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Stanley A Freed

Biographic Data

ID93491
NAMEStanley A Freed
GIVEN NAMESStanley A
FAMILY NAMEFreed
SIGNATUREFREED S A
AFFILIATIONSAmerican Museum of Natural History
VERIFIEDNo
TOTAL WORKS35
TOTAL CITATIONS171
AUTHOR COUNT35
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1957
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR1996
H-INDEX8
  • Ghosts: Life and Death in North India

    Yoshio Sugimoto, Sugimoto Yoshio et al.•ARTICLE•Asian Folklore Studies•1996

  • Ghosts: Life and Death in North India

    Joanne Moller, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of the Royal Anthropologica…•1995

  • The Way to Independence: Memories of a Hidatsa Indian Family. 1840‐1920

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Museum Anthropology•1992

    The Way to Independence: Memories of. Hidatsa Indian Family, 1840‐1920. Carolyn Gilman and Mary Jane Schneider. with essays by W. Raymond Wood, Gerard Baker, Jeffery R. Hanson, and Alan R. Wool worth. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1987. 371 pp., color plates, b/w illustrations, maps, line drawings, bibliography, index. $24.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paper

  • Ghost illness in a North Indian village

    Open Access•Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•1990•Cited by: 8•References: 8

  • Ghost illness of children in North India

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Medical Anthropology•1990•Cited by: 3•References: 17

    This analysis of the relationship of infant and childhood illness and death to ghost beliefs is based on holistic fieldwork in the late 1950s and the late 1970s in Shanti Nagar (a pseudonym), a village in North India. Illness and the supernatural world are linked by the concepts of ghosts and Fever, the latter an index of ghost illness, deriving from a supernatural being. The links between ghosts, Fever, and ghost illness involve basic Hindu beli…

  • Beliefs and practices resulting in female deaths and fewer females than males in India

    Open Access•Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Population and Environment•1989•Cited by: 5•References: 6

  • Capitalist Philanthropy and Russian Revolutionaries: The Jesup North Pacific Expedition (1897‐1902)

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1988

    This review of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, still the most important expedition in American anthropology, gives an idea of the goals and hazards of fieldwork around 1900, the pitfalls of international research, the tensions between anthropologists and host populations, the careers of early anthropologists, the role of private philanthropy, and the character of anthropology at the turn of the century. Franz Boas was the Expedition's linchpi…

  • Social/Cultural Anthropology: Determinants of Social Status in India . S. C. Malik

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1988

  • Rites of Passage in Shanti Nagar

    Stuart Blackburn, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of American Folklore•1983

  • The domestic cycle in India: Natural History of a Will-O'-the-Wisp

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Ethnologist•1983•Cited by: 4•References: 12

    The concept of the domestic cycle is evaluated by an analysis of the changes that domestic groups have undergone in the Indian village of Shanti Nagar during a 19-year period. Diversity of family histories precludes the existence of a single domestic cycle, or even of two or three dominant cycles. There are, however, significant regularities, such as the frequent evolution of nuclear families into lineal joint families. [India, social structure, …

  • Clark Wissler and the Development of Anthropology in the United States

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1983•Cited by: 13•References: 42

    Wissler receives scant notice today although he was a major figure in American anthropology. During the decades when the historical particularism of Franz Boas dominated American cultural anthropology, Wissler's theories provided a nomothetic alternative. His theories are in current use in various guises. The importance of Wissler has been obscured to some extent because he is often misclassified as a Boasian. However, he consciously worked outsi…

  • Bovine Sex and Species Ratios in India [and Comments and Reply]

    A Vaidyanathan, K Narayanan Nair et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1982•References: 4

    Despite religious sanctions against the slaughter of cattle, bovine age, sex, and species ratios in all India and Kerala are systematically adjusted to demographic, technological, economic, and environmental conditions. While it is not denied that the apotheosis of cattle has influenced the management of India's bovine stocks, religious beliefs cannot account for the most important regional and local variations in the utilization of these animals

  • Changing Family Types in India

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1982•Cited by: 2

    Studies of the Indian family have been strongly affected by the common assumption of social science, based largely on Western experience, that industri? alization, urbanization, and modernization lead inevitably to a transition from the extended family to the nuclear family. The Indian form of the extended family, commonly called the family, is usually patrilineal and patrilocal and/or virilocal. It emphasizes filial and fraternal solidarity and,…

  • On Ethnography and the Sacred-Cow Controversy

    Vinay Kumar Srivastava, Vinay Srivastava et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1982

  • Sacred Cows and Water Buffalo in India: The Uses of Ethnography [and Comments and Reply]

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1981•Cited by: 10•References: 8

    In 1958-59 and in 1977-78, we undertook holistic ethnographic studies of a village in northern India. Profound technoenvironmental change occurred in the 18-year period between the two studies. With regard to cattle, the principal change was a shift from bullock power to machinery. This provided the basis for a test of the two principal positions that have been taken in the sacred-cow controversy: (1) technoenvironmental determinism, which denies…

  • Rites of Passage in Shanti Nagar

    Anthony Good, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Man•1981•Cited by: 3

  • Shanti Nagar: The Effects of Urbanization in a Village in North India

    Peter Knecht, Stanley A Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Asian Folklore Studies•1979

  • A brief history of the Council

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Donald Collier et al.•ARTICLE•Council for Museum Anthropology…•1977•Cited by: 1•References: 4

  • Status and the Spatial Range of Marriages in a North Indian Area

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1973•Cited by: 1

    From the hypothesis advanced by Miller (1954) that a highly ranked caste will display greater spatial range of intracaste relations than a lowly ranked one, Gould (1960) inferred that the former should establish marital alliances in more distant villages than the latter. He tested this inference in Sherupur, a north Indian village, and concluded that his data supported Miller's hypothesis. We have tested the hypothesis with data from Shanti Nagar…

  • Cattle in a North Indian Village

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1972

  • A Technique for Studying Role Behavior

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1971

  • A N ote on R egional V ariation in N avajo K inship T erminology 1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1970•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Analysis of genealogies collected from ninety‐four Navajo respondents living in two widely separated areas of their reservation revealed significant regional variation in kinship terminology. Considerable individual variability in the terminologies from one of these regions suggests that the kinship terminology in this region may be changing. The reasons for this possible change are unclear, but we note that the kinship terminology in this region…

  • Caste Ranking and the Exchange of Food and Water in a North Indian Village

    Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1970•Cited by: 3

    The ranks of the castes of a north Indian village were investigated by two methods. First, 26 randomly selected male respondents were asked questions about the castes from which they would accept food and water. Analysis of the responses led to a caste hierarchy based upon food exchanges. This was compared to a caste hierarchy developed from an analysis of opinions about caste rank as reported in Freed (1963). The two hierarchies agree so closely…

  • Urbanization and Family Types in a North Indian Village

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1969•Cited by: 2

    This research, based on data collected in a north Indian village, is an analysis of the relationship of family types to a number of variables: caste, type of house, ownership of land, and the urbanization, type of employment, age, and education of the family head. There is no statistically significant difference in family types between families headed by urban-oriented men and those headed by village-oriented men. Type of house, education, and ty…

  • The Two Worlds of Washo: An Indian Tribe of California and Nevada

    Stanley A Freed, James F Downs et al.•ARTICLE•Man•1966•Cited by: 8

Next
  • Spirit Possession as Illness in a North Indian Village

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•BOOK•Ethnology•1964•Cited by: 49

    This paper examines spirit possession as a form of illness in a North Indian village. The authors argue that spirit possession is not simply a psychological phenomenon, but is also deeply embedded in the social and cultural context of the village. They describe the various types of spirits that are believed to possess individuals, the symptoms of possession, and the rituals that are performed to exorcise the spirits. The authors also discuss the …

  • Fictive Kinship in a North Indian Village

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1963•Cited by: 15

  • Clark Wissler and the Development of Anthropology in the United States

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1983•Cited by: 13•References: 42

    Wissler receives scant notice today although he was a major figure in American anthropology. During the decades when the historical particularism of Franz Boas dominated American cultural anthropology, Wissler's theories provided a nomothetic alternative. His theories are in current use in various guises. The importance of Wissler has been obscured to some extent because he is often misclassified as a Boasian. However, he consciously worked outsi…

  • An Objective Method for Determining the Collective Caste Hierarchy of an Indian Village1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1963•Cited by: 12•References: 6

  • Sacred Cows and Water Buffalo in India: The Uses of Ethnography [and Comments and Reply]

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1981•Cited by: 10•References: 8

    In 1958-59 and in 1977-78, we undertook holistic ethnographic studies of a village in northern India. Profound technoenvironmental change occurred in the 18-year period between the two studies. With regard to cattle, the principal change was a shift from bullock power to machinery. This provided the basis for a test of the two principal positions that have been taken in the sacred-cow controversy: (1) technoenvironmental determinism, which denies…

  • Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America

    Stanley A Freed, Theodora Kroeber•ARTICLE•Ethnohistory•1962•Cited by: 9

  • Ghost illness in a North Indian village

    Open Access•Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•1990•Cited by: 8•References: 8

  • The Two Worlds of Washo: An Indian Tribe of California and Nevada

    Stanley A Freed, James F Downs et al.•ARTICLE•Man•1966•Cited by: 8

  • Suggested Type Societieś in Acculturation Studies1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1957•Cited by: 8•References: 17

  • Calendars, Ceremonies, and Festivals in a North Indian Village: Necessary Calendric Information for Fieldwork

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1964•Cited by: 7

  • Beliefs and practices resulting in female deaths and fewer females than males in India

    Open Access•Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Population and Environment•1989•Cited by: 5•References: 6

  • The domestic cycle in India: Natural History of a Will-O'-the-Wisp

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Ethnologist•1983•Cited by: 4•References: 12

    The concept of the domestic cycle is evaluated by an analysis of the changes that domestic groups have undergone in the Indian village of Shanti Nagar during a 19-year period. Diversity of family histories precludes the existence of a single domestic cycle, or even of two or three dominant cycles. There are, however, significant regularities, such as the frequent evolution of nuclear families into lineal joint families. [India, social structure, …

  • Ghost illness of children in North India

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Medical Anthropology•1990•Cited by: 3•References: 17

    This analysis of the relationship of infant and childhood illness and death to ghost beliefs is based on holistic fieldwork in the late 1950s and the late 1970s in Shanti Nagar (a pseudonym), a village in North India. Illness and the supernatural world are linked by the concepts of ghosts and Fever, the latter an index of ghost illness, deriving from a supernatural being. The links between ghosts, Fever, and ghost illness involve basic Hindu beli…

  • Rites of Passage in Shanti Nagar

    Anthony Good, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Man•1981•Cited by: 3

  • Caste Ranking and the Exchange of Food and Water in a North Indian Village

    Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1970•Cited by: 3

    The ranks of the castes of a north Indian village were investigated by two methods. First, 26 randomly selected male respondents were asked questions about the castes from which they would accept food and water. Analysis of the responses led to a caste hierarchy based upon food exchanges. This was compared to a caste hierarchy developed from an analysis of opinions about caste rank as reported in Freed (1963). The two hierarchies agree so closely…

  • Unity in Diversity in the Celebration of Cattle-Curing Rites in a North Indian Village: A Study in the Resolution of Conflict1

    Open Access•Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1966•Cited by: 3•References: 8

    An epidemic of cattle disease led to a dispute between orthodox and reform Hindus over the holding of Akhta, a traditional cattle-curing rite that involved a number of features in conflict with the reform teachings of Arya Samaj. The dispute was rather easily resolved, and the ceremony was held. We suggest that this happened principally because of the existence of a few cultural themes of great antiquity held in common by all villagers. In additi…

  • Changing Family Types in India

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1982•Cited by: 2

    Studies of the Indian family have been strongly affected by the common assumption of social science, based largely on Western experience, that industri? alization, urbanization, and modernization lead inevitably to a transition from the extended family to the nuclear family. The Indian form of the extended family, commonly called the family, is usually patrilineal and patrilocal and/or virilocal. It emphasizes filial and fraternal solidarity and,…

  • A N ote on R egional V ariation in N avajo K inship T erminology 1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1970•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Analysis of genealogies collected from ninety‐four Navajo respondents living in two widely separated areas of their reservation revealed significant regional variation in kinship terminology. Considerable individual variability in the terminologies from one of these regions suggests that the kinship terminology in this region may be changing. The reasons for this possible change are unclear, but we note that the kinship terminology in this region…

  • Urbanization and Family Types in a North Indian Village

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1969•Cited by: 2

    This research, based on data collected in a north Indian village, is an analysis of the relationship of family types to a number of variables: caste, type of house, ownership of land, and the urbanization, type of employment, age, and education of the family head. There is no statistically significant difference in family types between families headed by urban-oriented men and those headed by village-oriented men. Type of house, education, and ty…

  • Two Mother Goddess Ceremonies of Delhi State in the Great and Little Traditions

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1962•Cited by: 2

  • A brief history of the Council

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Donald Collier et al.•ARTICLE•Council for Museum Anthropology…•1977•Cited by: 1•References: 4

  • Status and the Spatial Range of Marriages in a North Indian Area

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1973•Cited by: 1

    From the hypothesis advanced by Miller (1954) that a highly ranked caste will display greater spatial range of intracaste relations than a lowly ranked one, Gould (1960) inferred that the former should establish marital alliances in more distant villages than the latter. He tested this inference in Sherupur, a north Indian village, and concluded that his data supported Miller's hypothesis. We have tested the hypothesis with data from Shanti Nagar…

  • Utilitarian Pottery Manufacture in a North Indian Village

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1963•Cited by: 1

  • Suggested Type Societieś in Acculturation Studies1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1957•Cited by: 8•References: 17

  • Ethnology: The Structure of Twana Culture with Comparative Notes on the Structure of Yurok Culture . W. W. Elmendorf and A. L. Kroeber

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1961

  • Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America

    Stanley A Freed, Theodora Kroeber•ARTICLE•Ethnohistory•1962•Cited by: 9

  • Two Mother Goddess Ceremonies of Delhi State in the Great and Little Traditions

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1962•Cited by: 2

  • Fictive Kinship in a North Indian Village

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1963•Cited by: 15

  • Utilitarian Pottery Manufacture in a North Indian Village

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1963•Cited by: 1

  • An Objective Method for Determining the Collective Caste Hierarchy of an Indian Village1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1963•Cited by: 12•References: 6

  • Spirit Possession as Illness in a North Indian Village

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•BOOK•Ethnology•1964•Cited by: 49

    This paper examines spirit possession as a form of illness in a North Indian village. The authors argue that spirit possession is not simply a psychological phenomenon, but is also deeply embedded in the social and cultural context of the village. They describe the various types of spirits that are believed to possess individuals, the symptoms of possession, and the rituals that are performed to exorcise the spirits. The authors also discuss the …

  • Calendars, Ceremonies, and Festivals in a North Indian Village: Necessary Calendric Information for Fieldwork

    Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1964•Cited by: 7

  • The Two Worlds of Washo: An Indian Tribe of California and Nevada

    Stanley A Freed, James F Downs et al.•ARTICLE•Man•1966•Cited by: 8

  • Unity in Diversity in the Celebration of Cattle-Curing Rites in a North Indian Village: A Study in the Resolution of Conflict1

    Open Access•Ruth S Freed, Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1966•Cited by: 3•References: 8

    An epidemic of cattle disease led to a dispute between orthodox and reform Hindus over the holding of Akhta, a traditional cattle-curing rite that involved a number of features in conflict with the reform teachings of Arya Samaj. The dispute was rather easily resolved, and the ceremony was held. We suggest that this happened principally because of the existence of a few cultural themes of great antiquity held in common by all villagers. In additi…

  • Urbanization and Family Types in a North Indian Village

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Southwestern Journal of…•1969•Cited by: 2

    This research, based on data collected in a north Indian village, is an analysis of the relationship of family types to a number of variables: caste, type of house, ownership of land, and the urbanization, type of employment, age, and education of the family head. There is no statistically significant difference in family types between families headed by urban-oriented men and those headed by village-oriented men. Type of house, education, and ty…

  • A N ote on R egional V ariation in N avajo K inship T erminology 1

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•American Anthropologist•1970•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Analysis of genealogies collected from ninety‐four Navajo respondents living in two widely separated areas of their reservation revealed significant regional variation in kinship terminology. Considerable individual variability in the terminologies from one of these regions suggests that the kinship terminology in this region may be changing. The reasons for this possible change are unclear, but we note that the kinship terminology in this region…

  • Caste Ranking and the Exchange of Food and Water in a North Indian Village

    Stanley A Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1970•Cited by: 3

    The ranks of the castes of a north Indian village were investigated by two methods. First, 26 randomly selected male respondents were asked questions about the castes from which they would accept food and water. Analysis of the responses led to a caste hierarchy based upon food exchanges. This was compared to a caste hierarchy developed from an analysis of opinions about caste rank as reported in Freed (1963). The two hierarchies agree so closely…

  • A Technique for Studying Role Behavior

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1971

  • Cattle in a North Indian Village

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1972

  • Status and the Spatial Range of Marriages in a North Indian Area

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Anthropological Quarterly•1973•Cited by: 1

    From the hypothesis advanced by Miller (1954) that a highly ranked caste will display greater spatial range of intracaste relations than a lowly ranked one, Gould (1960) inferred that the former should establish marital alliances in more distant villages than the latter. He tested this inference in Sherupur, a north Indian village, and concluded that his data supported Miller's hypothesis. We have tested the hypothesis with data from Shanti Nagar…

  • A brief history of the Council

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Donald Collier et al.•ARTICLE•Council for Museum Anthropology…•1977•Cited by: 1•References: 4

  • Shanti Nagar: The Effects of Urbanization in a Village in North India

    Peter Knecht, Stanley A Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Asian Folklore Studies•1979

  • Sacred Cows and Water Buffalo in India: The Uses of Ethnography [and Comments and Reply]

    Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1981•Cited by: 10•References: 8

    In 1958-59 and in 1977-78, we undertook holistic ethnographic studies of a village in northern India. Profound technoenvironmental change occurred in the 18-year period between the two studies. With regard to cattle, the principal change was a shift from bullock power to machinery. This provided the basis for a test of the two principal positions that have been taken in the sacred-cow controversy: (1) technoenvironmental determinism, which denies…

  • Rites of Passage in Shanti Nagar

    Anthony Good, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Man•1981•Cited by: 3

  • Bovine Sex and Species Ratios in India [and Comments and Reply]

    A Vaidyanathan, K Narayanan Nair et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1982•References: 4

    Despite religious sanctions against the slaughter of cattle, bovine age, sex, and species ratios in all India and Kerala are systematically adjusted to demographic, technological, economic, and environmental conditions. While it is not denied that the apotheosis of cattle has influenced the management of India's bovine stocks, religious beliefs cannot account for the most important regional and local variations in the utilization of these animals

  • Changing Family Types in India

    Open Access•Stanley A Freed, Ruth S Freed•ARTICLE•Ethnology•1982•Cited by: 2

    Studies of the Indian family have been strongly affected by the common assumption of social science, based largely on Western experience, that industri? alization, urbanization, and modernization lead inevitably to a transition from the extended family to the nuclear family. The Indian form of the extended family, commonly called the family, is usually patrilineal and patrilocal and/or virilocal. It emphasizes filial and fraternal solidarity and,…

  • On Ethnography and the Sacred-Cow Controversy

    Vinay Kumar Srivastava, Vinay Srivastava et al.•ARTICLE•Current Anthropology•1982

  • Rites of Passage in Shanti Nagar

    Stuart Blackburn, Ruth S Freed et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of American Folklore•1983

History (25 works) · Sociology (24 works) · Geography (18 works) · History (15 works) · Anthropology (13 works) · South Asian Studies and Conflicts (11 works) · Socioeconomics (9 works) · Anthropological Studies and Insights (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Art history (7 works)

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