Diane K Mclaughlin
Biographic Data
| ID | 92431 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Diane K Mclaughlin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Diane K |
| FAMILY NAME | Mclaughlin |
| SIGNATURE | MCLAUGHLIN D K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 975 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
Patterns of Educational, Occupational, and Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth: The Role of Family, School, and Community
Research on youth and adolescents increasingly suggests that youths' aspirations are complex, multidimensional constructs. This is especially the case for rural youth, who may face conflicting goals when considering their educational, occupational, and residential aspirations. However, few studies have explored rural youths' aspirations from a MultiDimensional perspective. Using data from the younger cohort of the Rural Youth Education study, thi…
Change and Stability of Emotional Health of Rural Pennsylvania Youth During High School
Purpose Few prior studies have examined change in emotional health of high school students in a rural context. Considering the multifaceted nature of emotional health, this research aims to identify the patterns and explore change and stability of the emotional health of rural Pennsylvania youth. It also investigates the influence of family, peers, school, and the community environment on rural adolescents’ emotional health. Methods Using panel d…
Does Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction Affect How Much Youth in Rural Pennsylvania Like Their Community
Prior research on the impacts of boomtowns on youth provides mixed results. Recent qualitative work suggests youth are ambivalent about change associated with extraction of natural gas from the Marcellus Shale. The Rural Youth Education longitudinal study of youth in rural Pennsylvania provides a unique opportunity to examine youth views about their communities before and during development of the Marcellus Shale. We use two waves of data from 10…
Influence of Perceptions of Current and Future Community on Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth
Outmigration of youth has concerned rural communities and researchers for several decades. Yet not all communities experience extensive youth outmigration and some youth want to stay in their rural communities as adults. This article examines youth satisfaction with their current community and the importance of characteristics of the community in which they would like to live as an adult for youth preferences to leave or stay in their rural commu…
Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Marcellus Shale Gas Development and New Boomtown Research: Views of New York and Pennsylvania Residents
Development of unconventional natural gas resources in the Marcellus Shale region of the northeastern United States has progressed rapidly over the last decade. The discourse surrounding such development recalls quarter-century-old debates about positive and negative implications for the well-being of such energy boomtowns. Potential support or opposition relates to trust in the industry and its regulators, perceived knowledge, and perceived impa…
Those Who Work, Those Who Don't: Poverty, Morality, and Family in Rural America
Differential Neonatal and Postneonatal Infant Mortality Rates Across US Counties: The Role of Socioeconomic Conditions and Rurality
Purpose: To examine differences in correlates of neonatal and postneonatal infant mortality rates, across counties, by degree of rurality. Methods: Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates were calculated from the 1998 to 2002 Compressed Mortality Files from the National Center for Health Statistics. Bivariate analyses assessed the relationship between neonatal and postneonatal mortality by Urban Influence (UI) codes. Multivariable, weighted lea…
Rural Youth Residential Preferences: Understanding the Youth Development-Community Development Nexus
Residential aspirations of youth are influenced by family, school, and community characteristics. This study uses data from 7th and 11th grade students in 10 rural Pennsylvania school districts to identify community characteristics associated with rural youth aspirations to live in their home community when they are 30-years-old. Multinomial logistic regression models comparing rural home community to other places and don't know responses show th…
Nonstandard Employment in the Nonmetropolitan United States
We examine the prevalence of nonstandard employment in the nonmetropolitan United States using the Current Population Survey Supplement on Contingent Work (1999 and 2001). We find that nonstandard work is more prevalent in nonmetropolitan than in central city or suburban areas. Logistic regression models controlling for sociode-mographic and work characteristics, show that nonmetropolitan workers experience higher odds of nonstandard employment t…
Exiting Tanf: Individual and Local Factors and Their Differential Influence Across Racial Groups
Objective. We ask whether individual and local factors known to influence reliance on welfare continue to be important under the TANF program, and if such factors differentially affect exit from TANF for African Americans and whites. Methods. We use monthly administrative data on TANF recipients from October 1996 to July 2004 from the Mississippi Department of Human Services. These data are linked to local economic, social, and spatial characteri…
Household Composition and Poverty among Female-Headed Households with Children: Differences by Race and Residence
We examine race and residential variation in the prevalence of female-headed households with children and how household composition is associated with several key economic well-being outcomes using data from the 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample of the U.S. Census. Special attention is paid to cohabiting female-headed households with children and those that are headed by a single grandmother caring for at least one grandchild, because these are…
Female-Headed Families and Poverty in Rural America
Employing data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 March supplements of the Current Population Surveys, this study examines changing household and family structure in metro and nonmetro areas and corresponding changes in poverty, emphasizing female-headed families with children under age 18. We also pay particular attention to the structure and economic conditions of subfamilies with children during this period. Household and family structure in suburb…
Tanf Participation Rates: Do Community Conditions Matter
A general criticism of the 1996 Welfare Reform Act is that it is primarily the result of an urban political agenda, and it may hurt rather than help the rural poor. Under the new welfare system, the rural poor that are most likely to be affected are those who live in socially, economically, and spatially disadvantaged communities. More residents in these communities are likely to need TANF, clients in these communities are least likely to leave T…
Income Inequality and Mortality in US Counties: Does Minority Racial Concentration Matter
This study examined (1) the relationship between income inequality and mortality among all counties in the contiguous United States to ascertain whether the relationships found for states and metropolitan areas extend to smaller geographic units and (2) the influence of minority racial concentration on the inequality–mortality linkage. Methods. This county-level ecologic analysis used data from the Compressed Mortality Files and the US Census. We…
Changing Income Inequality in Nonmetropolitan Counties, 1980 to 1990
Income inequality has been increasing across the United States, but little is known about changing income inequality in nonmetropolitan counties. Data from the 1980 and 1990 Summary Tape Files of the U.S. Census of Population and Housing are used to estimate ordinary least squares models of change in income inequality. Household income inequality increased in a smaller share of nonmetro than metro counties from 1980 to 1990, and increases in inco…
Economic Restructuring and the Retreat from Marriage
Residence and Income Inequality: Effects on Mortality Among U.S. Counties
Despite lower average incomes, greater percentages living in poverty, lower levels of health insurance, less preventive health care, and poorer health status, nonmetropolitan residents have been found to experience lower mortality than their metropolitan counterparts. Several pathways through which residence influences mortality have been proposed. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of income inequality on residential different…
Economic Restructuring and Changing Prevalence of Female-headed Families in America1
Industrial restructuring has altered economic circumstances in the U.S., but the influences of these changes on family structure are not clear. This study examines whether industrial restructuring influences female headship and whether these effects differ in nonmetro and metro counties. Results based on data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing Summary Tape Files indicate several conclusions. First, female headed househol…
Rural Women's Economic Realities
The economic position of many elders has improved over the past few decades. Several groups of elders remain disadvantaged, however, including nonmetropolitan elders and women in any setting. This study examines differences in household income and poverty rates for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan women ages 55 and over in 1970, 1980 and 1990. Comparison of median incomes for women the same age across birth cohorts reveals that much of the improv…
Family migration and changes in women's earnings: A decomposition analysis
Poverty and the Marital Behavior of Young Women
DIANE K. McLAuGHLiN The Pennsylvania State University DANIEL.L T. LICHTER The Pennsylvania State University* Marriage provides one route out of poverty and long-term reliance on welfare, yet little is known about the factors that encourage or impede marriage among poor, young women. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine first marriage transitions for poor young women and young women who are not poor. We find that t…
Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context
Lower mortality for older rural Americans, compared to urban residents, runs counter to rural-urban disparities in health care services and residents' socioeconomic resources. This paradox calls into question the ways in which community conditions influence mortality and contextualize the relationship between individuals' socioeconomic status and health. Drawing on 24 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, we observe th…
Welfare and the Rise in Female-Headed Families
The article provides a bridge between recent marriage market research and studies of welfare incentive effects on U.S. family formation. Estimates from state and county fixed‐effects models indicate significant effects of changing state Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps, and Medicaid expenditure levels on county‐level changes in families headed by unmarried mothers. However, neither changing welfare benefit levels nor declining…
Geographic Methods for Health Services Research: A Focus on the Rural-Urban Continuum
Changing Economic Opportunities, Family Structure, and Poverty in Rural Areas1
Instrustrial restructuring in the 1980s ushered in a new pattern of growing economic diversity over geographic space. The objective of this study is to examine the extent and etiology of changing spatial inequality between and within metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas, as measured by increasing or decreasing county poverty rates. Results based on data from the 1980 and 1990 census summary tape files suggest several conclusi…
Race and the Retreat From Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men
We provide a search-theoretic model of the transition to first marriage among young [black and white] women in the United States. We measure directly the pool of unmarried men relative to unmarried women in local marriage markets as well as the economic attractiveness of available men for each unmarried woman in the NLSY [National Longitudinal Survey of Youth]....Our event-history analysis evaluates the contextual effects of marriage market condi…
Local Marriage Markets and the Marital Behavior of Black and White Women
Previous research has typically ignored the spatial dimension of marriage markets, focusing instead on highly aggregated data or on individual models of entry into marriage. A basic premise of this study is that national marriage rates are played out across local marriage-market areas that define female opportunities for marriage. Using local area data from the newly released 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample (D file), the article provides a direc…
Changing Economic Opportunities, Family Structure, and Poverty in Rural Areas1
Instrustrial restructuring in the 1980s ushered in a new pattern of growing economic diversity over geographic space. The objective of this study is to examine the extent and etiology of changing spatial inequality between and within metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas, as measured by increasing or decreasing county poverty rates. Results based on data from the 1980 and 1990 census summary tape files suggest several conclusi…
Female-Headed Families and Poverty in Rural America
Employing data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 March supplements of the Current Population Surveys, this study examines changing household and family structure in metro and nonmetro areas and corresponding changes in poverty, emphasizing female-headed families with children under age 18. We also pay particular attention to the structure and economic conditions of subfamilies with children during this period. Household and family structure in suburb…
Income Inequality and Mortality in US Counties: Does Minority Racial Concentration Matter
This study examined (1) the relationship between income inequality and mortality among all counties in the contiguous United States to ascertain whether the relationships found for states and metropolitan areas extend to smaller geographic units and (2) the influence of minority racial concentration on the inequality–mortality linkage. Methods. This county-level ecologic analysis used data from the Compressed Mortality Files and the US Census. We…
Household Composition and Poverty among Female-Headed Households with Children: Differences by Race and Residence
We examine race and residential variation in the prevalence of female-headed households with children and how household composition is associated with several key economic well-being outcomes using data from the 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample of the U.S. Census. Special attention is paid to cohabiting female-headed households with children and those that are headed by a single grandmother caring for at least one grandchild, because these are…
Influence of Perceptions of Current and Future Community on Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth
Outmigration of youth has concerned rural communities and researchers for several decades. Yet not all communities experience extensive youth outmigration and some youth want to stay in their rural communities as adults. This article examines youth satisfaction with their current community and the importance of characteristics of the community in which they would like to live as an adult for youth preferences to leave or stay in their rural commu…
Some Women Marry Young: Transitions to First Marriage in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
Diane K. McLaughlin, Daniel T. Lichter, Gail M. Johnston, Some Women Marry Young: Transitions to First Marriage in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Nov., 1993), pp. 827-838
Changing Linkages Between Work and Poverty in Rural America1
The changing relationship between work and poverty in non-metropolitan (nonmetro) America is documented using data from the 1980 and 1990 March supplements of the Current Population Survey. Specifically, this paper assesses changing differentials in the proportion of poor people who are working; documents the rapid rise in poverty among nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) workers during the 1979-1989 period, especially among young adults and female…
Residence and Income Inequality: Effects on Mortality Among U.S. Counties
Despite lower average incomes, greater percentages living in poverty, lower levels of health insurance, less preventive health care, and poorer health status, nonmetropolitan residents have been found to experience lower mortality than their metropolitan counterparts. Several pathways through which residence influences mortality have been proposed. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of income inequality on residential different…
Poverty and the Marital Behavior of Young Women
DIANE K. McLAuGHLiN The Pennsylvania State University DANIEL.L T. LICHTER The Pennsylvania State University* Marriage provides one route out of poverty and long-term reliance on welfare, yet little is known about the factors that encourage or impede marriage among poor, young women. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine first marriage transitions for poor young women and young women who are not poor. We find that t…
Economic Restructuring and the Retreat from Marriage
Returns vs. Endowments in the Earnings Attainment Process for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Men and Women1
Three explanations typically are offered for differences in earnings: (1) individuals have different levels of human capital and hold different jobs (endowments differ), (2) rewards to human capital and job characteristics differ (returns differ), and (3) some combination of differences in endowments and returns explain variations in earnings. We argue that the structure of labor markets in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas differs from that in me…
Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context
Lower mortality for older rural Americans, compared to urban residents, runs counter to rural-urban disparities in health care services and residents' socioeconomic resources. This paradox calls into question the ways in which community conditions influence mortality and contextualize the relationship between individuals' socioeconomic status and health. Drawing on 24 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, we observe th…
Economic Restructuring and Changing Prevalence of Female-headed Families in America1
Industrial restructuring has altered economic circumstances in the U.S., but the influences of these changes on family structure are not clear. This study examines whether industrial restructuring influences female headship and whether these effects differ in nonmetro and metro counties. Results based on data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing Summary Tape Files indicate several conclusions. First, female headed househol…
Tanf Participation Rates: Do Community Conditions Matter
A general criticism of the 1996 Welfare Reform Act is that it is primarily the result of an urban political agenda, and it may hurt rather than help the rural poor. Under the new welfare system, the rural poor that are most likely to be affected are those who live in socially, economically, and spatially disadvantaged communities. More residents in these communities are likely to need TANF, clients in these communities are least likely to leave T…
Nonstandard Employment in the Nonmetropolitan United States
We examine the prevalence of nonstandard employment in the nonmetropolitan United States using the Current Population Survey Supplement on Contingent Work (1999 and 2001). We find that nonstandard work is more prevalent in nonmetropolitan than in central city or suburban areas. Logistic regression models controlling for sociode-mographic and work characteristics, show that nonmetropolitan workers experience higher odds of nonstandard employment t…
Changing Income Inequality in Nonmetropolitan Counties, 1980 to 1990
Income inequality has been increasing across the United States, but little is known about changing income inequality in nonmetropolitan counties. Data from the 1980 and 1990 Summary Tape Files of the U.S. Census of Population and Housing are used to estimate ordinary least squares models of change in income inequality. Household income inequality increased in a smaller share of nonmetro than metro counties from 1980 to 1990, and increases in inco…
Family migration and changes in women's earnings: A decomposition analysis
Welfare and the Rise in Female-Headed Families
The article provides a bridge between recent marriage market research and studies of welfare incentive effects on U.S. family formation. Estimates from state and county fixed‐effects models indicate significant effects of changing state Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps, and Medicaid expenditure levels on county‐level changes in families headed by unmarried mothers. However, neither changing welfare benefit levels nor declining…
Rural Youth Residential Preferences: Understanding the Youth Development-Community Development Nexus
Residential aspirations of youth are influenced by family, school, and community characteristics. This study uses data from 7th and 11th grade students in 10 rural Pennsylvania school districts to identify community characteristics associated with rural youth aspirations to live in their home community when they are 30-years-old. Multinomial logistic regression models comparing rural home community to other places and don't know responses show th…
Patterns of Educational, Occupational, and Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth: The Role of Family, School, and Community
Research on youth and adolescents increasingly suggests that youths' aspirations are complex, multidimensional constructs. This is especially the case for rural youth, who may face conflicting goals when considering their educational, occupational, and residential aspirations. However, few studies have explored rural youths' aspirations from a MultiDimensional perspective. Using data from the younger cohort of the Rural Youth Education study, thi…
Becoming Poor: The Experiences of Elders1
Elderly Americans residing in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas have higher poverty prevalence than their metropolitan (metro) counterparts. Data from both the response and nonresponse files of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1988 wave) are analyzed to establish the extent to which this disadvantage also occurs in the length of poverty spells and the risk of becoming poor at older ages. Specifically, for individuals aged 55 and older Kaplan-Me…
Exiting Tanf: Individual and Local Factors and Their Differential Influence Across Racial Groups
Objective. We ask whether individual and local factors known to influence reliance on welfare continue to be important under the TANF program, and if such factors differentially affect exit from TANF for African Americans and whites. Methods. We use monthly administrative data on TANF recipients from October 1996 to July 2004 from the Mississippi Department of Human Services. These data are linked to local economic, social, and spatial characteri…
Does Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction Affect How Much Youth in Rural Pennsylvania Like Their Community
Prior research on the impacts of boomtowns on youth provides mixed results. Recent qualitative work suggests youth are ambivalent about change associated with extraction of natural gas from the Marcellus Shale. The Rural Youth Education longitudinal study of youth in rural Pennsylvania provides a unique opportunity to examine youth views about their communities before and during development of the Marcellus Shale. We use two waves of data from 10…
Returns vs. Endowments in the Earnings Attainment Process for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Men and Women1
Three explanations typically are offered for differences in earnings: (1) individuals have different levels of human capital and hold different jobs (endowments differ), (2) rewards to human capital and job characteristics differ (returns differ), and (3) some combination of differences in endowments and returns explain variations in earnings. We argue that the structure of labor markets in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas differs from that in me…
Local Marriage Markets and the Marital Behavior of Black and White Women
Previous research has typically ignored the spatial dimension of marriage markets, focusing instead on highly aggregated data or on individual models of entry into marriage. A basic premise of this study is that national marriage rates are played out across local marriage-market areas that define female opportunities for marriage. Using local area data from the newly released 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample (D file), the article provides a direc…
Race and the Retreat From Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men
We provide a search-theoretic model of the transition to first marriage among young [black and white] women in the United States. We measure directly the pool of unmarried men relative to unmarried women in local marriage markets as well as the economic attractiveness of available men for each unmarried woman in the NLSY [National Longitudinal Survey of Youth]....Our event-history analysis evaluates the contextual effects of marriage market condi…
Some Women Marry Young: Transitions to First Marriage in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
Diane K. McLaughlin, Daniel T. Lichter, Gail M. Johnston, Some Women Marry Young: Transitions to First Marriage in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Nov., 1993), pp. 827-838
Forgotten Places: Uneven Development in Rural America
On the surface they look very different rugged northern New England with its primarily White population, the arid Lower Rio Grande Valley inhabited mainly by Hispanics, the green and humid Mississippi Delta with a mix of Black and White residents. But when it comes to economics, they have much in common fortune passed them by. Along with other predominantly rural regions, these areas have fallen behind the rest of the United States in many ways, …
Changing Linkages Between Work and Poverty in Rural America1
The changing relationship between work and poverty in non-metropolitan (nonmetro) America is documented using data from the 1980 and 1990 March supplements of the Current Population Survey. Specifically, this paper assesses changing differentials in the proportion of poor people who are working; documents the rapid rise in poverty among nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) workers during the 1979-1989 period, especially among young adults and female…
Changing Economic Opportunities, Family Structure, and Poverty in Rural Areas1
Instrustrial restructuring in the 1980s ushered in a new pattern of growing economic diversity over geographic space. The objective of this study is to examine the extent and etiology of changing spatial inequality between and within metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas, as measured by increasing or decreasing county poverty rates. Results based on data from the 1980 and 1990 census summary tape files suggest several conclusi…
Becoming Poor: The Experiences of Elders1
Elderly Americans residing in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas have higher poverty prevalence than their metropolitan (metro) counterparts. Data from both the response and nonresponse files of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1988 wave) are analyzed to establish the extent to which this disadvantage also occurs in the length of poverty spells and the risk of becoming poor at older ages. Specifically, for individuals aged 55 and older Kaplan-Me…
Geographic Methods for Health Services Research: A Focus on the Rural-Urban Continuum
Family migration and changes in women's earnings: A decomposition analysis
Poverty and the Marital Behavior of Young Women
DIANE K. McLAuGHLiN The Pennsylvania State University DANIEL.L T. LICHTER The Pennsylvania State University* Marriage provides one route out of poverty and long-term reliance on welfare, yet little is known about the factors that encourage or impede marriage among poor, young women. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine first marriage transitions for poor young women and young women who are not poor. We find that t…
Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context
Lower mortality for older rural Americans, compared to urban residents, runs counter to rural-urban disparities in health care services and residents' socioeconomic resources. This paradox calls into question the ways in which community conditions influence mortality and contextualize the relationship between individuals' socioeconomic status and health. Drawing on 24 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, we observe th…
Welfare and the Rise in Female-Headed Families
The article provides a bridge between recent marriage market research and studies of welfare incentive effects on U.S. family formation. Estimates from state and county fixed‐effects models indicate significant effects of changing state Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps, and Medicaid expenditure levels on county‐level changes in families headed by unmarried mothers. However, neither changing welfare benefit levels nor declining…
Rural Women's Economic Realities
The economic position of many elders has improved over the past few decades. Several groups of elders remain disadvantaged, however, including nonmetropolitan elders and women in any setting. This study examines differences in household income and poverty rates for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan women ages 55 and over in 1970, 1980 and 1990. Comparison of median incomes for women the same age across birth cohorts reveals that much of the improv…
Economic Restructuring and Changing Prevalence of Female-headed Families in America1
Industrial restructuring has altered economic circumstances in the U.S., but the influences of these changes on family structure are not clear. This study examines whether industrial restructuring influences female headship and whether these effects differ in nonmetro and metro counties. Results based on data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing Summary Tape Files indicate several conclusions. First, female headed househol…
Residence and Income Inequality: Effects on Mortality Among U.S. Counties
Despite lower average incomes, greater percentages living in poverty, lower levels of health insurance, less preventive health care, and poorer health status, nonmetropolitan residents have been found to experience lower mortality than their metropolitan counterparts. Several pathways through which residence influences mortality have been proposed. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of income inequality on residential different…
Income Inequality and Mortality in US Counties: Does Minority Racial Concentration Matter
This study examined (1) the relationship between income inequality and mortality among all counties in the contiguous United States to ascertain whether the relationships found for states and metropolitan areas extend to smaller geographic units and (2) the influence of minority racial concentration on the inequality–mortality linkage. Methods. This county-level ecologic analysis used data from the Compressed Mortality Files and the US Census. We…
Changing Income Inequality in Nonmetropolitan Counties, 1980 to 1990
Income inequality has been increasing across the United States, but little is known about changing income inequality in nonmetropolitan counties. Data from the 1980 and 1990 Summary Tape Files of the U.S. Census of Population and Housing are used to estimate ordinary least squares models of change in income inequality. Household income inequality increased in a smaller share of nonmetro than metro counties from 1980 to 1990, and increases in inco…
Economic Restructuring and the Retreat from Marriage
Tanf Participation Rates: Do Community Conditions Matter
A general criticism of the 1996 Welfare Reform Act is that it is primarily the result of an urban political agenda, and it may hurt rather than help the rural poor. Under the new welfare system, the rural poor that are most likely to be affected are those who live in socially, economically, and spatially disadvantaged communities. More residents in these communities are likely to need TANF, clients in these communities are least likely to leave T…
Female-Headed Families and Poverty in Rural America
Employing data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 March supplements of the Current Population Surveys, this study examines changing household and family structure in metro and nonmetro areas and corresponding changes in poverty, emphasizing female-headed families with children under age 18. We also pay particular attention to the structure and economic conditions of subfamilies with children during this period. Household and family structure in suburb…
Exiting Tanf: Individual and Local Factors and Their Differential Influence Across Racial Groups
Objective. We ask whether individual and local factors known to influence reliance on welfare continue to be important under the TANF program, and if such factors differentially affect exit from TANF for African Americans and whites. Methods. We use monthly administrative data on TANF recipients from October 1996 to July 2004 from the Mississippi Department of Human Services. These data are linked to local economic, social, and spatial characteri…
Household Composition and Poverty among Female-Headed Households with Children: Differences by Race and Residence
We examine race and residential variation in the prevalence of female-headed households with children and how household composition is associated with several key economic well-being outcomes using data from the 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample of the U.S. Census. Special attention is paid to cohabiting female-headed households with children and those that are headed by a single grandmother caring for at least one grandchild, because these are…
Nonstandard Employment in the Nonmetropolitan United States
We examine the prevalence of nonstandard employment in the nonmetropolitan United States using the Current Population Survey Supplement on Contingent Work (1999 and 2001). We find that nonstandard work is more prevalent in nonmetropolitan than in central city or suburban areas. Logistic regression models controlling for sociode-mographic and work characteristics, show that nonmetropolitan workers experience higher odds of nonstandard employment t…
Differential Neonatal and Postneonatal Infant Mortality Rates Across US Counties: The Role of Socioeconomic Conditions and Rurality
Purpose: To examine differences in correlates of neonatal and postneonatal infant mortality rates, across counties, by degree of rurality. Methods: Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates were calculated from the 1998 to 2002 Compressed Mortality Files from the National Center for Health Statistics. Bivariate analyses assessed the relationship between neonatal and postneonatal mortality by Urban Influence (UI) codes. Multivariable, weighted lea…
Economics (24 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Economic growth (20 works) · Geography (20 works) · Demographic economics (19 works) · Demography (17 works) · Political science (15 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (13 works) · Demography (12 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (12 works)