Martin Voracek
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 93139 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Martin Voracek |
| NOMBRES | Martin |
| APELLIDO | Voracek |
| FIRMA | VORACEK M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Vienna |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6109-6155 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 113 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 346 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 107 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 6 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Effects of Psychological Distance on Mental Abstraction
Construal-level theory (CLT) proposes that psychological distance influences the level of abstraction at which something is mentally construed: Things perceived as less probable (likelihood) or further away from the here (spatial distance), now (temporal distance), or self (social distance) are thought about more abstractly. In this international multilab study, we tested four basic hypotheses derived from core assumptions of CLT and explore pote…
Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in pediatric oncology and hematology
Macro-level determinants of nature connectedness
Nature connectedness is increasingly recognised as a causal issue in environmental crises and a powerful strategy for transformative change. However, little is known about how it varies across countries and the macro-level factors that influence the human–nature relationship at a societal level. Using a large dataset ( N = 56 968) from a diverse set of 61 countries, this study explored how both objective country-level indicators of the socio-ecol…
Text-mining obituaries between 1953 and 2019 revealed that women leaders are described increasingly like men leaders, but yet evaluated differently
Investigating object orientation effects across 18 languages
Mental simulation theories of language comprehension propose that people automatically create mental representations of objects mentioned in sentences. Mental representation is often measured with the sentence-picture verification task, wherein participants first read a sentence that implies the object property (i.e., shape and orientation). Participants then respond to an image of an object by indicating whether it was an object from the sentenc…
Mindfulness Predicts Mind Wandering and Differentially Affects Its Controllability in Everyday Life
It is currently unresolved whether control, or its lack, over mind wandering contributes to its associations with creativity.Mind wandering and mindfulness are seen as opposing constructs concerning the ability to remain undistracted and, at the same time, appear to have a complex relationship with one another and with creativity.This study investigated the influence of control on novelty and usefulness of thought content during mind wandering in…
Dr. Cinderella and the Bronze Artifact, Cardinal Napellus and the Copper Globe
Hitherto unnoticed similarities between two short stories by Gustav Meyrink and two of the most renowned and widely read ghost stories of M.R. James are detailed through comparative literary analysis. Specifically, one early occult horror tale of Meyrink, The Plants of Dr. Cinderella (1905), shows no less than about 15 congruences beneath the plot level (concerning specific story requisites) with M.R. James’s ‘Oh, Whistle, and I’ll Come to You, M…
Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios
OBJECTIVES: The contributions of latitude and ethnicity in the determination of cross-society differences in digit ratios are unclear. In India, different castes (endogamous groups) have been living in the same areas (villages or towns) for the last 1500 years and, therefore, these groups may have different gene pools without a latitude-related difference component. Thus, in the present study, we studied the effect of caste on digit ratios. We al…
Are Speeded Tests Unfair? Modeling the Impact of Time Limits on the Gender Gap in Mathematics
When cognitive and educational tests are administered under time limits, tests may become speeded and this may affect the reliability and validity of the resulting test scores. Prior research has shown that time limits may create or enlarge gender gaps in cognitive and academic testing. On average, women complete fewer items than men when a test is administered with a strict time limit, whereas gender gaps are frequently reduced when time limits …
Self-reported mindfulness accounts for the effects of mindfulness interventions and nonmindfulness controls on self-reported mental health
Author Correction
Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
“Kneweth one who makes these notes . . .”
Previous studies suggest that personality and individual difference traits are associated with aesthetic preferences, but have infrequently examined associations within specific genres or across media domains. We examined associations between the Big Five personality traits with preferences (i.e., liking) for two non-conventional genres of film and literature, namely nouveau roman and existentialism, in samples of 548 non-experts and 95 genre exp…
Mental health literacy of depression
The study of mental health literacy is well-developed, but the basic methodology used in this research (i.e., the use of text-based vignettes) has not changed substantively in over two decades of work. Here, we developed novel filmed disclosures to re-assess mental health literacy of depression in a preregistered study utilizing a randomized, fully within-subjects design. A total of 405 adults from Austria (57% women, age M = 32.5 years) viewed s…
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply
Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof an…
Association between suicide reporting in the media and suicide
Is Individualism Suicidogenic? Findings From a Multinational Study of Young Adults From 12 Countries
The associations of individualistic versus collectivistic value orientations with suicidal ideation and attempts, attitudes towards suicide and towards suicidal individuals, and psychological distress were investigated across 12 nations ( N = 5572 university students). We expected differential associations of value orientations with suicidal behavior and moderating effects of the prevailing value orientations in the various countries. Findings sh…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychological Research on Conspiracy Beliefs
The Role of Religion in Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress Among University Students
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating wi…
The Psychological Science Accelerator
Concerns about the veracity of psychological research have been growing. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across multiple lab sites, offers a pragmatic solution t…
An examination of the factorial and convergent validity of four measures of conspiracist ideation, with recommendations for researchers
A number scales have been developed to measure conspiracist ideation, but little attention has been paid to the factorial validity of these scales. We reassessed the psychometric properties of four widely-used scales, namely the Belief in Conspiracy Theories Inventory (BCTI), the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ), the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS), and the One-Item Conspiracy Measure (OICM). Eight-hundred-and-three U.S. adults …
Exploratory graph analysis
The estimation of the correct number of dimensions is a long-standing problem in psychometrics. Several methods have been proposed, such as parallel analysis (PA), Kaiser-Guttman's eigenvalue-greater-than-one rule, multiple average partial procedure (MAP), the maximum-likelihood approaches that use fit indexes as BIC and EBIC and the less used and studied approach called very simple structure (VSS). In the present paper a new approach to estimate…
Effects of muscle dysmorphia, social comparisons and body schema priming on desire for social interaction
This study showed that men with a risk for muscle dysmorphia appeared to be at higher risk for social withdrawal and that this is associated with social comparison tendencies. Future investigations on clinical populations are needed, for this population is highly prone to social isolation and negative outcomes related to it
Tax compliance across sociodemographic categories
Tax compliance varies across sociodemographic categories. However, research on the relationships between compliance and age, sex, education as well as income level shows inconsistent results, both regarding the direction of the relationship and its size. The current meta-analyses target to merge findings in survey studies on age, sex, education, and income and estimate the strength of the impact on compliance by taking into account geographical r…
Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures
Previous research suggested that sex differences in personality traits are larger in prosperous, healthy, and egalitarian cultures in which women have more opportunities equal with those of men. In this article, the authors report cross-cultural findings in which this unintuitive result was replicated across samples from 55 nations (N = 17,637). On responses to the Big Five Inventory, women reported higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion, agr…
Conspiracist ideation in Britain and Austria
Despite evidence of widespread belief in conspiracy theories, there remains a dearth of research on the individual difference correlates of conspiracist ideation. In two studies, we sought to overcome this limitation by examining correlations between conspiracist ideation and a range of individual psychological factors. In Study 1, 817 Britons indicated their agreement with conspiracist ideation concerning the July 7, 2005 (7/7), London bombings,…
Patterns and Universals of Adult Romantic Attachment Across 62 Cultural Regions
As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completedthe RelationshipQuestionnaire(RQ), a self-reportmeasure of adult romanticattachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions …
Associations among men's sexist attitudes, objectification of women, and their own drive for muscularity
The present study tested the hypothesis, derived from feminist perspectives on body image, that men’s greater endorsement of sexist attitudes and objectification of women would be associated with their own drive for muscularity. A total of 327 British men completed scales measuring their drive for muscularity, sexist attitudes, hostility toward women, objectification of women, and key demographics. Results showed that greater drive for muscularit…
Sex differences in tax compliance
Copycat effects after media reports on suicide
Psychometric Evaluation of the Tagalog and German Subjective Happiness Scales and a Cross-Cultural Comparison
Brief communication
Familial resemblance in the second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal androgen action, was studied in 1,260 individuals from 235 Austrian families. In agreement with findings from twin studies of 2D:4D, heritability estimates based on parent–child and full‐sib dyad similarity indicated substantial genetic contributions to trait expression (57% for right hand, 48% for left hand 2D:4D). Because twin studies have found nonadditive g…
Digit Ratio (2D
Success Is All in the Measures
Sex differences in responses to relationship threats in England and Romania
Prior research on sex differences in relationship jealousy and on reactions to third-party rivals has been conducted primarily within the U.S., Central Europe, and Asia. As these effects vary in magnitude across cultures, it is important to investigate both how these patterns differ across a wider range of cultures and the key mediating cultural variables. One hundred and fourteen English and 202 Romanian participants provided their reactions to …
Tax compliance across sociodemographic categories
Tax compliance varies across sociodemographic categories. However, research on the relationships between compliance and age, sex, education as well as income level shows inconsistent results, both regarding the direction of the relationship and its size. The current meta-analyses target to merge findings in survey studies on age, sex, education, and income and estimate the strength of the impact on compliance by taking into account geographical r…
Romantic jealousy in early adulthood and in later life
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply
Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof an…
Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
The Role of Religion in Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress Among University Students
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating wi…
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Suicidal Disclosures and Attitudes in Austrian and Turkish University Students
The prevalence of suicidal behavior and the nature of attitudes toward suicide differ in Austria and Turkey. To see if there were differences in disclosure, 351 Turkish and 310 Austrian students answered questions about disclosing suicidal thoughts. More Austrian than Turkish students reported suicidal ideation and believed that suicidal people disclose their plans, but suicidal disclosures were equally common in the two groups. Compared to Austr…
Sex Differences in Subjective Estimates of Non-Paternity Rates in Austria
Smart and Suicidal? The Social Ecology of Intelligence and Suicide in Austria
According to de Catanzaro's (1981) evolutionary theory of human suicide, a threshold intelligence is necessary for suicidality. A corollary deducible from this assertion is that intelligence and suicide mortality should be positively related. The present study tested de Catanzaro's corollary within a country. Using district-level IQ data of the entire non-institutionalized Austrian male year-of-birth cohort of 1969 who survived up to compulsory m…
Predictors of Suicide and Suicide Attempt in Subway Stations
Data are the Natural Enemy of Hypotheses
The influence of skin tone, body weight, and hair colour on perceptions of women's attractiveness and health
This study investigated the role of skin tone, hair colour, and body weight in perceptions of women's physical attractiveness and health. Four-hundred and thirty-six women and 423 men in eight distinct national settings on three continents rated a series of 18 female line drawings that varied in three levels of skin tone, two levels of hair colour, and three levels of body weight. Results showed significant cross-cultural differences in what was …
Marital Status as a Candidate Moderator Variable of Male–Female Differences in Sexual Jealousy
Evolutionary psychological theories predict pronounced and universal male-female differences in sexual jealousy. Recent cross-cultural research, using the forced-choice jealousy items pioneered by Buss, et al., 1992, repeatedly found a large sex differential on these self-report measures: men significantly more often than women choose their mate's imagined sexual infidelity to be more distressing or upsetting to them than an imagined emotional in…
Marital Status as a Candidate Moderator Variable of Male-Female Differences in Sexual Jealousy
Evolutionary psychological theories predict pronounced and universal male–female differences in sexual jealousy. Recent cross-cultural research, using the forced-choice jealousy items pioneered by Buss, et al., 1992, repeatedly found a large sex differential on these self-report measures: men significantly more often than women choose their mate's imagined sexual infidelity to be more distressing or upsetting to them than an imagined emotional in…
Sex differences in responses to relationship threats in England and Romania
Prior research on sex differences in relationship jealousy and on reactions to third-party rivals has been conducted primarily within the U.S., Central Europe, and Asia. As these effects vary in magnitude across cultures, it is important to investigate both how these patterns differ across a wider range of cultures and the key mediating cultural variables. One hundred and fourteen English and 202 Romanian participants provided their reactions to …
Romantic jealousy in early adulthood and in later life
Patterns and Universals of Adult Romantic Attachment Across 62 Cultural Regions
As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completedthe RelationshipQuestionnaire(RQ), a self-reportmeasure of adult romanticattachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions …
National Intelligence, Suicide Rate in the Elderly, and a Threshold Intelligence for Suicidality
Across 85 countries around the world, Voracek (2004) found a significant positive relation between estimated national intelligence (IQ) and national male and female suicide rate. The relation was not attenuated when countries’ per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and type of national IQ estimation were statistically controlled. Independently, investigating the total national suicide rate only, Lester (2003) arrived at the same conclusion. Thes…
Personenlexikon der Psychotherapie
Clark and Hatfield's Evidence of Women's Low Receptivity to Male Strangers' Sexual Offers Revisited
Although frequently cited, there has been no published scientific replication of Clark and Hatfield's (1989) and Clark's (1990) findings concerning women's low receptivity to male strangers' offers of casual sex. Consistently across three identically designed naturalistic experiments (aggregated N = 144), these authors reported a 0% acceptance rate by women. The present research analyzed an informal "real-life" journalistic project (N= 100) initi…
Suicide risk after spousal suicide or psychiatric admission
The electrical membrane potential ( V m ) is one of the components of the electrochemical potential of protons across the biological membrane (proton motive force), which powers many vital cellular processes, and V m also plays a role in signal transduction. Therefore, measuring it is of great interest, and over the years a variety of techniques has been developed for the purpose. In bacteria, given their small size, Nernstian membrane voltage pr…
Digit Ratio (2D
Regional Intelligence and Suicide Rate in Denmark
Consistent with evidence from several recent geographical (cross-national and within-nation) studies (by Lester and by Voracek), a positive ecological (aggregate-level) correlation of regional intelligence and suicide rate was found across the seven major geographical regions of Denmark
Medical and Psychology Students' Disbelief in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide
Despite convergent evidence for a role of genetic risk factors for suicide stemming from quantitative genetic (family, twin, and adoption designs), molecular genetic, and geographical studies, professionals, likely to be exposed to suicide, appear to disbelieve strongly in the inheritance of risk factors for suicide. In a sample of 1,093 Austrian medical and psychology students, about 80% of respondents did not endorse genetic risk factors for su…
Smart and Suicidal? The Social Ecology of Intelligence and Suicide in Austria
According to de Catanzaro's (1981) evolutionary theory of human suicide, a threshold intelligence is necessary for suicidality. A corollary deducible from this assertion is that intelligence and suicide mortality should be positively related. The present study tested de Catanzaro's corollary within a country. Using district-level IQ data of the entire non-institutionalized Austrian male year-of-birth cohort of 1969 who survived up to compulsory m…
Success Is All in the Measures
Evidence for Assortative Mating on Digit Ratio (2d
The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) presents an anatomical sex difference in humans. On average, men tend to have lower 2D:4D compared with women. There is fairly strong evidence for a role of the 2D:4D ratio as a biomarker for the organizational (permanent) effects of prenatal testosterone on the brain and behaviour. Recently, an accumulating research programme has shown 2D:4D to be related to a multitude of sex-dependent, hormonally influe…
Repeatability and interobserver error of digit ratio (2D
The second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually differentiated (lower in men than in women), a likely biomarker for organizational (permanent) effects of prenatal testosterone, and a correlate of many sex‐dependent, hormonally influenced traits and phenotypes. The extent of 2D:4D measurement repeatability across different research groups is unknown. This study assessed the repeatability and interobserver error of 2D:4D measurements made by 1…
Early 20th Century Social Ecology of U.S. State Iq and Suicide Rates
Consistent with a number of facts from suicide research and an evolutionary view of suicidal behavior, positive ecological (group-level) correlations between contemporary suicide rates and intelligence level have been observed in several geographical (cross-national and within-nation) studies (e.g., Lester, 1993, 1995, 2003; Voracek, 2004, 2005a, 2005b, 2006a-h, 2007). The present research extended these accounts cross-temporally to a test of the…
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of the Lester-Bean Attribution of Causes to Suicide Scale (German Form)
Psychometric properties and correlates of the German form of Lester and Bean's 1992 Attribution of Causes to Suicide Scale, of 18 items tapping into lay theories of suicide (intrapsychic problems, interpersonal conflicts, and societal forces as causes), were investigated in a sample of the general population in Austria (n=156). The three attributional dimensions presented moderate internal consistencies and the 18 items appeared to be factorially…
Belief and Disbelief in the Existence of Genetic Risk Factors for Suicide
Digit Ratio (2D
The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic in humans, such that men on average have a lower 2D:4D than women. This somatic trait has been proposed as a biomarker for the organizational (permanent) effects of prenatal testosterone on the brain and behavior. Over the past few years, an accumulating research program has shown 2D:4D to be related to a multitude of sex-dependent, hormonally influenced psychological and behavioral t…
National Intelligence and Suicide Rate Across Europe
National Intelligence and Suicide Rate across Europe
National mean scores on a historical knowledge test (taken as a proxy for intelligence), stemming from representative samples of male (and female) 9th-grade school students from 26 European countries in a 1999 report by Wilberg and Lynn, were significantly positively associated with the national male (and female) suicide rates, independent of the general quality-of-living conditions in these countries. This finding replicates previous evidence fr…
Beliefs in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide Scale
Correlates, Item-Sequence Invariance, and Test-Retest Reliability of the Beliefs in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide Scale (Birfss)
Beliefs in Genetic Determinism and Attitudes towards Psychiatric Genetic Research
Using two new scales, this study examined beliefs in genetic determinism and attitudes towards psychiatric genetic research in student samples from Austria, Malaysia, Romania, and the United Kingdom. For both constructs, effects of culture were detectable, whereas those related to key demographics were either small and inconsistent across samples (political orientation and religiosity) or zero (sex and age). Judged from factorial dimensionality a…
Psychology (98 obras) · Social Psychology (58 obras) · Medicine (49 obras) · Social Psychology (40 obras) · Developmental psychology (39 obras) · Clinical Psychology (37 obras) · Demography (36 obras) · Poison control (31 obras) · Sociology (31 obras) · Clinical Psychology (30 obras)