A J Stewart
Biographic Data
| ID | 9283 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A J Stewart |
| GIVEN NAMES | A J |
| FAMILY NAME | Stewart |
| SIGNATURE | STEWART A J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4736-0815 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 115 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 691 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 115 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Leadership Experiences and Perceptions of Mid-Career to Senior Clinician-Scientists: A Qualitative Exploration
Transforming the World”: Using Research to Learn From Activists
In this paper, I use evidence from the Global Feminisms Project (GFP) online archive to address three key questions: (1) How are activists created? (2) How do negative stereotypes affect activists? (3) How has the global decline in democracy affected collective action promoting social justice? Social scientists have addressed all of these issues with different kinds of data, often with samples from the United States that include both activists an…
Pubertal Timing, Perceived Social Support, and Self-Esteem Among Sexual Minority and Straight Youth
Self-esteem is crucial for overall well-being and develops amid a complex web of social and biological changes across adolescence and into young adulthood. This study examines how perceived social support and pubertal timing in adolescence relate to young adult self-esteem disparities based on gender/sex and sexual orientation. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 1,144; 76.57% young women, 50% sexual…
The hidden cues of social class: What do people rely on when determining someone else's social class
We aimed to understand the cues individuals use to assess social class, and their relation to social theories. Participant ( N = 235) open‐ended survey responses were coded in response to the following: “ If you can at least sometimes tell if someone is (#1) working‐class/poor OR (#2) middle‐/upper‐class, how can you tell? What are all of the characteristics, behaviors, and/or other indicators that communicate their social class to you?” Based on…
The baggage and the benefits that travel with the F word: Transnational feminism and its discontents
We examined how locally situated and transnationally circulated meanings of feminism interact forming implicit cultural meanings, and how these meanings about feminism appear in women's accounts of their own work and identifications. Using twenty‐four oral histories, we identified four implicit cultural meanings about feminism: (1) “Mainstream” feminism is/as white and middle‐class; (2) Feminists are lesbians; (3) Feminism is/as hostile to men; a…
The Disproportionate Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Time Allocation of Recipients of NIH Career Development Awards Who Are Women or Caregivers of Dependents
Mind-Body Dualism, Health, and Well-being in University Students
Mind-body dualism conceptualizes mind and body as distinct, but there are different ways that dualism may be instantiated. In this study, we examined how Hierarchical Dualism (the belief that mind and body are distinct, and the mind is superior) and Mutual-Influence Dualism (the belief that mind and body are separate but interrelate) related to health behaviors and mental health in three student samples: exclusively queer, exclusively straight, a…
Body Image Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: An Intersectional Analysis
Body image is consequential for overall well-being and has a complex relation to gender. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals develop body image amid intersecting systems of oppression, such as sexism, cisnormativity, heteronormativity, and gender binary pressures. This study used an intersectionality framework to examine how various aspects of gender identification (cis/trans, binary/nonbinary, woman/man identification) related to body i…
Women's Movement Activism in Authoritarian States: Lessons from the Global Feminisms Project
In this article we examine three transnational women’s movements in countries currently led by dictators—Nicaragua, Russia, and China—to uncover lessons they might offer feminist activists across the world as authoritarian regimes increase in the context of globalization. Although the rise in feminist action within these countries paralleled social movement mobilization elsewhere, what distinguishes feminist activism in these three countries is t…
Becoming Jane Barney: Developing a generative identity as an engaged citizen
OBJECTIVE: We propose that analysis of the life of Jane Lockwood Barney provides insight into the notion of a "generative identity"-an integrated sense of self constructed around caring for others and the world. During her 104 years, the socially prescribed roles for women grew in range; Barney's own roles included minister's wife, mother of four, theological philosopher, social work student and professional, and community activist. We outline he…
When small acts are multiplied: Assessing everyday social justice behaviors
Using the Act Frequency Approach, we drew on majority White, U.S. samples to create a new measure of social justice behavior and examine its correlates. Although existing measures of social justice behavior focus on engagement in collective action, participants in Study 1 (n = 137) were encouraged to nominate and evaluate a broad set of acts relevant to their daily lives. The final 17-item Everyday Social Justice Behavior (ESJB) scale reflects a …
Vulnerability and empowerment on the ground: Activist perspectives from the global feminisms project
Vulnerability is a standard criterion used by state and non-governmental organizations to identify groups of people in need of protection or support. Over the past two decades, however, this notoriously ill-defined and potentially stigmatizing term has been subjected to scrutiny by researchers, service providers, and theorists across multiple disciplines. This study examines the relevance of vulnerability to the ways international feminist activi…
Their Great Shame is Poverty”: Women Portrayed as Among the “Undeserving Poor” are Seen as Deserving Sexual Assault
Student experiences of the Covid‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from first‐generation/lower‐income students and others
Twenty‐eight University of Michigan students (12 first‐generation/low‐income and 16 from more educated, affluent families) were invited online to provide open‐ended responses and photographs representative of their experiences during COVID‐19, in a modified Photovoice approach. Given the literature, we expected that cultural mismatch, class stereotypes, and relative deprivation would be relevant features of the accounts of self‐identified first‐g…
Gender stereotypes, class, and race in attributions of blame for women's gender‐linked mistreatment
In two survey experiments, three types of gender‐based mistreatment, social class and race of the target, and gender‐linked stereotypes of respectability (sexualization and irresponsibility) were assessed in relation to victim blame attribution. U.S. participants (Study 1: N = 416; Study 2: N = 300) read a vignette about a woman described as working‐ or middle‐class, as Black or white, and as having experienced sexual assault, sexual harassment, …
Gendered Impact of Caregiving Responsibilities on Tenure Track Faculty Parents’ Professional Lives
Devilish details: The importance of marginalia in personality research
The best little kid in the world: Internalized sexual stigma and extrinsic contingencies of self‐worth, work values, and life aspirations among men and women
According to “the Best Little Boy in the World Hypothesis” many gay men exhibit a drive to excel in achievement‐related areas of life, as a way to avoid staking self‐worth on domains where others’ rejection could negatively affect them. Pachankis and Hatzenbuehler's (2013) research supported this hypothesis among men. We expand on this research and hypothesized that internalized sexual stigma would be associated with achievement‐related contingen…
Managing the career effects of discrimination and motherhood: The role of collegial support for a caregiving policy at a research-intensive U.S. university
Implementing and encouraging use of policies aimed at creating an equitable higher education workplace for women academics can be challenging. Often, policy usage may be avoided due to stigma or fear of being seen as not committed to one’s workplace, especially for expectant mothers. In the present study, we examined how collegial support for using a tenure clock extension policy affects pre-tenure women’s career outcomes. Among pre-tenure women …
Trust and tribulation: Racial identity centrality, institutional trust, and support for candidates in the 2020 US presidential election
We examined how racial‐ethnic identity centrality, or the importance of race/ethnicity in people's self‐perceptions, affected peoples’ support for the Democratic and Republican candidates in the 2020 US election. We explored this association by examining the mediating role of trust in important social institutions. In Study 1, we examined these effects by comparing the pattern of relationships among people of color (POC) and white people, using a…
All immigrants are not alike: Intersectionality matters in views of immigrant groups
In two studies, we investigated how intersecting social categories shape views of immigrants in the United States. In Study 1, we analyzed 310 attributes generated by 92 participants for the category of immigrant and 30 additional immigrant groups with intersecting social categories (e.g. “undocumented immigrant”) reflecting various levels of social status. Using the Meaning Extraction Method (MEM) and factor analysis to examine shared meanings, …
Stereotypes in Attributions About Women’s Gender-Based Mistreatment
Using an intersectional framework, we assessed how gender stereotypes applied to women with different race and class identities who experienced gender-based mistreatment. Thematic content analysis of 238 responses to a woman in a vignette, who varied in terms of race and class, revealed three themes: action or inaction, living conditions, and education. Sexual assault drew significantly more comments about the woman's actions and inaction than se…
Latina farmworkers' experiences: Maintaining dignity in an oppressive workplace
Farmworkers in the United States support the billion‐dollar agriculture industry, but they and their work are largely undervalued and ignored. While workplace research has thoroughly examined mistreatment at work, there is little research that delves into non‐traditional workplaces–like those that employ farmworkers. Moreover, a focus on women farmworkers is even rarer, given that farmwork is a field dominated by men. However, an intersectional a…
Making and Regulating Business Judgment: Judicial Practice, Logics, and Orders
Chapter 11 is about judicial practice in litigation brought against directors of a company, Continental Assurance of London (Continental). The chapter utilizes the “judgment,” a contemporaneous text of the legal ruling in which the judge explains the reasoning behind his decision. By drawing on a judge’s narrative account, and combining it with social, organizational, and legal theorizing, the chapter demonstrates how individual action is connect…
Level of choice in older women’s decisions to retire or continue working and associated well-being
Retirement is a complex life transition. Women's retirement, like their work lives, may be further complicated, for example, by family or financial obligations; they may feel forced to retire or to continue working or feel they have the choice to do so. This study examines the role of voluntary versus involuntary retirement or continued work participation among retirement-age women; specifically, the relationships between choice, work status, and…
The Climate for Women in Academic Science: The Good, the Bad, and the Changeable
Deficits theory posits that women scientists have not yet achieved parity with men scientists because of structural aspects of the scientific environment that provide them with fewer opportunities and more obstacles than men. The current study of 208 faculty women scientists tested this theory by examining the effect of personal negative experiences and perceptions of the workplace climate on job satisfaction, felt influence, and productivity. Hi…
Women or feminists? Assessing women's group consciousness
Personal Political Salience: The Role of Personality in Collective Identity and Action
Personal political salience(PPS) is proposed as a personality characteristic that assesses individuals' linkage of political events with their personal identities. Its role in facilitating the development of politicized collective identity and action is examined. In four samples of midlife and activist women, we show that PPS was consistently related both to politicized gender identity and political participation. Further analyses show similar re…
Does Family Structure Matter? A Comparison of Adoptive, Two-Parent Biological, Single-Mother, Stepfather, and Stepmother Households
Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, we compared quality of family relationships and well-being across five different family structures with a particular focus on adoptive households. Four theoretical perspectives, each emphasizing the importance of different factors in determining relationship quality and well-being, guided this work and led us to compare adoptive families with families that include two biological pare…
Women and the Social Movements of the 1960s: Activists, Engaged Observers, and Nonparticipants
Many women in the generation that attended college during the 1960s have reported that they were influenced by the social movements of that era, even women who did not participate in them. In addition to political activists, social movements also appear to include “engaged observers”—individuals who are attentive to movement writings and activities, and express moral and even financial support for them, but who take no other action. Although acti…
Challenging the Status Quo: The Role of Intersectional Awareness in Activism for Social Change and Pro-Social Intergroup Attitudes
Intersectionality theory is increasingly seen as a valuable tool for understanding and contextualizing the complexity of individual lives. However, psychologists have generally focused on intersectionality as defining a social location rather than as an individual difference that affects social attitudes and behavior. Using secondary data analyses from three separate studies, we examined the antecedents and implications of intersectional awarenes…
Meanings of political participation among Black and White women: Political identity and social responsibility
Don’t Ever Forget Now, You’re a Black Man in America”: Intersections of Race, Class and Gender In Encounters with the Police
Privileged Allies in Lesbian and Gay Rights Activism: Gender, Generation, and Resistance to Heteronormativity
In two studies, we examined the relationship between resistance to heteronormativity and political engagement among heterosexuals. In the first, we examined the relationship between awareness of heterosexual privilege, resistance to heteronormativity, and engagement in lesbian and gay rights activism among contemporary heterosexual college students. As expected, women scored higher than men on both heterosexual privilege awareness and resistance …
Approaches to Studying Racism and Sexism in Black Women's Lives
Invidious Comparisons: Imagining a Psychology of Race and Gender Beyond Differences
Within psychology there is a longstanding debate concerning whether large, fundamental differences between races and genders exist. Much of this research involves comparisons that are invidious (offensively discriminating) and supports a political ideology in which members of different groups are held to be fundamentally different, alien, and therefore destined to different spheres. In this paper, specific factors are identified that make researc…
Voice Matters: Buffering the Impact of a Negative Climate for Women in Science
The current study examined whether women scientists' perceptions of voice moderate the impact of poor workplace climates on job satisfaction and whether effective leadership and mentoring promote women's voice. Survey data were collected from 135 faculty women in the natural sciences. The results from multiple regression analyses indicated that negative (e.g., sexist, hostile) departmental climates were related to lower job satisfaction. However,…
Social Class, Social Change, and Gender: Working-Class Women at Radcliffe and After
This article explores the implications of social class background in the lives of women who attended Radcliffe College in the late 1940s and in the early 1960s. Viewing social classes as “cultures” with implications for how individuals understand their worlds, we examined social class background and cohort differences in women's experiences at Radcliffe, their adult life patterns, their constructions of women's roles, and the influence of the wom…
Thinking She Could be the Next President”: Why Identifying with the Curriculum Matters
Researchers have demonstrated that Women's Studies courses can influence changes in beliefs about women, yet there is relatively little research on the impact of introducing material about women into mainstream curriculum. The current study examines the effects of introducing women exemplars into a course that is not identified as “Women's Studies.” Students enrolled in a political psychology course all attended the same lectures and were assigne…
I Never Think about My Race: Psychological Features of White Racial Identities
This study examines the ways that middle-aged white adults in a midwestern city talk about their own racial identity. Because race is a social identity that is so often viewed as “belonging” to people of color, this study assesses the ways that white participants responded to interview questions that asked specifically about racial identity. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with white graduates of the same high school in the Midwest when th…
Evaluating the Feminist Challenge to Research in Personality and Social Psychology: 1963–1983
Multiple indices for evaluating the feminist challenge in psychology are identified, and provide a context for discussing selected aspects of research in personality and social psychology that reflect the impact of feminism on psychology. Women's involvement in the research process, the types of research methods used, and substantive concerns were examined in selected issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology between 1963 and 198…
Fostering Academic Self-Concept: Advisor Support and Sense of Belonging Among International and Domestic Graduate Students
International doctoral students in the United States face challenges of acculturation in academia yet complete graduate school at higher rates and more quickly than their domestic counterparts. This study examined advisor support, sense of belonging, and academic self-concept among international and domestic doctoral students at a research university in the Midwestern United States. International students placed a higher value on research-related…
My Family Matters: Gender and Perceived Support for Family Commitments and Satisfaction in Academia Among Postdocs and Faculty in STEMM and Non-STEMM Fields
One reason for women’s absence in science, technology, engineering, math, and medical science (STEMM) disciplines is the perceived incompatibility of having a family and a science career. However, little is known about the climate surrounding support for balancing work and family responsibilities for STEMM and non-STEMM scholars at the postdoctoral training level. In Study 1, we examined the relationship between STEMM and non-STEMM postdocs’ perc…
Life stress, life-styles, depression, and illness in adult women
The relationships between life stress and depression and physical illness were investigated in a sample of 122 normal adult women. Results indicated that life stress was associated with both illness and depression in this sample but that both type of stress and life-style were important moderators of these relationships. Thus, work stresses were associated with illness (not depression), and the relationship between life stress and illness was str…
Identity in three cohorts of midlife women
To study similarities and differences in personality across historical periods, ego identity patterns, assessed by Q-sort prototypes, were compared in longitudinal samples of midlife women who had been young adults in the 1950s, early 1960s, and late 1960s. Identity pattern had similar relationships across sample with vector dimensions of the California Psychological Inventory but was related to work and family outcomes only in the younger cohort…
Generativity and social motives in young adults
Different forms of generativity described in the writings of E. H. Erikson (1950/1963) and J. Kotre (1984) were related to agentic and communal motives in a sample of young adults (M=28 years old). For women, the power motive related to parenting, whereas the achievement motive was associated with forms of generative expression outside of the household. The opposite pattern of achievement and power motive relationships was found for men, although…
Husband's motives and wife's career level
Conceptualizing lesbian sexual identity development: Narrative accounts of socializing structures and individual decisions and actions
Many theories have aimed to chart lesbian, gay and bisexual identity development. These include traditional developmental models as well as newer approaches designed to capture a more fluid, multidimensional trajectory, both of which have tended to neglect the role of intersectional identities, context and individual variation in lesbian identity development. This study used inductive research methods, informed by grounded theory, to examine lesb…
Longitudinal studies of psychological consequences of life changes in children and adults
Personality and Situation in the Prediction of Women's Life Patterns
The present study examined the importance of both personality variables and family situational variables in determining the career activities of young women. In a longitudinal design, family situational variables producing constraint (marriage and children) predicted strongly negatively both career persistence and career activity pattern. Within various family situations, two personality variables—Self-definition and the need for Achievement—pred…
Self-definition and social definition in women1
Socialization and themes in popular drama: An analysis of the content of child‐rearing manuals and Don Juan plays in sixteenth to twentieth centuries
A content analysis is reported of child‐rearing manuals published in sixteenth to nineteenth centuries and of the themes of the Don Juan plays in seventeenth to twentieth centuries. The relationship between the content of the manuals and the themes of the plays supports the thesis that child‐rearing patterns advocated in one century are reflected in the next in the attitudes expressed in popular cultural activities towards aggression, achievement…
Coding Categories for the Study of Child-Rearing from Historical Sources
Abigail J. Stewart, David G. Winter, A. David Jones, Coding Categories for the Study of Child-Rearing from Historical Sources, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 5, No. 4, The History of the Family, II (Spring, 1975), pp. 687-701
The power motive in the dating couple
Husband's motives and wife's career level
The Nature and Causes of Female Suppression
Reply to Bald and Mukhopadhyay
Personality and Situation in the Prediction of Women's Life Patterns
The present study examined the importance of both personality variables and family situational variables in determining the career activities of young women. In a longitudinal design, family situational variables producing constraint (marriage and children) predicted strongly negatively both career persistence and career activity pattern. Within various family situations, two personality variables—Self-definition and the need for Achievement—pred…
Life stress, life-styles, depression, and illness in adult women
The relationships between life stress and depression and physical illness were investigated in a sample of 122 normal adult women. Results indicated that life stress was associated with both illness and depression in this sample but that both type of stress and life-style were important moderators of these relationships. Thus, work stresses were associated with illness (not depression), and the relationship between life stress and illness was str…
Studying Women in a Changing World: An Introduction
General issues involved in disentangling historical, cohort, developmental and other factors in change are discussed, with special reference to the study of women in a changing world. The advantages and disadvantages of the two major methods of study—panel or longitudinal studies and cross‐sectional {or successive cross‐sectional) studies—are presented, along with the opportunities and problems associated with secondary analysis of data collected…
Educated Women's Career Patterns: Separating Social and Developmental Changes
This paper presents a secondary analysis of selected work and family variables drawn from a longitudinal study of educated American women. In it, we attempt to separate the effects of normative social change, cohort‐specific change, and developmental or life cycle change. Comparisons within and across time indicate that some relations (for example, between marital status and number of children and labor force participation) may shift due to broad…
Adaptation to life changes in children and adults: Cross-sectional studies
The course of individual adaptation to life changes
The study of internal processes of adaptation to external life changes is presented as a concrete approach to studying one kind of person--situation interaction. Theoretical and empirical descriptions of the course of emotional adaptation to changes and reviewed. The empirical derivation and cross-validation of a measure of four stances in a sequence of emotional adaptation to the external environment are described. Then, the validity of the noti…
A New Case for the Liberal Arts: Assessing Institutional Goals and Student Development
Approaches to Studying Racism and Sexism in Black Women's Lives
A New Case for the Liberal Arts
This book grew out of the intesection of our personal experience of liberal education with our professional orientation as behavioral scientists
Conceptualizing gender in personality theory and research
Evaluating the Feminist Challenge to Research in Personality and Social Psychology: 1963–1983
Multiple indices for evaluating the feminist challenge in psychology are identified, and provide a context for discussing selected aspects of research in personality and social psychology that reflect the impact of feminism on psychology. Women's involvement in the research process, the types of research methods used, and substantive concerns were examined in selected issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology between 1963 and 198…
The Role of Personality Development and Experience in Shaping Political Commitment: An Illustrative Case
This paper highlights some complex relationships between personal experience and political behavior through a detailed analysis of the emergence and consolidation of political beliefs in one individual's life. We argue that conceptualization of the relationship between personal experience and political action should take account of (1) the centrality of political values in an individual's identity; (2) the individual's life stage and life history…
Longitudinal studies of psychological consequences of life changes in children and adults
The Changing Self: Using Personal Documents to Study Lives
In this paper we describe a technique for coding expressions of preoccupation with aspects of the adult self in personal documents and retrospective autobiographical writings In particular we explore the value of this approach by analyzing themes of identity, intimacy, and generativity expressed in Vera Brittain's diary and correspondence, written during her adolescence in World War I, and in her retrospective autobiographical account of that per…
Linking individual development and social changes
Linking individual development and social changes
Letters From V: Adolescent Personality Development in Sociohistorical Context
Systematic content analysis of personal documents is used to assess the course of personality development in one adolescent female exposed to traumatic historical and personal events, as well as more normative life changes Seventy‐one letters written by a young girl to her former teacher over a 9‐year period comprise the data for this study. Our analyses assess the normal developmental processes of preoccupation with identity formation and the es…
Midlife Women's Political Consciousness: Case Studies of Psychosocial Development and Political Commitment
Midlife women's political consciousness may be importantly influenced by a preoccupation with generativity. Analysis of three case studies suggests the importance of several elements for a developmental perspective on women's (and perhaps men's) midlife political activity: childhood family political ideology; earlier adolescent and adult political activity; influences of particular social and historical events at different developmental stages; a…
Psychology (103 works) · Social Psychology (83 works) · Sociology (76 works) · Social Psychology (54 works) · Gender Studies (45 works) · Political science (45 works) · Developmental psychology (43 works) · Gender Studies (33 works) · Law (25 works) · Personality (24 works)