Theo Sandfort
Biographic Data
| ID | 91566 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Theo Sandfort |
| GIVEN NAMES | Theo |
| FAMILY NAME | Sandfort |
| SIGNATURE | SANDFORT T |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4986-1739 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 126 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 585 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 125 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Childhood gender nonconformity and sexual identity development milestones across age cohorts of cisgender sexual minority women and men.
Predictors of Preference for School-Based Health Center Services Among Urban High School Youth
Understanding adolescents' health care preferences is of critical importance to support optimal use. School-Based Health Centers (SBHCs) are an important setting for adolescents to seek care, yet little is known about their perceptions of and preference for SBHC services. The purpose of this study was to test whether health literacy and greater trust in SBHC providers predicted a preference for receiving health care services at an SBHC. In additi…
Health Literacy Among Sexual and Gender-Diverse Adolescents in New York City
This study explored sexual orientation and gender identity as predictors of health literacy among adolescents attending New York City (NYC) public high schools. Many studies have demonstrated disparities in sexual health among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents. However, little is known about their health literacy. Health literacy, defined as the capacity to acquire, understand, appraise, and apply health information, especially in heal…
Stigma and other correlates of self-esteem and depression in cisgender men and transfeminine persons with HIV who have sex with men in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa (HPTN 075)
HIV-related stigma profoundly impacts individuals living with HIV, hindering self-esteem and access to treatment. Few studies, if any, have assessed the effects of stigma on depression and self-esteem among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transfeminine persons (TFP) with HIV in African settings. We explored factors, including various forms of stigma, contributing to low self-esteem and poor mental health among 71 MSM and TFP in Kenya, Malawi,…
Gender role identity, personality factors, and psychiatric symptoms among American adults: The Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample
The present American study provides new understanding on gender role identity associations with mental health, while highlighting the importance of considering both birth-assigned sex and personality traits when studying gender role effects on psychiatric symptoms. We discuss the role of gendered traits and societal burden in relation to mental health
The Effect of Sexual and Gender Minority Violence on Depression, Hazardous Drinking, Condom Use, and HIV Acquisition: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of the CohMSM, HPTN 075, and Anza Map…
Comparison of Self-Reported Substance Use with Outcomes of Urine Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Africa Participating in HPTN 075
Research linking substance use with HIV risk behaviors and antiretroviral therapy adherence is typically based on self-reported data. However, studies in high-income countries show that men who have sex with men (MSM) often underreport substance use when compared to objective biological testing. Such comparisons have not been conducted among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared self-reported and objectively measured substance use among MSM part…
The sexual and reproductive health covariates of early menarche among adolescent girls
INTRODUCTION: Research suggests that girls who reach menarche at an early age are at greater risk for negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes than their later-maturing counterparts, but very little research has examined this issue in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in West Africa. The goal of the current study was to determine whether early menarche was associated with any SRH outcomes in a sample of Ghanaian girls. METHODS: The stu…
To Improve Motivational Barriers to Retention in High Resolution Anoscopy, Patients and Providers Recommend Social and Environmental Changes: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Pilot Study in a Fe…
Loss to follow-up (LTFU) in high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) programs jeopardizes the procedure's potential to help prevent anal cancer. We explored quality improvement factors to understand how to address this LTFU. Using the transtheoretical COM-B Model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior) and a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, we surveyed and interviewed 13 patients who remained engaged in HIV care but who delayed thei…
Interest in I-PrEP and Willingness to Participate in Clinical Trials Among Men and Transfeminine Persons Who have Sex with Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: Quantitative and Qualitative Findings from HPTN 07…
Interest in Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transfeminine Persons in HPTN 075, a Multi-center HIV Prevention Study in Sub-Saharan Africa (2015–2017)
Bisexuality among Men who have Sex with Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the HPTN 075 Study
A Provider-Focused Intervention to Increase Universal HIV Testing among Adolescents in School-Based Health Centers
We describe a provider-focused intervention to increase universal HIV testing among adolescent users in a network of School-Based Health Centers (SBHC) and compare the rate of HIV test offer and acceptance for SBHCs with and without the HIV testing intervention. The intervention was implemented at the six largest SBHCs in the 12-site network and included system- and staff-level initiatives, including an implementation coach to support SBHC associ…
HIV risk perception and sexual behavior among HIV-uninfected men and transgender women who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the HPTN 075 qualitative sub-study
There remains a limited understanding of how men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perceive their risk for HIV and how risk influences behavior during sexual interactions. We performed thematic analysis on in-depth interviews from the qualitative sub-study of HPTN 075 in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa. Using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) constructs, we found that most MSM and TGW perceive…
The social and sexual lives of Black sexual minority men 30 years of age and older in South Africa
Inferences drawn from these findings provide direction on how to improve middle-aged SMM's representation in research, such as recruiting a higher proportion of older and middle-aged SMM to serve as seed participants and building stronger community partnerships to disseminate study findings to settings where data collection is conducted
Motivations and Barriers to Routine HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City
In-depth qualitative interviews explored the experiences and understandings of men 18-39 years old who have sex with men that could facilitate or prevent HIV testing and routine HIV testing. For many men who tested frequently, testing and routine testing were motivated by awareness of the benefit of prompt treatment; public health and provider encouragement to test periodically; responsibility towards sexual partners; and wanting to share a recen…
Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills as Mediators Between Sexual Minority Stigma and Condomless anal Sex Among Black South African Men Who have Sex with Men
Solidarity, support and competition among communities of female and male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya
Female and male sex workers are at elevated risk for HIV infection, psychological distress and other adverse health outcomes. It is therefore important to understand how sex workers' social relationships with one another might inform psychosocial support services for this population. We conducted semi-structured interviews to examine the formation and nature of social networks of 25 female and 25 male sex workers recruited from bars and clubs in …
Condom Use and Social Capital Among Filipinx Transgender Women and Cisgender Men Who Have Sex with Men (Trans-WSM and Cis-MSM): A Structural Equation Modeling
Male Same-sex Sexuality and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
African same-sex sexualities and gender diversity: A framing note
This article introduces the concept of African same-sex sexualities and gender diversity which refers to variation pertinent to gender expressions and identities, sexual expression and sexual orientation. The article describes the emerging and evolving African scholarly production evident in the last two decades and explains key underlying themes that bring together this special issue
HIV and Intersectional Stigma Reduction Among Organizations Providing HIV Services in New York City: A Mixed-Methods Implementation Science Project
Religious Fundamentalism and Attitudes towards Sexual and Gender Minorities and Other Marginalized Groups among Religious Leaders in Kenya
Facing Our Fears: The Impact of a 4-Day Training Intervention to Reduce Negative Perspectives on Sexual and Gender Minorities among Religious Leaders in Kenya
This study evaluated short- and long-term impact of a 4-day training intervention to reduce negative perspectives of religious leaders in Kenya on sexual and gender minorities, adopting a one-group pretest-posttest-follow-up design. Religious leaders' perspectives play an important role in maintaining the negative status quo for sexual and gender minorities, especially in Africa, where religion's impact is ubiquitous and holding negative attitude…
Psychological Problems Mediate the Relationship Between Minority Stress and HIV Sexual Risk Among Nigerian Men Who Have Sex with Men: Testing the Minority Stress Model
Gender Nonconformity, Homophobia, and Mental Distress in Latino Gay and Bisexual Men
This study explored whether gender nonconformity in gay and bisexual men is related to mental distress and if so, whether this relationship is mediated by negative experiences that are likely associated with gender nonconformity, including abuse and harassment. To study this question, data were analyzed from face-to face interviews with 912 self-identified gay and bisexual Latino men in three major U.S. cities collected by Diaz and colleagues (20…
Long-Term Health Correlates of Timing of Sexual Debut: Results From a National US Study
Objectives. We explored long-term health consequences of age at sexual initiation and of abstinence until marriage to evaluate empirical support for the claim that postponing sexual initiation has beneficial health effects. Methods. We analyzed data from the 1996 National Sexual Health Survey, a cross-sectional study of the US adult population. We compared sexual health outcomes among individuals who had initiated sexual activity at an early or l…
Same-sex attraction, social relationships, psychosocial functioning, and school performance in early adolescence
The authors examined whether 13- to 15-year-old adolescents who experience feelings of same-sex attraction (SSA) differ from those without such feelings in the quality of relationships with parents, peers, and class mentors and in psychosocial functioning (health status and school performance). The authors also assessed whether differences in psychosocial functioning resulted from differences in the quality of social relationships. Data were coll…
Sexual Orientation and Mental and Physical Health Status: Findings From a Dutch Population Survey
Objectives. We sought to determine whether sexual orientation is related to mental and physical health and health behaviors in the general population. Methods. Data was derived from a health interview survey that was part of the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice, carried out in 2001 among an all-age random sample of the population. Of the 19685 persons invited to participate, 65% took part in the survey. Sexual orientation was asse…
Children’s Gender Identity in Lesbian and Heterosexual Two-Parent Families
This study compared gender identity, anticipated future heterosexual romantic involvement, and psychosocial adjustment of children in lesbian and heterosexual families; it was furthermore assessed whether associations between these aspects differed between family types. Data were obtained in the Netherlands from children in 63 lesbian families and 68 heterosexual families. All children were between 8 and 12 years old. Children in lesbian families…
And Then There was the Down Low: Introduction to Black and Latino Male Bisexualities
Relationship Trajectories and Psychological Well-Being Among Sexual Minority Youth
Beyond the Down Low: Sexual Risk, Protection, and Disclosure Among At-Risk Black Men Who Have Sex with Both Men and Women (MSMW)
HIV-positive people, risk and sexual behaviour
Suicidality and Sexual Orientation: Differences Between Men and Women in a General Population-Based Sample From The Netherlands
Sexual compulsivity among heterosexual college students
A growing body of literature suggests that an association exists between sexual compulsivity and participation in sexual behaviors that are high risk in terms of HIV/STD infection. In most of these studies, sexual compulsivity has been measured using the Sexual Compulsivity Scale. As yet, sexual compulsivity has only been assessed with this scale among individuals who are members of high risk groups for HIV infection or who are HIV-positive. In t…
Sex in pedophiliac relationships: An empirical investigation among a nonrepresentative group of boys
Little research has been done on children involved in pedophiliac relationships. Although there are many preconceptions about the nature of the “sexual abuse” occurring in these relationships, little is known about how the children involved actually feel about these sexual contacts. In this research the question of whether sexual relations with an adult can be a positive experience for a child is addressed. The subjects of the study were 25 boys …
Do homosexual persons use health care services more frequently than heterosexual persons: Findings from a Dutch population survey
Same-Sex Sexuality and Quality of Life: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study
Homophobic Name-Calling Among Secondary School Students and Its Implications for Mental Health
Sexual Orientation and Gender: Stereotypes and Beyond
Gender, Ethnicity, Religiosity, and Same-sex Sexual Attraction and the Acceptance of Same-sex Sexuality and Gender Non-conformity
Coping Styles as Mediator of Sexual Orientation-Related Health Differences
Kenyan Religious Leaders’ Views on Same-Sex Sexuality and Gender Nonconformity: Religious Freedom versus Constitutional Rights
Religion plays an important role in framing the public discourse on sexuality, especially in countries where religion fully permeates social life. We explored the perspectives of Kenyan religious leaders on sexual and gender diversity in their country's specific context. A total of 212 Catholic, Islamic, and Protestant leaders from urban centers and rural townships completed a self-administered questionnaire specifically developed for this study.…
Gender Nonconformity, Discrimination, and Mental Health Among Black South African Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Further Exploration of Unexpected Findings
Gender Nonconformity, Homophobic Peer Victimization, and Mental Health: How Same-Sex Attraction and Biological Sex Matter
We assessed whether homophobic name-calling accounts for the relationship between gender nonconformity and mental health (social anxiety and psychological distress) in a sample of 1,026 Dutch adolescents (boys: n = 517) ages 11 to 16 (Mage = 13.4). We also explored whether this hypothesized mediation differs by sexual attraction and biological sex. Data were collected by means of paper-and-pencil questionnaires at five secondary schools located i…
Sexual Problems in Gay Men: An Overview of Empirical Research
This article summarizes the findings and theoretical perspectives of 19 empirical studies of sexual problems in gay men. In order to understand these problems better, various differences between male homosexual and heterosexual functioning are discussed first. The studies included differ widely in terms of the issues explored, the populations studied, and the way data have been collected. In a few studies, researchers generally have looked at the…
Gender Nonconformity and Peer Victimization: Sex and Sexual Attraction Differences by Age
Among 2,185 Dutch adolescents (ages 11 to 18), we assessed whether the association among gender nonconformity, homophobic name-calling, and other general peer victimization differs for boys and girls and for youth with and without same-sex attraction (SSA). We also examined whether sex and sexual attraction differences in the association between gender nonconformity and both types of peer victimization are dependent upon adolescents' age. Data we…
Gender nonconformity and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: Homophobic stigmatization and internalized homophobia as mediators
We assessed among a sample of 724 Dutch lesbian, gay, and bisexual-identified adults ( Mage = 31.42) whether experiences with homophobic stigmatization and internalized homophobia simultaneously mediated the relation of gender nonconformity with mental health. Results indicated that homophobic stigmatization and internalized homophobia partially mediated the relation between gender nonconformity and mental health. Gender nonconformity was related…
Understanding teachers' responses to enactments of sexual and gender stigma at school
Sex in pedophiliac relationships: An empirical investigation among a nonrepresentative group of boys
Little research has been done on children involved in pedophiliac relationships. Although there are many preconceptions about the nature of the “sexual abuse” occurring in these relationships, little is known about how the children involved actually feel about these sexual contacts. In this research the question of whether sexual relations with an adult can be a positive experience for a child is addressed. The subjects of the study were 25 boys …
Pedophilia and the Gay Movement
A history of literature and views existing within the COC (Cultural and Recreational Center), the major Dutch organization of homosexual men and women, regarding pedophilia and its relationship to homosexuality are discussed, beginning with definite separation between the pedophile and homosexual identities and ending with an abolishment of oppression towards pedophilia, for which the COC is in part responsible. The article argues that the homose…
Man-Boy Relationships: Different Concepts for a Diversity of Phenomena
Safe sexual practices not reliably maintained by homosexual men
Safe sexual practices not reliably maintained by homosexual men. J B de Wit, E M de Vroome, T G Sandfort, G J van Griensven, R A Coutinho, and R A TielmanCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.4.615 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Increase in unprotected anogenital intercourse among homosexual men
Results are presented from two sources, data of which indicate an increase in high-risk sexual behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among homosexual men. The number of cases of gonorrhea among homosexual and bisexual visitors to municipal sexually transmitted disease clinics in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, is increasing. An increase was also observed in unprotected anogenital intercourse among homosexual participants in the Amsterd…
Sexual behaviour of gay and bisexual men in eight European countries
To compare the sexual behaviour and HIV risk reduction strategies of gay and bisexual men in Europe, a survey, disseminated via the gay press and gay associations, was conducted amongst gay and bisexual men in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands during the autumn and winter of 1991. By end March of 1992, 12,347 completed questionnaires had been obtained. A preliminary analysis shows striking si…
Cognitive-behavioral and experiential group psychotherapy for HIV-infected homosexual men: A comparative study
The knowledge of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) brings about psychological distress and social problems including anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Participating in psychosocial intervention programs can help to reduce these problems. To date, however, very little is known about the efficacy of different intervention strategies. We implemented a study with a randomized experimental design to investiga…
Trends in condom use among nonmonogamous heterosexual men in The Netherlands
Trends in condom use among nonmonogamous heterosexual men in The Netherlands. A Dingelstad, E de Vroome, M Paalman, and T SandfortCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1184 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Sexual Behavior and Depression Among HIV-Positive Gay Men
Lesbian and Gay Studies: An Introductory, Interdisciplinary Approach
This timely book seeks to demonstrate the coherence of lesbian and gay studies. It introduces the reader to the principal inter-disciplinary approaches in the field and critically assesses their strengths and weaknesses whilst asking: What is lesbian and gay studies? When did it emerge? And what are its achievements and research agenda
HIV-positive people, risk and sexual behaviour
Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Psychiatric Disorders: Findings From the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (Nemesis)
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that homosexuality is associated with psychiatric morbidity. This study examined differences between heterosexually and homosexually active subjects in 12-month and lifetime prevalence of DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in a representative sample of the Dutch population (N = 7076; aged 18-64 years). METHODS: Data were collected in face-to-face interviews, using the Composite International Dia…
Sexual Problems in Gay Men: An Overview of Empirical Research
This article summarizes the findings and theoretical perspectives of 19 empirical studies of sexual problems in gay men. In order to understand these problems better, various differences between male homosexual and heterosexual functioning are discussed first. The studies included differ widely in terms of the issues explored, the populations studied, and the way data have been collected. In a few studies, researchers generally have looked at the…
Same-Sex Sexuality and Quality of Life: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study
Sexual compulsivity among heterosexual college students
A growing body of literature suggests that an association exists between sexual compulsivity and participation in sexual behaviors that are high risk in terms of HIV/STD infection. In most of these studies, sexual compulsivity has been measured using the Sexual Compulsivity Scale. As yet, sexual compulsivity has only been assessed with this scale among individuals who are members of high risk groups for HIV infection or who are HIV-positive. In t…
Sexual Health: A Useful Public Health Paradigm or a Moral Imperative
Gender Differences in Affective Responses to Sexual Rejection
Sexual Health Among Male College Students in the United States and the Netherlands
Findings suggest that sexuality education seems to decrease, rather than increase, sexual risk in heterosexually active male college students
Sexual Orientation and Gender: Stereotypes and Beyond
Sexual Orientation and Mental and Physical Health Status: Findings From a Dutch Population Survey
Objectives. We sought to determine whether sexual orientation is related to mental and physical health and health behaviors in the general population. Methods. Data was derived from a health interview survey that was part of the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice, carried out in 2001 among an all-age random sample of the population. Of the 19685 persons invited to participate, 65% took part in the survey. Sexual orientation was asse…
Suicidality and Sexual Orientation: Differences Between Men and Women in a General Population-Based Sample From The Netherlands
Do homosexual persons use health care services more frequently than heterosexual persons: Findings from a Dutch population survey
Gender Nonconformity, Homophobia, and Mental Distress in Latino Gay and Bisexual Men
This study explored whether gender nonconformity in gay and bisexual men is related to mental distress and if so, whether this relationship is mediated by negative experiences that are likely associated with gender nonconformity, including abuse and harassment. To study this question, data were analyzed from face-to face interviews with 912 self-identified gay and bisexual Latino men in three major U.S. cities collected by Diaz and colleagues (20…
Religion and spirituality among bisexual Black men in the USA
Traditionally, religion has been a major source of institutional support and well-being for Black people in the USA. However, when juxtaposed against sexuality, religion's positive effect upon the lives of non-heterosexual individuals is questionable. Research suggests that non-heterosexuals often abandon structured religion for spirituality due to the homonegativity perpetuated through religious institutions. Although studies have examined relig…
Long-Term Health Correlates of Timing of Sexual Debut: Results From a National US Study
Objectives. We explored long-term health consequences of age at sexual initiation and of abstinence until marriage to evaluate empirical support for the claim that postponing sexual initiation has beneficial health effects. Methods. We analyzed data from the 1996 National Sexual Health Survey, a cross-sectional study of the US adult population. We compared sexual health outcomes among individuals who had initiated sexual activity at an early or l…
Psychology (101 works) · Medicine (82 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (66 works) · Social Psychology (59 works) · Clinical Psychology (58 works) · Sociology (58 works) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (57 works) · Psychiatry (50 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (49 works) · Demography (47 works)