J B Deręgowski
Biographic Data
| ID | 90927 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J B Deręgowski |
| GIVEN NAMES | J B |
| FAMILY NAME | Deręgowski |
| SIGNATURE | DERĘGOWSKI J B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Aberdeen |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8384-1099 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Gustav Jahoda: A Life
Art without borders: A philosophical exploration of art and humanity - By Ben-Ami Scharfstein
Sex Differences in Spatial Visualization of Kuwaiti School Children
Current published data on sex differences in spatial perception is inconclusive. In particular, there are no convincing data on the spatial visualization skills of young children; consequently, it is thought that such differences may be absent. This study was conducted to investigate sex differences in spatial visualization in a sample of Kuwaiti school children. Two hundred and thirty-five pupils (109 boys and 126 girls) aged from 5 to 9 years p…
The role of left‐right symmetry in the encodement of spatial orientations
Three experiments investigated a hypothesis, suggested by studies of the difficulties of discriminating between shapes forming symmetrical pairs, that spatial orientations of thin flat plates (lamellae) may be encoded in a plane, the encodement consisting of two enantiomorphs. The results indicated that participants encoded the spatial orientation of lamellar stimuli in terms of the difference in cogency between their two enantiomorphic elements …
Sex differences on Bartel's task: An investigation into perception of real and depicted distances
A new method derived from Bartel's (1958) studies was used to investigate sex differences in spatial perception. Battel employed two related tasks; one of these tasks called for responses to a pictorial stimulus representing spatial arrangement in perspective and the other for responses to an analogous task presented in three dimensions. Modified forms of both these tasks were used. Consistent differences between men and women were found, the men…
Stroop phenomenon as a measure of cognitive functioning of bilingual (Gaelic/English) subjects
An object-word Stroop-based task was performed by 40 bilingual Gaelic/English subjects. Intra-lingual interference occurred with both languages, but inter-lingual interference occurred only with English labelling and Gaelic responses. This was interpreted as a result of the reading of English words being more automatic than the reading of Gaelic, despite Gaelic being the subjects' preferred spoken language
Perceptual impulsions and unfamiliar solids: Evidence from a drawing task
Previous work (Dziurawiec & Derȩgowski, 1992) has shown that children's distorted drawings of animal models may be explained by the child's tendency to depict typical contours, the outlines of the surfaces which undergo pronounced change. The present paper investigates whether the typical contours notion can be extended to purely geometric solids. Results from a drawing task by children aged nine and eleven years, using unfamiliar models of varyi…
From Brightness to Hue: An Explanatory Model of Color-Category Evolution [and Comments and Reply]
Seeing the impossible and building the likely
Young & Derȩgowski (1981) state that the reason for some subjects' failure to perceive ‘impossible’ figures as confusing is probably that they do not integrate the stimuli, even though they see elements of the figures as depicting spatial arrangements. This suggests that such subjects should also tend to build distorted models of geometrical structures. This hypothesis was tested in the course of the present experiment. The results support the hy…
Distortion in Art: The Eye and the Mind
Illusions, Patterns and Pictures: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Cross-Cultural Psychology: An Eclectic and Idiosyncratic View
The paper argues that cross-cultural psychology is not a discipline within the broad field of psychology but an approach to the subject. It describes briefly some of the applications of this approach to the studies of perception and traces the effects and possible effects of these on psychology in general and on further crosscultural works. Although applications of psychology are recognized as important, the paper is primarily concerned with theo…
Immediate Recall: Its Structure in Three Different Language Communities
The results are reported of two experiments which show that immediate recall of word lists is accomplished by a complex process in which a few words register immediately in what we have called residual memory. These are normally words which indicate a "change of state" of the input (in particular they may mark the beginning or end of lists) and they are recalled either alone or as the beginning or end points of short forward or backward sequences…
Art in Primitive Societies
Wire Toys in Africa South of the Sahara
Black children of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and in some of the neighbouring countries are keen makers of toys constructed from a variety of materials, mainly from either clay or iron wire. The former is the traditional material and is used for moulding, for example, figurines of cattle, humans and household utensils. The latter, which became available during recent decades, poses special problems to makers of toys that I shall discuss below. The essent…
The Semiology of Orientation in Urban Space [and Comments and Reply]
According to the author, a semiology of orientation is not an examination of urbanism aimed at exposing the links between the "structure" ofhe city under discussion and the professional, economic, social, and cultural activities of its population. Nor is it a sociological study of urban space which examines how the city organizes, perceives, imposes, or inhibits its functions and social relations. It is even less a psychological or psychosociolog…
Experienced and Inexperienced Model Makers: Model-Making and -Drawing in Rhodesia
Samples of Rhodesian rural and urban schoolboys who make wire toys were compared with a sample of urban schoolgirls who do not make such toys. No significant differences in the ability to abstract the essential features of simple geometric models were observed when the children were asked to make such models of wire, although girls appeared to be less dextrous. On a drawing task, on the other hand, the rural sample performed less well than the ur…
Perception of simple figures: Implicit‐shape constancy and mental rotation
Adults were shown simple figures either drawn on their own or on a face of a depicted cube. Under each of these conditions they were required to find identical figures in an array of stimuli of either the first or the second type. The response chosen determined the next stimulus used, the figures in both being identical. Four chains of 10 responses were thus obtained. Comparison of the choices reveals that the set consisting of ‘plain’ responses …
Industrialization, Perceptual and Cognitive Skills, and Culture: Introductory Comment
Perceptual Constraints on Choosing a Pictorial Station Point
Image, Object and Illusion: Readings from Scientific American
On Seeing a Picture for the First Time
Polyphasic Pictorial Perception: Failure to Confirm the Effect of Language
This study tests a hypothesis arising from the authors' previous work, that writing picture-interpretation stories in a second language makes subjects more stimulus-bound and therefore more likely to fragment in time the events occurring in the picture (polyphasic perception). Rhodesian upper primary-school children responded to the same pictures in either English or Shona. No relationship between language medium and stimulus-binding, or between …
Culture and Thought: A Psychological Introduction
Implicit‐shape Constancy as a Factor in Pictorial Perception
Schoolboys from the Ivory Coast and from Kenya were tested on a simple task intended to detect the effect of implicit‐shape constancy. The presence of such an effect was confirmed. Comparison of two Ivorean subsamples differing in their responses to a request to build a model of a depicted structure showed that those subjects who built flat (2D) models were less influenced by the implicit‐shape constancy than those subjects who built three‐dimens…
From Brightness to Hue: An Explanatory Model of Color-Category Evolution [and Comments and Reply]
Difficulties in Pictorial Depth Perception in Africa
Hudson's Pictorial Perception test and a construction test, in which subjects were asked to construct geometrical models shown on pictures, were administered to Central African schoolboys and domestic servants. It was found that a significant proportion of subjects who were judged to be two-dimensional perceivers on Hudson's test built three-dimensional models; the validity of Littlejohn's and Du Toit's explanation is therefore questioned. The mo…
Reproduction of Orientation of Kohs-type Figures: A Cross-cultural Study
Adults and children from Zambia as well as children from Iceland were used to evaluate hypotheses that rotation of reproduced patterns in a Kohs-like task is not random but is such as to increase the 'stability' of the model and its symmetry about the median plane, and that the symmetry is of secondary importance to stability. The data obtained confirmed the difficulties which some African populations encounter when dealing with this type of task…
The Semiology of Orientation in Urban Space [and Comments and Reply]
According to the author, a semiology of orientation is not an examination of urbanism aimed at exposing the links between the "structure" ofhe city under discussion and the professional, economic, social, and cultural activities of its population. Nor is it a sociological study of urban space which examines how the city organizes, perceives, imposes, or inhibits its functions and social relations. It is even less a psychological or psychosociolog…
On Seeing a Picture for the First Time
The author examines scanty evidence available at the present about perceptions of a person seeing a picture for the first time. He suggests that the phenomenon can probably be described satisfactorily in terms of hypothesis testing and that the responses evoked in populations living in relatively pictureless environments by simple pictures are probably of the same kind as those evoked in the more pictorially sophisticated groups by complex pictur…
The Role of Symmetry in Pattern Reproduction by Zambian Children
Twenty-four Zambian schoolchildren (mean age 11. 8) were required to reconstruct simple geometrical dot patterns which were exposed for as long as the Ss desired, but the reproduction of which could only begin ten seconds after the Ss' inspection. As many inspec tion periods as the Ss felt necessary were allowed. Five types of stimuli were used: symmetrical about the vertical axis, symmetrical about the horizontal axis, vertically repeated, horiz…
Gustav Jahoda: A Life
Stroop phenomenon as a measure of cognitive functioning of bilingual (Gaelic/English) subjects
An object-word Stroop-based task was performed by 40 bilingual Gaelic/English subjects. Intra-lingual interference occurred with both languages, but inter-lingual interference occurred only with English labelling and Gaelic responses. This was interpreted as a result of the reading of English words being more automatic than the reading of Gaelic, despite Gaelic being the subjects' preferred spoken language
Coding and Drawing of Simple Geometric Stimuli by Bukusu Schoolchildren in Kenya
Bukusu schoolboys were asked to draw a cube and a tetrahedron, the stimulus being either in a form of a skeleton solid or its picture. Two response conditions were used: in one, subjects drew the drawing with model present; in the other, they drew after it had been removed from sight. No significant difference was observed between the responses made to the model, whether from recall or with model present. This finding also applied to drawings of …
Effects of Symmetry Upon Reproduction of Kohs-type Figures: An African Study
Four experiments were conducted to investigate the role of symmetry of stimuli upon responses of relatively unsophisticated subjects performing a Kohs-type task. The results suggest that the subjects had a tendency to build symmetrical responses to both symmetrical and asymmetrical stimuli, but that this tendency could be changed by altering the stimuli in such a way that their nature, as described in terms of information theory, remained constan…
Pictorial Art in Zambia
Difficulties in Pictorial Depth Perception in Africa
Hudson's Pictorial Perception test and a construction test, in which subjects were asked to construct geometrical models shown on pictures, were administered to Central African schoolboys and domestic servants. It was found that a significant proportion of subjects who were judged to be two-dimensional perceivers on Hudson's test built three-dimensional models; the validity of Littlejohn's and Du Toit's explanation is therefore questioned. The mo…
Pictorial Art in Zambia
Reproduction of Orientation of Kohs-type Figures: A Cross-cultural Study
Adults and children from Zambia as well as children from Iceland were used to evaluate hypotheses that rotation of reproduced patterns in a Kohs-like task is not random but is such as to increase the 'stability' of the model and its symmetry about the median plane, and that the symmetry is of secondary importance to stability. The data obtained confirmed the difficulties which some African populations encounter when dealing with this type of task…
The Role of Symmetry in Pattern Reproduction by Zambian Children
Twenty-four Zambian schoolchildren (mean age 11. 8) were required to reconstruct simple geometrical dot patterns which were exposed for as long as the Ss desired, but the reproduction of which could only begin ten seconds after the Ss' inspection. As many inspec tion periods as the Ss felt necessary were allowed. Five types of stimuli were used: symmetrical about the vertical axis, symmetrical about the horizontal axis, vertically repeated, horiz…
An Analysis of "Polyphasic Pictorial Perception"
African (Rhodesian and Zambian) and Western (Canadian) subjects were asked to describe simple pictures in order to assess their tendency to interpret pictures as representing a sequence of events, and the extent to which such tendency is fostered by background cues and arrangement of figures. The samples tested showed that such a tendency was more common in the African sample. The results also suggest that it is probably erroneous to describe the…
Rejoinder to Mr. Mubitana
Effects of Symmetry Upon Reproduction of Kohs-type Figures: An African Study
Four experiments were conducted to investigate the role of symmetry of stimuli upon responses of relatively unsophisticated subjects performing a Kohs-type task. The results suggest that the subjects had a tendency to build symmetrical responses to both symmetrical and asymmetrical stimuli, but that this tendency could be changed by altering the stimuli in such a way that their nature, as described in terms of information theory, remained constan…
Polyphasic Pictorial Perception: Failure to Confirm the Effect of Language
This study tests a hypothesis arising from the authors' previous work, that writing picture-interpretation stories in a second language makes subjects more stimulus-bound and therefore more likely to fragment in time the events occurring in the picture (polyphasic perception). Rhodesian upper primary-school children responded to the same pictures in either English or Shona. No relationship between language medium and stimulus-binding, or between …
Culture and Thought: A Psychological Introduction
Implicit‐shape Constancy as a Factor in Pictorial Perception
Schoolboys from the Ivory Coast and from Kenya were tested on a simple task intended to detect the effect of implicit‐shape constancy. The presence of such an effect was confirmed. Comparison of two Ivorean subsamples differing in their responses to a request to build a model of a depicted structure showed that those subjects who built flat (2D) models were less influenced by the implicit‐shape constancy than those subjects who built three‐dimens…
Kinderspiele der Bantu
On Seeing a Picture for the First Time
The author examines scanty evidence available at the present about perceptions of a person seeing a picture for the first time. He suggests that the phenomenon can probably be described satisfactorily in terms of hypothesis testing and that the responses evoked in populations living in relatively pictureless environments by simple pictures are probably of the same kind as those evoked in the more pictorially sophisticated groups by complex pictur…
Coding and Drawing of Simple Geometric Stimuli by Bukusu Schoolchildren in Kenya
Bukusu schoolboys were asked to draw a cube and a tetrahedron, the stimulus being either in a form of a skeleton solid or its picture. Two response conditions were used: in one, subjects drew the drawing with model present; in the other, they drew after it had been removed from sight. No significant difference was observed between the responses made to the model, whether from recall or with model present. This finding also applied to drawings of …
Image, Object and Illusion: Readings from Scientific American
On Seeing a Picture for the First Time
Perceptual Constraints on Choosing a Pictorial Station Point
Perception of simple figures: Implicit‐shape constancy and mental rotation
Adults were shown simple figures either drawn on their own or on a face of a depicted cube. Under each of these conditions they were required to find identical figures in an array of stimuli of either the first or the second type. The response chosen determined the next stimulus used, the figures in both being identical. Four chains of 10 responses were thus obtained. Comparison of the choices reveals that the set consisting of ‘plain’ responses …
Industrialization, Perceptual and Cognitive Skills, and Culture: Introductory Comment
Art in Primitive Societies
Wire Toys in Africa South of the Sahara
Black children of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and in some of the neighbouring countries are keen makers of toys constructed from a variety of materials, mainly from either clay or iron wire. The former is the traditional material and is used for moulding, for example, figurines of cattle, humans and household utensils. The latter, which became available during recent decades, poses special problems to makers of toys that I shall discuss below. The essent…
The Semiology of Orientation in Urban Space [and Comments and Reply]
According to the author, a semiology of orientation is not an examination of urbanism aimed at exposing the links between the "structure" ofhe city under discussion and the professional, economic, social, and cultural activities of its population. Nor is it a sociological study of urban space which examines how the city organizes, perceives, imposes, or inhibits its functions and social relations. It is even less a psychological or psychosociolog…
Experienced and Inexperienced Model Makers: Model-Making and -Drawing in Rhodesia
Samples of Rhodesian rural and urban schoolboys who make wire toys were compared with a sample of urban schoolgirls who do not make such toys. No significant differences in the ability to abstract the essential features of simple geometric models were observed when the children were asked to make such models of wire, although girls appeared to be less dextrous. On a drawing task, on the other hand, the rural sample performed less well than the ur…
Cross-Cultural Psychology: An Eclectic and Idiosyncratic View
The paper argues that cross-cultural psychology is not a discipline within the broad field of psychology but an approach to the subject. It describes briefly some of the applications of this approach to the studies of perception and traces the effects and possible effects of these on psychology in general and on further crosscultural works. Although applications of psychology are recognized as important, the paper is primarily concerned with theo…
Immediate Recall: Its Structure in Three Different Language Communities
The results are reported of two experiments which show that immediate recall of word lists is accomplished by a complex process in which a few words register immediately in what we have called residual memory. These are normally words which indicate a "change of state" of the input (in particular they may mark the beginning or end of lists) and they are recalled either alone or as the beginning or end points of short forward or backward sequences…
Illusions, Patterns and Pictures: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Psychology (25 works) · Cognitive psychology (16 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Art (11 works) · Perception (11 works) · Spatial Cognition and Navigation (9 works) · Neuroscience (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Visual perception and processing mechanisms (8 works) · Geometry (7 works)