Russell H Tuttle
Biographic Data
| ID | 91170 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Russell H Tuttle |
| GIVEN NAMES | Russell H |
| FAMILY NAME | Tuttle |
| SIGNATURE | TUTTLE R H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Chicago |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 421 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Body mass estimation from footprint size in hominins
W ashburn, S herwood (1911–2000)
Sherwood Washburn was the twentieth century's preeminent North American physical anthropologist and leading proponent of a biological anthropology free of typology and biological determinism. He was foremost a promoter of ideas, who championed the application of scientific knowledge to purge the world of destructive discrimination based on folk beliefs about race and constitution, and of naive applications of poorly processed genetic information.…
D arwin, C harles, Influence on Anthropology of
Charles Darwin provided a materialistic scientific alternative to belief(s) that human beings and other organisms are the products of creation or design by celestial being(s). His researches on organisms other than humans serve as models of what one can learn via careful observation, controlled comparisons, and experimentation. Personal ethnographic observations and biased methods that formed his opinions of the relative intellectual capacities o…
Apes and Human Evolution
Socioecology and Psychology of Primates
Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology
Report on the International Journal of Primatology 2003-2008
Taphonomy and paleoecological context of the Upper Laetolil Beds (Localities 8 and 9), Laetoli in northern Tanzania
Paleoanthropology Read in Tooth and Nail
On Culture and Traditional Chimpanzees
Obituaries
Global Primatology in a New Millennium
Swift and sure-footed on the Savanna: A study of Hadzabe gaits and feet in Northern Tanzania
Data on footprints and gait of 54 Hadzabe, 6-70 years of age expand understanding of pedal morphology of unshod people and assist the development of ideas about the evolution of hominid bipedality and upright posture. Contrary to published data on gaits and pedal morphology of unshod populations, Hadzabe (also known as Hadza) from northern Tanzania exhibit values of stride length, relative stride length, and walking speeds that exceed those of ru…
Pendular activity of human upper limbs during slow and normal walking
When walking at normal and fast speeds, humans swing their upper limbs in alternation, each upper limb swinging in phase with the contralateral lower limb. However, at slow and very slow speeds, the upper limbs swing forward and back in unison, at twice the stride frequency of the lower limbs. The change from “single swinging” (in alternation) to “double swinging” (in unison) occurs consistently at a certain stride frequency for agiven individual…
Electromyography of pronators and supinators in great apes
We obtained electromyographic recordings from the supinator, biceps brachii, pronator quadratus, and pronator teres muscles of a chimpanzee and a gorilla and from the supinator, pronator quadratus, and biceps brachii muscles of an orangutan as they stood and walked quadrupedally on horizontal and inclined surfaces, engaged in suspensory behavior, reached overhead, and manipulated a variety of foods and artifacts. In Pan troglodytes and Pangorilla…
Laetoli toes andAustralopithecus afarensis
Further progress on the Laetoli trails
The hipbone and Nomina Anatomica
What's New in African Paleoanthropology
Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
Biological Anthropology: Major Topics in Primate and Human Evolution . Bernard Wood, Lawrence Martin , and Peter Andrews , eds
Biological Anthropology: Footprints: Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation . Louise M. Rabbins
The Making of Mankind. 1982. A series of seven films
Leakey. 1983. Produced by the National Geographic Society‐ 23 minutes, color
Electromyography of brachial muscles in Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus
Electromyographic recordings were taken from all heads of the triceps brachii and biceps brachii muscles and from the anconeus, brachialis, and brachioradialis muscles in a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood still and walked quadrupedally on horizontal and inclined surfaces, engaged in suspensory behavior, reached overhead, and manipulated a variety of foods and artifacts. Like the gorilla (Tuttle and Basmajian, 1974a), the chimpanzee and …
Evolution of hominid bipedalism and prehensile capabilities
In this paper, I present an updated version of the hylobatian model for the proximate ancestors of the Hominidae. The hylobatians are hypothesized to have been relatively small creatures that were especially adapted for vertical climbing on tree trunks and vines and for bipedalism on horizontal boughs. They were no more disposed toward suspensory behaviours than are modern chimpanzees and bonobos. According to this evolutionary scenario, bipedali…
Knuckle‐walking and the evolution of hominoid hands
Knuckle‐walking is a pattern of digitigrade locomotion unique to African apes among Primates. Only chimpanzees and gorillas are specially adapted for supporting weight on the dorsal aspects of middle phalanges of flexed hand digits II–V. When forced to the ground, most orangutans assume one of a variety of flexed hand postures, but they cannot knuckle‐walk. Some orangutans place their hands in palmigrade postures which are impossible to African a…
Paleoanthropology; Morphology and Paleoecology
Darwin's Apes, Dental Apes, and the Descent of Man: Normal Science in Evolutionary Anthropology
This paper sketches successive refinements, optional renderings, and disclaimers of the ape model of hominid evolution from its initial statement by Darwin, Huxley, and Haeckel until 1973. I suggest that of the four principal ape models that have been advanced-brachiating troglodytian; brachiating, bipedal hylobatian; knuckle-walking, brachiating troglodytian; and pristine ground ape-the hylobatian model of Morton is the most convincing. Thus, fu…
Electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles. II. Deltoid, rhomboid and “rotator cuff”
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were taken of action potentials in the deltoid, rhomboid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles of pongid apes as they spontaneously elevated their arms and engaged in suspensory activity on a trapeze. During brachial elevation, activities of pongid deltoid, rhomboid, supra‐spinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles basically resemble those of human subjects. The intermediat…
Electromyography of brachial muscles in Pan gorilla and hominoid evolution
Electromyographic studies on brachial muscles in a gorilla indicate that its elbow joint may be especially adapted for knuckle‐walking and suspensory behavior. A close‐packed positioning mechanism that minimizes muscular effort during full extension of the elbow joint is indicated by remarkably low levels of EMG in the brachial muscles, particularly during knuckle‐walking and suspensory behavior on a trapeze. Extension of the elbow joint is facil…
Activities of pongid thigh muscles during bipedal behavior
Electromyographic recordings were taken from 12 thigh muscles (or major parts of them) in a gorilla, from 6 thigh muscles in a chimpanzee, and from 2 thigh muscles in an orangutan as they engaged in bipedal positional behavior, including stance, reaching overhead, lunging, leaping and walking. In the African apes, symmetric bipedal stances with hindlimb flexure were accompanied by notable EMG activity in many of the hamstring, quadriceps, and add…
Further progress on the Laetoli trails
Electromyography of knuckle‐walking: Results of four experiments on the forearm of Pan gorilla
Preliminary results of electromyographic (EMG) studies on the forearm of a gorilla provisionally support the hypothesis that special closepacked positioning mechanisms may characterize the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints II–V in extant knuckle‐walkers (chimpanzees and gorillas). We recommend that once the bony features, related to these close‐packed positions are clearly identified, they may be employed strategically to discern evidence of a…
What's New in African Paleoanthropology
Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
Laetoli toes andAustralopithecus afarensis
Electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles. III. Quadrupedal positional behavior
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were taken from 14 shoulder muscles (or major parts of them) in a gorilla, a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood quadrupedally and tripedally, descended from elevated substrates, crutch‐walked, and progressed quadrupedally on inclined and level substrates. In the African apes, low potentials commonly (but not always) occurred in the sternocostal pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, supraspinatus and subscap…
Genetic and selective factors in reduction of the hallux in Pongo pygmaeus
Extreme reduction of the hallux is unique to the orang‐utan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) among Primates. Hallucal diminution has advanced so far that 60% of orang‐utans lack both distal phalanges and nails. Absence of these structures occurs significantly more often in females than in males. Hypotheses on possible genetic control of the condition have been tested and indicate that either single gene inheritance or polygenic inheritance with variable expres…
On Culture and Traditional Chimpanzees
Electromyography of brachial muscles in Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus
Electromyographic recordings were taken from all heads of the triceps brachii and biceps brachii muscles and from the anconeus, brachialis, and brachioradialis muscles in a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood still and walked quadrupedally on horizontal and inclined surfaces, engaged in suspensory behavior, reached overhead, and manipulated a variety of foods and artifacts. Like the gorilla (Tuttle and Basmajian, 1974a), the chimpanzee and …
Electromyography of pronators and supinators in great apes
We obtained electromyographic recordings from the supinator, biceps brachii, pronator quadratus, and pronator teres muscles of a chimpanzee and a gorilla and from the supinator, pronator quadratus, and biceps brachii muscles of an orangutan as they stood and walked quadrupedally on horizontal and inclined surfaces, engaged in suspensory behavior, reached overhead, and manipulated a variety of foods and artifacts. In Pan troglodytes and Pangorilla…
Body mass estimation from footprint size in hominins
Paleoanthropology: Morphology and Paleoecology
Obituaries
Biological Anthropology: Major Topics in Primate and Human Evolution . Bernard Wood, Lawrence Martin , and Peter Andrews , eds
The hipbone and Nomina Anatomica
Report on the International Journal of Primatology 2003-2008
Paleoanthropology Read in Tooth and Nail
Global Primatology in a New Millennium
Biological Anthropology: Footprints: Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation . Louise M. Rabbins
Primate Functional Morphology and Evolution
Genetic and selective factors in reduction of the hallux in Pongo pygmaeus
Extreme reduction of the hallux is unique to the orang‐utan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) among Primates. Hallucal diminution has advanced so far that 60% of orang‐utans lack both distal phalanges and nails. Absence of these structures occurs significantly more often in females than in males. Hypotheses on possible genetic control of the condition have been tested and indicate that either single gene inheritance or polygenic inheritance with variable expres…
Knuckle‐walking and the evolution of hominoid hands
Knuckle‐walking is a pattern of digitigrade locomotion unique to African apes among Primates. Only chimpanzees and gorillas are specially adapted for supporting weight on the dorsal aspects of middle phalanges of flexed hand digits II–V. When forced to the ground, most orangutans assume one of a variety of flexed hand postures, but they cannot knuckle‐walk. Some orangutans place their hands in palmigrade postures which are impossible to African a…
The Deer and the Tiger. G eorge B. S challer
The Territorial Imperative: A Personal Inquiry into the Animal Origins of Property and Nations. Robert Ardrey
Quantitative and functional studies on the hands of the anthropoidea. I. The Hominoidea
The hands of the Hominoidea evidence four adaptive modes which distinguish the lesse apes (Hylobatidae), the orangutan ( Pongo ), the African apes ( Pan ), and man ( Homo ) from one another. The hands of the apes consist of compromises between manipulatory and locomotor functions because selection has operated for precision of grip as well as for special locomotor mechanisms. The human hand is almost totally devoted to manipulation. The hands of …
Knuckle-Walking and the Problem of Human Origins: Studies on the hands of great apes and man lead to reevaluation of theories on hominoid evolution.
Physical Anthropology: The Baboon in Medical Research: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Baboon and Its Use as an Experimental Animal. Harold Vagtborg, The Baboon in Medical Rese…
Physical Anthropology: The Squirrel Monkey. L eonard A. R osenblum and R obert W. C ooper , eds
Physical Anthropology: The Life of Primates. A dolph H. S chultz
Electromyography of knuckle‐walking: Results of four experiments on the forearm of Pan gorilla
Preliminary results of electromyographic (EMG) studies on the forearm of a gorilla provisionally support the hypothesis that special closepacked positioning mechanisms may characterize the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints II–V in extant knuckle‐walkers (chimpanzees and gorillas). We recommend that once the bony features, related to these close‐packed positions are clearly identified, they may be employed strategically to discern evidence of a…
Specialized Studies. Primate Locomotion and Manipulation
Book reviewed in this article: Pan troglodytes (Pongidae). Walking on All Fours. Chimpanzee. By P. LEYHAUSEN Pan troglodytes (Pongidae). Walking Upright. Chimpanzee. By P. LEYHAUSEN Homo sapiens (Hominidae). Walking I (boy, aged 11 months). By H. F. R. PRECHTL Homo sapiens (Hominidae). Walking II (girl, aged 12 months). By H. F. R. PRECHTL Pan troglodytes (Pongidae). Walking on All Fours II. Chimpanzee. By P. LEYHAUSEN Gorilla gorilla (Pongidae).…
The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates
Electromyography of brachial muscles in Pan gorilla and hominoid evolution
Electromyographic studies on brachial muscles in a gorilla indicate that its elbow joint may be especially adapted for knuckle‐walking and suspensory behavior. A close‐packed positioning mechanism that minimizes muscular effort during full extension of the elbow joint is indicated by remarkably low levels of EMG in the brachial muscles, particularly during knuckle‐walking and suspensory behavior on a trapeze. Extension of the elbow joint is facil…
Darwin's Apes, Dental Apes, and the Descent of Man: Normal Science in Evolutionary Anthropology
This paper sketches successive refinements, optional renderings, and disclaimers of the ape model of hominid evolution from its initial statement by Darwin, Huxley, and Haeckel until 1973. I suggest that of the four principal ape models that have been advanced-brachiating troglodytian; brachiating, bipedal hylobatian; knuckle-walking, brachiating troglodytian; and pristine ground ape-the hylobatian model of Morton is the most convincing. Thus, fu…
Paleoanthropology: Morphology and Paleoecology
Knuckling behavior in captive orangutans and a wounded baboon
With this communication we hope to clarify the usage of behavioral information from apparently non‐pathological orangutans and a pathological baboon to elucidate problems of hominoid locomotor evolution, particularly the problem of knuckle‐walking. We suggest that Hausfater's ('75) report on “knuckle walking” in the wounded baboon “Dutch” is at best marginally relevant to the problem of hominoid knuckle‐walking because Dutch is a pathological sub…
Paleoanthropology; Morphology and Paleoecology
Primate Functional Morphology and Evolution
Electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles. III. Quadrupedal positional behavior
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were taken from 14 shoulder muscles (or major parts of them) in a gorilla, a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood quadrupedally and tripedally, descended from elevated substrates, crutch‐walked, and progressed quadrupedally on inclined and level substrates. In the African apes, low potentials commonly (but not always) occurred in the sternocostal pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, supraspinatus and subscap…
Electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles. II. Deltoid, rhomboid and “rotator cuff”
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were taken of action potentials in the deltoid, rhomboid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles of pongid apes as they spontaneously elevated their arms and engaged in suspensory activity on a trapeze. During brachial elevation, activities of pongid deltoid, rhomboid, supra‐spinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles basically resemble those of human subjects. The intermediat…
Activities of pongid thigh muscles during bipedal behavior
Electromyographic recordings were taken from 12 thigh muscles (or major parts of them) in a gorilla, from 6 thigh muscles in a chimpanzee, and from 2 thigh muscles in an orangutan as they engaged in bipedal positional behavior, including stance, reaching overhead, lunging, leaping and walking. In the African apes, symmetric bipedal stances with hindlimb flexure were accompanied by notable EMG activity in many of the hamstring, quadriceps, and add…
Evolution of hominid bipedalism and prehensile capabilities
In this paper, I present an updated version of the hylobatian model for the proximate ancestors of the Hominidae. The hylobatians are hypothesized to have been relatively small creatures that were especially adapted for vertical climbing on tree trunks and vines and for bipedalism on horizontal boughs. They were no more disposed toward suspensory behaviours than are modern chimpanzees and bonobos. According to this evolutionary scenario, bipedali…
Electromyography of brachial muscles in Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus
Electromyographic recordings were taken from all heads of the triceps brachii and biceps brachii muscles and from the anconeus, brachialis, and brachioradialis muscles in a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood still and walked quadrupedally on horizontal and inclined surfaces, engaged in suspensory behavior, reached overhead, and manipulated a variety of foods and artifacts. Like the gorilla (Tuttle and Basmajian, 1974a), the chimpanzee and …
The Making of Mankind. 1982. A series of seven films
Leakey. 1983. Produced by the National Geographic Society‐ 23 minutes, color
Primate Behavior and Ecology (26 works) · Biology (23 works) · Anatomy (15 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · History (14 works) · Zoology (14 works) · Anatomy (11 works) · History (11 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (11 works) · Anthropology (10 works)