Robert Archer
Biographic Data
| ID | 91930 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Archer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Archer |
| SIGNATURE | ARCHER R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Graz |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2420-0109 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 95 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Modes of Masculinities among the Yugoslav Workforce in Postcolonial Zambia
This contribution explores the non-aligned era labor migration of Yugoslav men to postcolonial Zambia. Based on oral history and archival research conducted in Lusaka and Belgrade, it seeks to provide a gendered account of Yugoslavs negotiating their role as white Europeans in a postcolonial milieu and the ways in which Zambian colleagues understood Yugoslavs to have positioned themselves. Drawing upon contemporary social anthropological research…
Albanian labor migration, the Yugoslav private sector and its Cold War context
This contribution explores the case of Yugoslav Albanians working in the private sector in late socialist Croatia and the ways in which their involvement in tourism and private business on the Adriatic coast was shaped by Yugoslavia’s position in the Cold War context as well as domestic political dynamics. Such dynamics include the securitization of Albanians across the country following the violently quelled 1981 student demonstrations in Kosovo…
Introduction: The Cold War of labour migrants: opportunities, struggles and adaptations across the Iron Curtain and beyond
This introduction to the special issue The Cold War of Labor Migrants: Opportunities, struggles and adaptations across the Iron Curtain and beyond seeks to bring forward the conversation between the history of the Cold War and migration studies. It is the result of a workshop convened by the Working Group ‘Labor Migration History’, of the European Labor History Network. It maps out the academic debate on international labor migration and it criti…
New Perspectives on East European Labor History: An Introduction
In the last three decades, the analytical categories of class and labor often appeared as having lost their luster for many social scientists and historians. This is especially true for scholars working on Eastern Europe, where after the fall of state socialist regimes the language of class was frequently presented as exhausted and burdened by political misuse. The instrumentalization of class was a protracted one, practiced first and foremost by…
The Belgrade Working Class from Tito to Milošević: New geographies of poverty and evolving expressions of injustice in an era of crisis, 1979–1986
Cet article examine les changements socio-economiques, demographiques et politiques qui ont eu lieu en Yougoslavie entre 1979 et 1986, en lien avec les revendications des ouvriers. De nombreux facteurs socio-economiques particuliers ont contribue au debut des annees 1980 a la recomposition de la classe ouvriere yougoslave. Durant cette periode, il fut de plus en plus evident que le projet de modernisation socialiste traversait une crise profonde.…
The Belgrade Working Class from Tito to Milošević: New geographies of poverty and evolving expressions of grievances in an era of crisis, 1979–1986
Cet article examine les changements socio-économiques, démographiques et politiques qui ont eu lieu en Yougoslavie entre 1979 et 1986, en lien avec les revendications des ouvriers. De nombreux facteurs socio-économiques particuliers ont contribué au début des années 1980 à la recomposition de la classe ouvrière yougoslave. Durant cette période, il fut de plus en plus évident que le projet de modernisation socialiste traversait une crise profonde.…
Antibureaucratism” as a Yugoslav Phenomenon: The View from Northwest Croatia
Most studies of the antibureaucratic revolution have focused on political elites and activists in Serbia, Montenegro, and the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. Recent scholarship has focused on individual participants, often workers, and takes their agency seriously. Building upon such research, this article explores the antibureaucratic revolution as a particular manifestation of a larger sociocultural process, constitutive of long-t…
Education Policy and Realist Social Theory: Primary Teachers, Child-Centred Philosophy and the New Managerialism
In Europe welfare state provision has been subjected to 'market forces'. Over the last two decades, the framework of economic competitiveness has become the defining aim of education, to be achieved by new managerialist techniques and mechanisms. This book thoughtfully and persuasively argues against this new vision of education, and offers a different, more useful potential approach.This in-depth major study will be of great interest to research…
The moral economy of home construction in late socialist Yugoslavia
Housing shortages in Yugoslav cities were a perennial concern for authorities and citizens alike. They disproportionately affected Yugoslav workers who as a consequence were the demographic most likely to independently construct a family home. This article explores how informal builders justified home construction in moral terms, legitimizing it on the basis of physical labour that was invested in home construction. This was couched in both the l…
It was better when it was worse’: Blue-collar narratives of the recent past in Belgrade
Based on oral history research conducted among networks of blue-collar workers in Belgrade, Serbia, this article develops three interrelated arguments regarding workers' appraisals of the recent past (1980-2014). Firstly, although the tumultuous years of late socialism and post-socialism in Serbia have been represented by scholars as a series of ruptures, I suggest that for blue-collar workers the boundaries between socialism and post-socialism a…
Approaching the socialist factory and its workforce: Considerations from fieldwork in (former) Yugoslavia
The socialist factory, as the 'incubator' of the new socialist (wo)man, is a productive entry point for the study of socialist modernization and its contradictions. By outlining some theoretical and methodological insights gathered through field-research in factories in former Yugoslavia, we seek to connect the state of labour history in the Balkans to recent breakthroughs made by labour historians of other socialist countries. The first part of …
Social Inequalities and Discontent in Yugoslav Socialism
Introduction In 1974, the Parliament of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia adopted the Law on Vocational Education, marking the beginning of what would arguably be the most comprehensive education reform in the country’s history. The reform was part of a broader transformation of the Yugoslav federation that began with the constitutional amendments in 1971 and culminated in the adoption of a new Constitution in 1974 (cf. Dimitrijević 20…
Assessing Turbofolk Controversies: Popular Music between the Nation and the Balkans
This article explores controversies provoked by the Serbian pop-folk musical style “turbofolk” which emerged in the 1990s. Turbofolk has been accused of being a lever of the Milošević regime – an inherently nationalist cultural phenomenon which developed due to the specific socio-political conditions of Serbia in the 1990s. In addition to criticism of turbofolk on the basis of nationalism and war-mongering, it is commonly claimed to be “trash,” “…
Mujeres enamoradas: Un epistolario de Pere Torroella y Pedro d'Urrea
La secuencia de cartas, poco conocida, de Pere Torroella y Pedro d'Urrea de mediados del siglo XV, conservada en un único manuscrito en Coimbra, gira en torno a una cuestión de casuística amorosa. Torroella le plantea a su corresponsal el caso de dos mujeres casadas, enamoradas de hombres que no son sus maridos, las cuales se ven igualmente incapaces de satisfacer sus deseos, y le pregunta: ¿cuál de ellas sufre más: la que se ve impedida por circ…
Lo desconhort cant de Ramon . Ramon Llull , Josep Batalla
Os pontos positivos de diferentes tradições: O Que Se Pode Ganhar E O Que Se Pode Perder Combinando Direitos E Desenvolvimento
Este trabalho destaca alguns dos pontos positivos e negativos das abordagens de direitos humanos e de desenvolvimento para indicar uma estrutura mais eficaz rumo ao tratamento da pobreza e da exclusão. (Original em inglês
Three Fifteenth-Century Valencian Poets . Arthur Terry
Reclaiming Metaphysical Truth for Educational Research
It is not uncommon in educational research and social science in general either to eschew the word truth or to put it in scare quotes in order to signify scepticism about it. After the initial wave of relativism in the philosophy of natural science, a second wave has developed in social science with the rise of postmodernism and poststructuralism. The tendency here is to relativise truth or to bracket out questions of truth. In contradistinction,…
The 'Mini-Renaissance' in Marxist Educational Sociology: A critique
This paper argues that the recent 'mini-renaissance' in Marxist educational sociology as propounded in particular by The reason for this centres on the adoption of a universal internal relations social ontology, which results in the reduction of concrete social reality to the narrow abstraction of the omnipresent 'Capital Relation'. At the same time, such theorising remains conspicuously silent on the issue of the feasible alternatives to capital…
The Place of Culture in Organization Theory: Introducing the Morphogenetic Approach
As Allaire and Firsirotu (1984) pointed out over a decade ago, the concept of culture seemed to be sliding inexorably into a superficial explanatory pool that promised everything and nothing. However, since then, some sophisticated and interesting theoretical developments have prevented drowning in the pool of superficiality and hence theoretical redundancy. The purpose of this article is to build upon such theoretical developments and to introdu…
School Effectiveness Research: An Ideological Commitment
As the international momentum of the school effectiveness movement continues, its exponents remain largely impervious to criticism. This paper argues that while they may not readily align themselves with the individualistic aspects of Conservative social philosophy, their methodology necessarily secretes an atomised social ontology. The charge of ideological commitment rests on the fact that the essentially positivist epistemology employed by sch…
Structure, Agency and the Sociology of Education: Rescuing analytical dualism
T heorising the interplay of structure and agency is the quintessential focus of sociolog ical endeavour. This paper aims to be part of that continuing endeavour, arguing for a strati ed social ontology, where structure and agency are held to be irreducible to each other and causally ef cacious, yet necessarily interdependent. It thus aims not to be part of that on-going journey in search of the 'ontological holy grail'. Instead, it offers a way …
Resisting Sex/Gender Conflation: A Rejoinder to John Hood-Williams
The irony of the rejection of the sex/gender distinction is that it renders sociology per se an impossible enterprise. For it is my submission that, contra Hood-Williams (1996) and others, the biological and the social constitute distinct, irreducible levels of reality: to conflate (in a 'downwards' or 'upwards' direction) the two levels is immediately to render analysis of their relative interplay at best intractable. It is indeed arguable that …
The Pervasive Image: The Role of Analogy in the Poetry of Ausias March
The Workings of Allegory in Ausias March
ion into a firm specificity.7 This distinction between allegory and personification on the basis of their respective levels of semantic richness may be perfectly valid in certain contexts, but it would seem important to establish what it is that the two have in common which requires that a distinction should be made between them. Quintilian helps us to do this. His division of allegory into two types allows us to continue to acknowledge the metap…
Structure, Agency and the Sociology of Education: Rescuing analytical dualism
T heorising the interplay of structure and agency is the quintessential focus of sociolog ical endeavour. This paper aims to be part of that continuing endeavour, arguing for a strati ed social ontology, where structure and agency are held to be irreducible to each other and causally ef cacious, yet necessarily interdependent. It thus aims not to be part of that on-going journey in search of the 'ontological holy grail'. Instead, it offers a way …
Approaching the socialist factory and its workforce: Considerations from fieldwork in (former) Yugoslavia
The socialist factory, as the 'incubator' of the new socialist (wo)man, is a productive entry point for the study of socialist modernization and its contradictions. By outlining some theoretical and methodological insights gathered through field-research in factories in former Yugoslavia, we seek to connect the state of labour history in the Balkans to recent breakthroughs made by labour historians of other socialist countries. The first part of …
The Place of Culture in Organization Theory: Introducing the Morphogenetic Approach
As Allaire and Firsirotu (1984) pointed out over a decade ago, the concept of culture seemed to be sliding inexorably into a superficial explanatory pool that promised everything and nothing. However, since then, some sophisticated and interesting theoretical developments have prevented drowning in the pool of superficiality and hence theoretical redundancy. The purpose of this article is to build upon such theoretical developments and to introdu…
The moral economy of home construction in late socialist Yugoslavia
Housing shortages in Yugoslav cities were a perennial concern for authorities and citizens alike. They disproportionately affected Yugoslav workers who as a consequence were the demographic most likely to independently construct a family home. This article explores how informal builders justified home construction in moral terms, legitimizing it on the basis of physical labour that was invested in home construction. This was couched in both the l…
Assessing Turbofolk Controversies: Popular Music between the Nation and the Balkans
This article explores controversies provoked by the Serbian pop-folk musical style “turbofolk” which emerged in the 1990s. Turbofolk has been accused of being a lever of the Milošević regime – an inherently nationalist cultural phenomenon which developed due to the specific socio-political conditions of Serbia in the 1990s. In addition to criticism of turbofolk on the basis of nationalism and war-mongering, it is commonly claimed to be “trash,” “…
Albanian labor migration, the Yugoslav private sector and its Cold War context
This contribution explores the case of Yugoslav Albanians working in the private sector in late socialist Croatia and the ways in which their involvement in tourism and private business on the Adriatic coast was shaped by Yugoslavia’s position in the Cold War context as well as domestic political dynamics. Such dynamics include the securitization of Albanians across the country following the violently quelled 1981 student demonstrations in Kosovo…
Reclaiming Metaphysical Truth for Educational Research
It is not uncommon in educational research and social science in general either to eschew the word truth or to put it in scare quotes in order to signify scepticism about it. After the initial wave of relativism in the philosophy of natural science, a second wave has developed in social science with the rise of postmodernism and poststructuralism. The tendency here is to relativise truth or to bracket out questions of truth. In contradistinction,…
School Effectiveness Research: An Ideological Commitment
As the international momentum of the school effectiveness movement continues, its exponents remain largely impervious to criticism. This paper argues that while they may not readily align themselves with the individualistic aspects of Conservative social philosophy, their methodology necessarily secretes an atomised social ontology. The charge of ideological commitment rests on the fact that the essentially positivist epistemology employed by sch…
It was better when it was worse’: Blue-collar narratives of the recent past in Belgrade
Based on oral history research conducted among networks of blue-collar workers in Belgrade, Serbia, this article develops three interrelated arguments regarding workers' appraisals of the recent past (1980-2014). Firstly, although the tumultuous years of late socialism and post-socialism in Serbia have been represented by scholars as a series of ruptures, I suggest that for blue-collar workers the boundaries between socialism and post-socialism a…
Resisting Sex/Gender Conflation: A Rejoinder to John Hood-Williams
The irony of the rejection of the sex/gender distinction is that it renders sociology per se an impossible enterprise. For it is my submission that, contra Hood-Williams (1996) and others, the biological and the social constitute distinct, irreducible levels of reality: to conflate (in a 'downwards' or 'upwards' direction) the two levels is immediately to render analysis of their relative interplay at best intractable. It is indeed arguable that …
Remarks on the Class Struggle in Ancient Greece
New Perspectives on East European Labor History: An Introduction
In the last three decades, the analytical categories of class and labor often appeared as having lost their luster for many social scientists and historians. This is especially true for scholars working on Eastern Europe, where after the fall of state socialist regimes the language of class was frequently presented as exhausted and burdened by political misuse. The instrumentalization of class was a protracted one, practiced first and foremost by…
Introduction: The Cold War of labour migrants: opportunities, struggles and adaptations across the Iron Curtain and beyond
This introduction to the special issue The Cold War of Labor Migrants: Opportunities, struggles and adaptations across the Iron Curtain and beyond seeks to bring forward the conversation between the history of the Cold War and migration studies. It is the result of a workshop convened by the Working Group ‘Labor Migration History’, of the European Labor History Network. It maps out the academic debate on international labor migration and it criti…
The Belgrade Working Class from Tito to Milošević: New geographies of poverty and evolving expressions of grievances in an era of crisis, 1979–1986
Cet article examine les changements socio-économiques, démographiques et politiques qui ont eu lieu en Yougoslavie entre 1979 et 1986, en lien avec les revendications des ouvriers. De nombreux facteurs socio-économiques particuliers ont contribué au début des années 1980 à la recomposition de la classe ouvrière yougoslave. Durant cette période, il fut de plus en plus évident que le projet de modernisation socialiste traversait une crise profonde.…
Antibureaucratism” as a Yugoslav Phenomenon: The View from Northwest Croatia
Most studies of the antibureaucratic revolution have focused on political elites and activists in Serbia, Montenegro, and the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. Recent scholarship has focused on individual participants, often workers, and takes their agency seriously. Building upon such research, this article explores the antibureaucratic revolution as a particular manifestation of a larger sociocultural process, constitutive of long-t…
Madagascar depuis 1972: La marche d'une révolution
L'Insurrection Malgache de 1947
Journal Article L'Insurrection Malgache de 1947 Get access L'Insurrection Malgache de 1947, by J. Tronchon. Maspero, Paris, 1974. 399pp. Maps, tables, bibliography. Paperback 45,00 FF. ROBERT ARCHER ROBERT ARCHER Institute of Commonwealth StudiesLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 75, Issue 299, April 1976, Pages 261–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096726 Publi…
Remarks on the Class Struggle in Ancient Greece
The Workings of Allegory in Ausias March
ion into a firm specificity.7 This distinction between allegory and personification on the basis of their respective levels of semantic richness may be perfectly valid in certain contexts, but it would seem important to establish what it is that the two have in common which requires that a distinction should be made between them. Quintilian helps us to do this. His division of allegory into two types allows us to continue to acknowledge the metap…
The Pervasive Image: The Role of Analogy in the Poetry of Ausias March
Resisting Sex/Gender Conflation: A Rejoinder to John Hood-Williams
The irony of the rejection of the sex/gender distinction is that it renders sociology per se an impossible enterprise. For it is my submission that, contra Hood-Williams (1996) and others, the biological and the social constitute distinct, irreducible levels of reality: to conflate (in a 'downwards' or 'upwards' direction) the two levels is immediately to render analysis of their relative interplay at best intractable. It is indeed arguable that …
School Effectiveness Research: An Ideological Commitment
As the international momentum of the school effectiveness movement continues, its exponents remain largely impervious to criticism. This paper argues that while they may not readily align themselves with the individualistic aspects of Conservative social philosophy, their methodology necessarily secretes an atomised social ontology. The charge of ideological commitment rests on the fact that the essentially positivist epistemology employed by sch…
Structure, Agency and the Sociology of Education: Rescuing analytical dualism
T heorising the interplay of structure and agency is the quintessential focus of sociolog ical endeavour. This paper aims to be part of that continuing endeavour, arguing for a strati ed social ontology, where structure and agency are held to be irreducible to each other and causally ef cacious, yet necessarily interdependent. It thus aims not to be part of that on-going journey in search of the 'ontological holy grail'. Instead, it offers a way …
The Place of Culture in Organization Theory: Introducing the Morphogenetic Approach
As Allaire and Firsirotu (1984) pointed out over a decade ago, the concept of culture seemed to be sliding inexorably into a superficial explanatory pool that promised everything and nothing. However, since then, some sophisticated and interesting theoretical developments have prevented drowning in the pool of superficiality and hence theoretical redundancy. The purpose of this article is to build upon such theoretical developments and to introdu…
The 'Mini-Renaissance' in Marxist Educational Sociology: A critique
This paper argues that the recent 'mini-renaissance' in Marxist educational sociology as propounded in particular by The reason for this centres on the adoption of a universal internal relations social ontology, which results in the reduction of concrete social reality to the narrow abstraction of the omnipresent 'Capital Relation'. At the same time, such theorising remains conspicuously silent on the issue of the feasible alternatives to capital…
Reclaiming Metaphysical Truth for Educational Research
It is not uncommon in educational research and social science in general either to eschew the word truth or to put it in scare quotes in order to signify scepticism about it. After the initial wave of relativism in the philosophy of natural science, a second wave has developed in social science with the rise of postmodernism and poststructuralism. The tendency here is to relativise truth or to bracket out questions of truth. In contradistinction,…
Three Fifteenth-Century Valencian Poets . Arthur Terry
Mujeres enamoradas: Un epistolario de Pere Torroella y Pedro d'Urrea
La secuencia de cartas, poco conocida, de Pere Torroella y Pedro d'Urrea de mediados del siglo XV, conservada en un único manuscrito en Coimbra, gira en torno a una cuestión de casuística amorosa. Torroella le plantea a su corresponsal el caso de dos mujeres casadas, enamoradas de hombres que no son sus maridos, las cuales se ven igualmente incapaces de satisfacer sus deseos, y le pregunta: ¿cuál de ellas sufre más: la que se ve impedida por circ…
Lo desconhort cant de Ramon . Ramon Llull , Josep Batalla
Os pontos positivos de diferentes tradições: O Que Se Pode Ganhar E O Que Se Pode Perder Combinando Direitos E Desenvolvimento
Este trabalho destaca alguns dos pontos positivos e negativos das abordagens de direitos humanos e de desenvolvimento para indicar uma estrutura mais eficaz rumo ao tratamento da pobreza e da exclusão. (Original em inglês
Assessing Turbofolk Controversies: Popular Music between the Nation and the Balkans
This article explores controversies provoked by the Serbian pop-folk musical style “turbofolk” which emerged in the 1990s. Turbofolk has been accused of being a lever of the Milošević regime – an inherently nationalist cultural phenomenon which developed due to the specific socio-political conditions of Serbia in the 1990s. In addition to criticism of turbofolk on the basis of nationalism and war-mongering, it is commonly claimed to be “trash,” “…
Social Inequalities and Discontent in Yugoslav Socialism
Introduction In 1974, the Parliament of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia adopted the Law on Vocational Education, marking the beginning of what would arguably be the most comprehensive education reform in the country’s history. The reform was part of a broader transformation of the Yugoslav federation that began with the constitutional amendments in 1971 and culminated in the adoption of a new Constitution in 1974 (cf. Dimitrijević 20…
It was better when it was worse’: Blue-collar narratives of the recent past in Belgrade
Based on oral history research conducted among networks of blue-collar workers in Belgrade, Serbia, this article develops three interrelated arguments regarding workers' appraisals of the recent past (1980-2014). Firstly, although the tumultuous years of late socialism and post-socialism in Serbia have been represented by scholars as a series of ruptures, I suggest that for blue-collar workers the boundaries between socialism and post-socialism a…
Approaching the socialist factory and its workforce: Considerations from fieldwork in (former) Yugoslavia
The socialist factory, as the 'incubator' of the new socialist (wo)man, is a productive entry point for the study of socialist modernization and its contradictions. By outlining some theoretical and methodological insights gathered through field-research in factories in former Yugoslavia, we seek to connect the state of labour history in the Balkans to recent breakthroughs made by labour historians of other socialist countries. The first part of …
Education Policy and Realist Social Theory: Primary Teachers, Child-Centred Philosophy and the New Managerialism
In Europe welfare state provision has been subjected to 'market forces'. Over the last two decades, the framework of economic competitiveness has become the defining aim of education, to be achieved by new managerialist techniques and mechanisms. This book thoughtfully and persuasively argues against this new vision of education, and offers a different, more useful potential approach.This in-depth major study will be of great interest to research…
The moral economy of home construction in late socialist Yugoslavia
Housing shortages in Yugoslav cities were a perennial concern for authorities and citizens alike. They disproportionately affected Yugoslav workers who as a consequence were the demographic most likely to independently construct a family home. This article explores how informal builders justified home construction in moral terms, legitimizing it on the basis of physical labour that was invested in home construction. This was couched in both the l…
The Belgrade Working Class from Tito to Milošević: New geographies of poverty and evolving expressions of injustice in an era of crisis, 1979–1986
Cet article examine les changements socio-economiques, demographiques et politiques qui ont eu lieu en Yougoslavie entre 1979 et 1986, en lien avec les revendications des ouvriers. De nombreux facteurs socio-economiques particuliers ont contribue au debut des annees 1980 a la recomposition de la classe ouvriere yougoslave. Durant cette periode, il fut de plus en plus evident que le projet de modernisation socialiste traversait une crise profonde.…
The Belgrade Working Class from Tito to Milošević: New geographies of poverty and evolving expressions of grievances in an era of crisis, 1979–1986
Cet article examine les changements socio-économiques, démographiques et politiques qui ont eu lieu en Yougoslavie entre 1979 et 1986, en lien avec les revendications des ouvriers. De nombreux facteurs socio-économiques particuliers ont contribué au début des années 1980 à la recomposition de la classe ouvrière yougoslave. Durant cette période, il fut de plus en plus évident que le projet de modernisation socialiste traversait une crise profonde.…
Antibureaucratism” as a Yugoslav Phenomenon: The View from Northwest Croatia
Most studies of the antibureaucratic revolution have focused on political elites and activists in Serbia, Montenegro, and the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. Recent scholarship has focused on individual participants, often workers, and takes their agency seriously. Building upon such research, this article explores the antibureaucratic revolution as a particular manifestation of a larger sociocultural process, constitutive of long-t…
New Perspectives on East European Labor History: An Introduction
In the last three decades, the analytical categories of class and labor often appeared as having lost their luster for many social scientists and historians. This is especially true for scholars working on Eastern Europe, where after the fall of state socialist regimes the language of class was frequently presented as exhausted and burdened by political misuse. The instrumentalization of class was a protracted one, practiced first and foremost by…
Political science (18 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Law (12 works) · Law (12 works) · Art (10 works) · Politics (10 works) · Epistemology (9 works) · Philosophy (9 works) · Balkans: History, Politics, Society (8 works) · History (8 works)