Kristie L Poole
Biographic Data
| ID | 929479 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kristie L Poole |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kristie L |
| FAMILY NAME | Poole |
| SIGNATURE | POOLE K L |
| AFFILIATIONS | McMaster University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2360-9540 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
What Do We Think of Shy Adults? Influence of One's Own Shyness and Sociability
OBJECTIVE: Shyness is a ubiquitous personality characteristic present across historical time and cultures. Yet, little is known about perceptions of shy adults in Western society. We examined emerging adults' perceptions of shy and sociable women and whether one's own personality influenced their perceptions. METHOD: = 19.07 years) were randomized to read a vignette describing either a prototypical shy woman or a prototypical sociable woman and r…
Generational Trends in Children’s Shyness
Children’s sharing behavior with an unfamiliar peer across repeated social interactions
We examined children's patterns of sharing behavior with a peer across repeated social interactions. Children aged 9-12 years old ( N = 186; M = 10.72 years, SD = 1.09; 108 females; 75.7% White) were matched with a same-age, same-sex, unfamiliar peer, and the dyad completed structured and unstructured tasks during three online sessions across 1 month. At the end of each session, children independently and anonymously participated in a task to ass…
Caring Too Much or Too Little? Relations Among Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Empathy, and Prosociality in Emerging Adulthood
Most previous work examining relations between social withdrawal and social cognition has focused primarily on empathy‐related behaviors in shy children. However, there are different underlying reasons to withdraw from social interactions, which may be differentially related to aspects of social cognition throughout the lifespan. The present study investigated relations among the different motivations for social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, avoidan…
Latent profiles of children's shyness
Shyness can manifest on behavioral, affective, and physiological levels, but little is known about how these components cluster. We coded behavioral expressions of avoidance/inhibition, collected self-reported nervousness, and measured cardiac vagal withdrawal in 152 children (M age = 7.82 years, 73 girls, 82% White) to a speech task in 2018–2021. A latent profile analysis using these behavioral, affective, and physiological indicators revealed f…
Social Cognitive Correlates of Contagious Yawning and Smiling
Trajectories of socially anxious behavior from age 5 to 13
The authors examined temperamental and sociocognitive predictors of socially anxious behavior from preschool to early adolescence. Children (N = 227; 59% male; 69% White) completed a speech task at ages 5, 7, 10, and 13 and socially anxious behaviors were coded. Behavioral inhibition (BI) was assessed at ages 2/3 and Theory of Mind (ToM) was assessed at age 4. Data collection occurred between 2003 and 2016. Three trajectories of socially anxious …
Shyness, self-focused attention, and behavioral mimicry during social interaction
Temperamental Shyness, Frontal EEG Theta/Beta Ratio, and Social Anxiety in Children
The authors examined how children’s frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) theta/beta ratio—an index of neurocognitive control—changed from baseline to a social stressor, and whether these EEG changes moderated the relation between temperament and anxiety. Children (N = 152; Mage = 7.82 years, 52% male, 81% White) had their EEG recorded during a baseline and speech anticipation condition. Children’s frontal theta/beta ratio decreased from baseline to…
While a shy child waits
Shyness is a temperament characterized by wariness to social novelty and perceived social evaluation. However, we know relatively little about temperamentally shy children's psychophysiological and affective responses during different phases of social stressors. We examined whether children's temperamental shyness was related to distinct patterns of autonomic and affective responses across three conditions: baseline, speech anticipation, and spee…
Approach-avoidance conflict and shyness
One long-standing theoretical model of shyness proposes that the origins and maintenance of shyness are associated with an approach-avoidance motivational conflict (Asendorpf, 1990), such that shy individuals are motivated to socially engage (high approach motivation) but are too anxious to do so (high avoidance motivation). However, this model has not been empirically tested in predicting the development of shyness. In two separate longitudinal …
Positive Shyness in the Brain
Positive shyness is thought to be an approach-dominant form of shyness, whereas non-positive shyness is thought to be an avoidance-dominant form of shyness. This study examined electrocortical and behavioral correlates of motivation and emotion in relation to these shy subtypes in 67 children (Mage = 10.41 years, SD = 3.23). Using resting state electroencephalography, findings revealed that positive shy and low shy children had greater relative l…
Trajectories of Observed Shyness and Psychosocial Adjustment in Children
Shyness and sociability among extremely low birth weight survivors in the third and fourth decades of life
OBJECTIVE: We examined differences between the oldest known longitudinally followed cohort of extremely low birth weight survivors (ELBW; 2,500 grams) control participants on shyness and sociability, as well as conflicted shyness in adulthood across nearly a decade from their 20s to 30s. METHOD: 100 ELBW survivors and 88 NBW control participants self-reported on shyness and sociability using the Cheek and Buss (1981; Cheek, 1983) shyness and soci…
Personality and opponent processes
The opponent process theory of emotion posits that emotional states evoke opposite emotion states as they wane, resulting in sequential approach and withdrawal motivations. However, whether opponent processes are associated with individual differences in personality remains an empirical question. Using visual afterimage responses to emotional faces as an index of opponent processes, we found that young adults (N = 101; Mage = 19.41 years, SD = 2.…
Smiling through the shyness
Most research treats shyness as a homogenous phenomenon when examining its correlates and consequences, which limits the identification of specific groups of shy children who may be at differential risk for maladaptive social outcomes. Here, we examined whether different types of shyness were uniquely associated with social adjustment and physiological stress reactivity in school-age children (n = 92; Mage = 7.47 years; SD = 2.23 years). During t…
Approach-avoidance conflict and shyness
One long-standing theoretical model of shyness proposes that the origins and maintenance of shyness are associated with an approach-avoidance motivational conflict (Asendorpf, 1990), such that shy individuals are motivated to socially engage (high approach motivation) but are too anxious to do so (high avoidance motivation). However, this model has not been empirically tested in predicting the development of shyness. In two separate longitudinal …
Smiling through the shyness
Most research treats shyness as a homogenous phenomenon when examining its correlates and consequences, which limits the identification of specific groups of shy children who may be at differential risk for maladaptive social outcomes. Here, we examined whether different types of shyness were uniquely associated with social adjustment and physiological stress reactivity in school-age children (n = 92; Mage = 7.47 years; SD = 2.23 years). During t…
Shyness and sociability among extremely low birth weight survivors in the third and fourth decades of life
OBJECTIVE: We examined differences between the oldest known longitudinally followed cohort of extremely low birth weight survivors (ELBW; 2,500 grams) control participants on shyness and sociability, as well as conflicted shyness in adulthood across nearly a decade from their 20s to 30s. METHOD: 100 ELBW survivors and 88 NBW control participants self-reported on shyness and sociability using the Cheek and Buss (1981; Cheek, 1983) shyness and soci…
Personality and opponent processes
The opponent process theory of emotion posits that emotional states evoke opposite emotion states as they wane, resulting in sequential approach and withdrawal motivations. However, whether opponent processes are associated with individual differences in personality remains an empirical question. Using visual afterimage responses to emotional faces as an index of opponent processes, we found that young adults (N = 101; Mage = 19.41 years, SD = 2.…
Positive Shyness in the Brain
Positive shyness is thought to be an approach-dominant form of shyness, whereas non-positive shyness is thought to be an avoidance-dominant form of shyness. This study examined electrocortical and behavioral correlates of motivation and emotion in relation to these shy subtypes in 67 children (Mage = 10.41 years, SD = 3.23). Using resting state electroencephalography, findings revealed that positive shy and low shy children had greater relative l…
Trajectories of Observed Shyness and Psychosocial Adjustment in Children
Temperamental Shyness, Frontal EEG Theta/Beta Ratio, and Social Anxiety in Children
The authors examined how children’s frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) theta/beta ratio—an index of neurocognitive control—changed from baseline to a social stressor, and whether these EEG changes moderated the relation between temperament and anxiety. Children (N = 152; Mage = 7.82 years, 52% male, 81% White) had their EEG recorded during a baseline and speech anticipation condition. Children’s frontal theta/beta ratio decreased from baseline to…
While a shy child waits
Shyness is a temperament characterized by wariness to social novelty and perceived social evaluation. However, we know relatively little about temperamentally shy children's psychophysiological and affective responses during different phases of social stressors. We examined whether children's temperamental shyness was related to distinct patterns of autonomic and affective responses across three conditions: baseline, speech anticipation, and spee…
Approach-avoidance conflict and shyness
One long-standing theoretical model of shyness proposes that the origins and maintenance of shyness are associated with an approach-avoidance motivational conflict (Asendorpf, 1990), such that shy individuals are motivated to socially engage (high approach motivation) but are too anxious to do so (high avoidance motivation). However, this model has not been empirically tested in predicting the development of shyness. In two separate longitudinal …
Trajectories of socially anxious behavior from age 5 to 13
The authors examined temperamental and sociocognitive predictors of socially anxious behavior from preschool to early adolescence. Children (N = 227; 59% male; 69% White) completed a speech task at ages 5, 7, 10, and 13 and socially anxious behaviors were coded. Behavioral inhibition (BI) was assessed at ages 2/3 and Theory of Mind (ToM) was assessed at age 4. Data collection occurred between 2003 and 2016. Three trajectories of socially anxious …
Shyness, self-focused attention, and behavioral mimicry during social interaction
Latent profiles of children's shyness
Shyness can manifest on behavioral, affective, and physiological levels, but little is known about how these components cluster. We coded behavioral expressions of avoidance/inhibition, collected self-reported nervousness, and measured cardiac vagal withdrawal in 152 children (M age = 7.82 years, 73 girls, 82% White) to a speech task in 2018–2021. A latent profile analysis using these behavioral, affective, and physiological indicators revealed f…
Social Cognitive Correlates of Contagious Yawning and Smiling
What Do We Think of Shy Adults? Influence of One's Own Shyness and Sociability
OBJECTIVE: Shyness is a ubiquitous personality characteristic present across historical time and cultures. Yet, little is known about perceptions of shy adults in Western society. We examined emerging adults' perceptions of shy and sociable women and whether one's own personality influenced their perceptions. METHOD: = 19.07 years) were randomized to read a vignette describing either a prototypical shy woman or a prototypical sociable woman and r…
Generational Trends in Children’s Shyness
Children’s sharing behavior with an unfamiliar peer across repeated social interactions
We examined children's patterns of sharing behavior with a peer across repeated social interactions. Children aged 9-12 years old ( N = 186; M = 10.72 years, SD = 1.09; 108 females; 75.7% White) were matched with a same-age, same-sex, unfamiliar peer, and the dyad completed structured and unstructured tasks during three online sessions across 1 month. At the end of each session, children independently and anonymously participated in a task to ass…
Caring Too Much or Too Little? Relations Among Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Empathy, and Prosociality in Emerging Adulthood
Most previous work examining relations between social withdrawal and social cognition has focused primarily on empathy‐related behaviors in shy children. However, there are different underlying reasons to withdraw from social interactions, which may be differentially related to aspects of social cognition throughout the lifespan. The present study investigated relations among the different motivations for social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, avoidan…
Developmental psychology (16 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Anxiety (13 works) · Shyness (13 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (10 works) · Personality (8 works) · Psychiatry (7 works) · Temperament (7 works) · Social Psychology (6 works)