarean section (CS) use is rising rapidly in Bangladesh, though lack of CS use remains common among disadvantage women. This increases risks of long-term obstetric complications as well as maternal and child deaths among disadvantage women. We aimed to determine the interaction effects of women’s disadvantage characteristics on CS use in Bangladesh. For this we have analysed a t otal of 27,093 women’s data extracted from five rounds of Banglad…
The translation and validation of the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being Instrument in China
To translate the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being instrument (OTSWI) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. A total of 259 patients with organ transplants were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang, from November 2020 to January 2021. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability were assessed using test-retest reli…
Global report on Covid-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities: Results from secondary analyses of Special Olympics’ program planning
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with intellectual disabilities worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify global rates of COVID-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) associated with country economic income levels. The Special Olympics COVID-19 online survey was administered in January-February 2022 to adults with ID from 138 countries. Descriptive anal…
The impact of access to financial services on mitigating Covid-19 mortality globally
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected different social and demographic groups, deepening the negative health implications of social and economic inequalities and highlighting the importance of social determinants of health. Despite a deep literature on pandemic-related disparities, specifically regarding social determinants and health outcomes, the influence of the accessibility of financial services on health outcomes during COVI…
Cohort study of the mortality among patients in New York City with tuberculosis and Covid-19, March 2020 to June 2022
Both tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 can affect the respiratory system, and early findings suggest co-occurrence of these infectious diseases can result in elevated mortality. A retrospective cohort of patients who were diagnosed with TB and COVID-19 concurrently (within 120 days) between March 2020 and June 2022 in New York City (NYC) was identified. This cohort was compared with a cohort of patients diagnosed with TB-alone during the same period…
Provider-led community antiretroviral therapy distribution in Malawi: Retrospective cohort study of retention, viral load suppression and costs
Background Outcomes of community antiretroviral therapy (ART) distribution (CAD), in which provider–led ART teams deliver integrated HIV services at health posts in communities, have been mixed in sub-Saharan African countries. CAD outcomes and costs relative to facility-based care have not been reported from Malawi. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in two Malawian districts (Lilongwe and Chikwawa districts), comparing CAD with f…
Physiotherapy and associated factors affecting mouth opening changes in noma patients during initial hospitalization at an MSF-supported hospital in Northwest Nigeria—A retrospective cohort study
Noma is a rapidly progressing infection of the oral cavity, which can cause the disintegration of the cheek, nose and eye, in under a week. One of the most disabling sequelae is trismus, the restriction of mouth opening, which results in difficulties in speech, mastication, social feeding habits and maintenance of oral hygiene. Restriction of mouth opening among noma patients mostly begins during the transition between World Health Organisation (…
Influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality rates among global Indigenous populations; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background More than 50 million influenza infections and over 100,000 deaths from influenza occur annually. While Indigenous populations experience an inequitable influenza burden, the magnitude of this inequity has not previously been estimated on a global scale. This study compared rates of influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations globally. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis…
Assessing the knowledge and practices of primary healthcare workers on malaria diagnosis and related challenges in view of Covid-19 outbreak in a Nigerian Southwestern metropolis
The clinical features of COVID-19 and malaria are interrelated. Due to the similarity of symptoms between the two disease states, patients can be incorrectly diagnosed with the other ailment in areas with limited health resources. There is a dearth of knowledge of co-infection between COVID-19 and malaria from healthcare providers’ perspective. Hence, this study assessed the ability of primary healthcare workers to diagnose malaria infection corr…
Pathways to effective surgical coverage in a lower-middle-income country: A multiple methods study of the family physician-led generalist surgical team in rural Nepal
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a m…
Factors influencing the utilisation of anti-HBs titre testing services among nursing students in Northwest Ghana: A cross-sectional study
Understanding the impact of hepatitis B testing, vaccination, the number of vaccine doses, and socio-demographics on post-vaccination anti-HBs titre testing, is essential for hepatitis B prevention. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B testing, hepatitis B vaccination, number of vaccine doses received, socio-demographic characteristics, and their impact on anti-HBs titre testing among nursing students in Northwest G…
Assessing the impact of Covid-19 on access to family planning and HIV services among women in Lilongwe, Malawi
Following its declaration as a pandemic, COVID-19 spread extensively, affecting millions globally. Concerns emerged that it could have a detrimental impact on sexual and reproductive health services. Specifically, these worries centred on the potential disruption of family planning and HIV-related care. We conducted a mixed methods study to understand the impact of the pandemic and its associated measures on access to FP and HIV services among wo…
Post-surgical scar management and rehabilitation in burn patients: Insights from Gaza’s challenging context - A retrospective descriptive study
Burn injuries represent a challenge in the Gaza Strip, where access to rehabilitation services is constrained by ongoing conflict and limited healthcare resources. This study describes the implementation and outcomes of rehabilitation and physiotherapy services for patients with post-surgical skin grafts (SSG) scars treated in Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) outpatient clinics in Gaza. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using routinely…
Deaths due to malnutrition in children under five in Colombia, 2015–2023: A spatiotemporal analysis
Introduction In Colombia, child mortality due to malnutrition persists as a public health problem that has not been comprehensively analyzed over the past decade. Objective To provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal behavior of mortality due to malnutrition in children under 5 years of age (CU5) in Colombia at the national and subnational levels disaggregated by sex and age group from 2015 to 2023. Methodology An ecological study w…
Changes in the prevalence, causes of visual impairment, and cataract service coverage in Karamoja, Uganda, between 2015 and 2023: Findings from two cross-sectional surveys
Two rapid assessments of avoidable blindness (RAAB) surveys were conducted in the Karamoja subregion, Uganda, in 2015 and 2023. This paper reports the observed changes in prevalence, causes of visual impairment and coverage of cataract services and examines how the trends differ for males and females. Standard RAAB methodology was used in both studies. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to generate random samples of adults aged over 50 years. Pa…
Medicine (16 works) · Environmental health (7 works) · Demography (6 works) · Internal Medicine (6 works) · Pandemic (6 works) · Geography (5 works) · Nursing (5 works) · Population (5 works) · Disease (4 works) · Family medicine (4 works)