Merle Buchholz
Biographic Data
| ID | 913604 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Merle Buchholz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Merle |
| FAMILY NAME | Buchholz |
| SIGNATURE | BUCHHOLZ M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1224-0541 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 16 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Divergence of economic opportunity in average places: Pathways to growth
Research on urban-regional development tends to focus on city-regions with extreme economic outcomes (e.g., superstar cities, ‘left-behind’ places), with less attention paid to more normal, ‘average’ places. In this paper, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate conditions supporting significant growth in small and mid-sized U.S. urban regions that had average income levels in 1993 (our average places). We identify the in…
Subsidiary networks, connectivity, and urban-regional economic development
This paper argues that urban-regional income development depends on a larger fabric of economic relations at the national and international levels. Focusing on Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) in the US, the paper identifies firms’ subsidiary networks across space and their changes over time. These networks form a basic architecture through which important growth impulses in production and innovation are transmitted that impact urban income l…
The nature, causes, and consequences of inter-regional inequality
Social scientists and policymakers alike have become increasingly concerned with understanding the nature, causes, and consequences of inter-regional inequality in economic living conditions. Contemporary spatial inequality is multi-faceted—it varies depending on how we define inequality, the scale at which it is measured, and which groups in the labor force are considered. Increasing economic inequality has important implications for broader soc…
Taking Back Control: Findings on the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Motivational Consequences of Victim Sensitivity
Being duped is an aversive experience which people are motivated to avoid. For this reason, especially people with a high fear of exploitation (i.e., people high in victim sensitivity; VS) often behave pre-emptively selfish and defensive in socially uncertain situations. Because the cognitive and motivational processes underlying such defensiveness have received little attention so far, we conducted two studies aiming to close this research gap. …
Relational hinterlands in the USA have become disconnected from major global centres
Research identifies strong concentrations of economic activity in dynamic, major city regions, whereas shifts in economic linkages between these and smaller, less-advantaged city regions have been less investigated. Using data on firms’ investment/disinvestment decisions between 1993 and 2017, we show that the majority of ‘relational hinterlands’ (smaller, non-contiguous city regions with at least 1 investment tie to a global centre in 1993) in t…
Does urbanization increase inequality? Race, gender, and the urban wage premium
Workers in denser, larger cities have higher wages, though recent research suggests this "urban wage premium" varies for different groups. This paper asks whether changes in density within city-regions are associated with changes in racial and gender inequality. The main results suggest that a 100 person per square mile increase in population density is associated with 32.9, 46.1, and 27.5 cent increases in hourly Black-White, Latinx-White, and f…
Priced out? Household migration out of "superstar" US city-regions
The high cost-of-living in "superstar" US metropolitan areas has become an area of increasing scholarly and policy concern. One question relates to whether low socioeconomic status (SES) and other historically disadvantaged residents are getting pushed out of these city-regions. To unpack what is occurring with respect to migration out of large expensive metros, I examine who is moving out of these areas in the US and where they are going. I use …
Models of Regional Economic Development: Illustrations Using U.S. Data
Considering stagnating regional prosperity levels and growing inter-regional disparities in many economies, this paper appeals for a renewed research agenda to deepen our understanding of regional economic development. This is done by discussing different conceptual perspectives, their empirical applications and open questions and suggestions for future research. Conventional approaches view development as an outcome of and dependent upon local e…
Immigrant diversity, integration and worker productivity: Uncovering the mechanisms behind ‘diversity spillover’ effects
A growing body of research is demonstrating a robust positive relationship between the diversity of a city’s foreign-born population in the USA and worker productivity. Other research has focused on diversity within firms, similarly finding positive effects in many cases. Although it appears that diverse teams within firms are better at problem-solving and are more creative, the exact mechanism(s) that drive the relationship between diversity and…
Organizations, institutions and networks in local scenes: The growth of San Francisco Bay Area punk rock
Outward Foreign Direct Investments as a Catalyst of Urban-Regional Income Development? Evidence from the United States
Challenging populist views of outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) that suggest they move prosperity abroad, this article builds a model suggesting that OFDIs support urban-regional income levels due to (1) labor; (2) knowledge; and (3) multiplier, spillover, and intermediate input effects. In a panel study of median incomes in US urban regions between 2005 and 2013, we first establish a base model that measures income as a function of loca…
The nature, causes, and consequences of inter-regional inequality
Social scientists and policymakers alike have become increasingly concerned with understanding the nature, causes, and consequences of inter-regional inequality in economic living conditions. Contemporary spatial inequality is multi-faceted—it varies depending on how we define inequality, the scale at which it is measured, and which groups in the labor force are considered. Increasing economic inequality has important implications for broader soc…
Does urbanization increase inequality? Race, gender, and the urban wage premium
Workers in denser, larger cities have higher wages, though recent research suggests this "urban wage premium" varies for different groups. This paper asks whether changes in density within city-regions are associated with changes in racial and gender inequality. The main results suggest that a 100 person per square mile increase in population density is associated with 32.9, 46.1, and 27.5 cent increases in hourly Black-White, Latinx-White, and f…
Priced out? Household migration out of "superstar" US city-regions
The high cost-of-living in "superstar" US metropolitan areas has become an area of increasing scholarly and policy concern. One question relates to whether low socioeconomic status (SES) and other historically disadvantaged residents are getting pushed out of these city-regions. To unpack what is occurring with respect to migration out of large expensive metros, I examine who is moving out of these areas in the US and where they are going. I use …
Immigrant diversity, integration and worker productivity: Uncovering the mechanisms behind ‘diversity spillover’ effects
A growing body of research is demonstrating a robust positive relationship between the diversity of a city’s foreign-born population in the USA and worker productivity. Other research has focused on diversity within firms, similarly finding positive effects in many cases. Although it appears that diverse teams within firms are better at problem-solving and are more creative, the exact mechanism(s) that drive the relationship between diversity and…
Organizations, institutions and networks in local scenes: The growth of San Francisco Bay Area punk rock
Outward Foreign Direct Investments as a Catalyst of Urban-Regional Income Development? Evidence from the United States
Challenging populist views of outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) that suggest they move prosperity abroad, this article builds a model suggesting that OFDIs support urban-regional income levels due to (1) labor; (2) knowledge; and (3) multiplier, spillover, and intermediate input effects. In a panel study of median incomes in US urban regions between 2005 and 2013, we first establish a base model that measures income as a function of loca…
Organizations, institutions and networks in local scenes: The growth of San Francisco Bay Area punk rock
Outward Foreign Direct Investments as a Catalyst of Urban-Regional Income Development? Evidence from the United States
Challenging populist views of outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) that suggest they move prosperity abroad, this article builds a model suggesting that OFDIs support urban-regional income levels due to (1) labor; (2) knowledge; and (3) multiplier, spillover, and intermediate input effects. In a panel study of median incomes in US urban regions between 2005 and 2013, we first establish a base model that measures income as a function of loca…
Models of Regional Economic Development: Illustrations Using U.S. Data
Considering stagnating regional prosperity levels and growing inter-regional disparities in many economies, this paper appeals for a renewed research agenda to deepen our understanding of regional economic development. This is done by discussing different conceptual perspectives, their empirical applications and open questions and suggestions for future research. Conventional approaches view development as an outcome of and dependent upon local e…
Immigrant diversity, integration and worker productivity: Uncovering the mechanisms behind ‘diversity spillover’ effects
A growing body of research is demonstrating a robust positive relationship between the diversity of a city’s foreign-born population in the USA and worker productivity. Other research has focused on diversity within firms, similarly finding positive effects in many cases. Although it appears that diverse teams within firms are better at problem-solving and are more creative, the exact mechanism(s) that drive the relationship between diversity and…
Priced out? Household migration out of "superstar" US city-regions
The high cost-of-living in "superstar" US metropolitan areas has become an area of increasing scholarly and policy concern. One question relates to whether low socioeconomic status (SES) and other historically disadvantaged residents are getting pushed out of these city-regions. To unpack what is occurring with respect to migration out of large expensive metros, I examine who is moving out of these areas in the US and where they are going. I use …
Taking Back Control: Findings on the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Motivational Consequences of Victim Sensitivity
Being duped is an aversive experience which people are motivated to avoid. For this reason, especially people with a high fear of exploitation (i.e., people high in victim sensitivity; VS) often behave pre-emptively selfish and defensive in socially uncertain situations. Because the cognitive and motivational processes underlying such defensiveness have received little attention so far, we conducted two studies aiming to close this research gap. …
Relational hinterlands in the USA have become disconnected from major global centres
Research identifies strong concentrations of economic activity in dynamic, major city regions, whereas shifts in economic linkages between these and smaller, less-advantaged city regions have been less investigated. Using data on firms’ investment/disinvestment decisions between 1993 and 2017, we show that the majority of ‘relational hinterlands’ (smaller, non-contiguous city regions with at least 1 investment tie to a global centre in 1993) in t…
Does urbanization increase inequality? Race, gender, and the urban wage premium
Workers in denser, larger cities have higher wages, though recent research suggests this "urban wage premium" varies for different groups. This paper asks whether changes in density within city-regions are associated with changes in racial and gender inequality. The main results suggest that a 100 person per square mile increase in population density is associated with 32.9, 46.1, and 27.5 cent increases in hourly Black-White, Latinx-White, and f…
Subsidiary networks, connectivity, and urban-regional economic development
This paper argues that urban-regional income development depends on a larger fabric of economic relations at the national and international levels. Focusing on Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) in the US, the paper identifies firms’ subsidiary networks across space and their changes over time. These networks form a basic architecture through which important growth impulses in production and innovation are transmitted that impact urban income l…
The nature, causes, and consequences of inter-regional inequality
Social scientists and policymakers alike have become increasingly concerned with understanding the nature, causes, and consequences of inter-regional inequality in economic living conditions. Contemporary spatial inequality is multi-faceted—it varies depending on how we define inequality, the scale at which it is measured, and which groups in the labor force are considered. Increasing economic inequality has important implications for broader soc…
Divergence of economic opportunity in average places: Pathways to growth
Research on urban-regional development tends to focus on city-regions with extreme economic outcomes (e.g., superstar cities, ‘left-behind’ places), with less attention paid to more normal, ‘average’ places. In this paper, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate conditions supporting significant growth in small and mid-sized U.S. urban regions that had average income levels in 1993 (our average places). We identify the in…
Economics (9 works) · Economic growth (8 works) · Economic geography (7 works) · Geography (7 works) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (7 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Business (4 works) · Demographic economics (4 works) · Inequality (4 works) · Political science (4 works)