A Hardy
Biographic Data
| ID | 9406 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A Hardy |
| GIVEN NAMES | A |
| FAMILY NAME | Hardy |
| SIGNATURE | HARDY A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oslo |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4785-1078 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Criminal Choices for Precarious Livelihoods
This study explores poly-criminality, through intersections between extraction and trafficking of cultural goods and production and trafficking of psychotropic substances, in eastern Europe. It undertakes netnographic analysis of online forums of cannabis-cultivators and artefact-hunters in Poland, Russia, and Ukraine, presenting open-source data from 342 cannabis-cultivators, at least 173 of whom also hunted for artefacts, and 85 artefact-hunter…
Russia was ‘Doomed to Expand [its] Aggression’ Against Ukraine
This study explores how Russia’s invasion and occupation of Ukraine has affected cultural property crime and how cultural property criminals have responded to those practical, social, political and economic changes. To do so, this online ethnography draws on netnographic data from 184 artefact-hunters across Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Greece, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, two artefact-dealers and one violent p…
Narratives of the provenance of art and antiquities on the market and the reality of origins at the source
This essay presents the findings of the International Conference on Handling of Cultural Goods and Financing of Political Violence and introduces provenance research that examines the market in Europe for antiquities from Asia and the market in North America for antiquities from Europe. It summarises findings, such as the involvement of violent political organisations, transnational organised criminals and politically-exposed persons (PEPs) in il…
It Is Not against the Law, if No-One Can See You
This study uses open-source intelligence to analyse the illicit excavation and illicit trafficking of archaeological goods (and forgeries) across the Balkan-Eastern Mediterranean region(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia. It draws on texts and images that have been published by hundreds of artefact-hunters across tens of online communities and other online platforms. These include onlin…
Conflict antiquities' rescue or ransom
Rescue has long been a defense for the removal of cultural property. Since the explosion of iconoclasm in West Asia, North Africa, and West Africa, there has been a growing demand for cultural property in danger zones to be "rescued" by being purchased and given "asylum" in "safe zones" (typically, in the market countries of Western Europe and North America). This article reviews evidence from natural experiments with the "rescue" of looted antiq…
The looting of archaeological heritage (Part 2)
Black Archaeology’ in Eastern Europe
Across Eastern Europe, professional archaeologists and metal detectorists testify that some archaeological sites have been emptied of metal objects, despite significant efforts to combat illicit trafficking of cultural objects. Yet there is little empirical evidence in relation to the scale of the problem within countries or its comparative scale between countries in the region. This paper presents open-source analysis of membership of online for…
Online Resistance to Precarious Archaeological Labour
The international cultural heritage economy has long been underpinned by a reserve army of unemployed/underemployed labour. The entry-level workforce is being further undermined and unpaid/underpaid labour is additionally being consolidated through the crisis and austerity measures. Independently and under different pressures, archaeologists across Europe have begun to use blogging, micro-blogging and other social media in concerted national effo…
Resisting Institutional Power
This article examines the relation between museums exhibiting sacred objects, visitors, and politics. More specifically, it explores the reasons why a minority group of visitors might resist, or even reject, the institutional power of a museum. St. Barnabas Icon Museum, located in the northern part of Cyprus, and a minority group of its visitors-the Women of St. Barnabas-serve as our case study. The two main communities of the island (Greek Cypri…
Scientific Strategy and Ad Hoc Response
In the early twentieth century, death rates from typhoid in European cities reached an all time low. By contrast, death rates in America were six times as high, and the American public health community began a crusade against the disease in 1912. In the 1920s, hopes for greater control of the disease focused not just on sewers and drinking water supplies, but on the newly established scientific means of immunization, the supervision of food-relat…
Progress in Drug Research/Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung/Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques
Black Archaeology’ in Eastern Europe
Across Eastern Europe, professional archaeologists and metal detectorists testify that some archaeological sites have been emptied of metal objects, despite significant efforts to combat illicit trafficking of cultural objects. Yet there is little empirical evidence in relation to the scale of the problem within countries or its comparative scale between countries in the region. This paper presents open-source analysis of membership of online for…
Conflict antiquities' rescue or ransom
Rescue has long been a defense for the removal of cultural property. Since the explosion of iconoclasm in West Asia, North Africa, and West Africa, there has been a growing demand for cultural property in danger zones to be "rescued" by being purchased and given "asylum" in "safe zones" (typically, in the market countries of Western Europe and North America). This article reviews evidence from natural experiments with the "rescue" of looted antiq…
Online Resistance to Precarious Archaeological Labour
The international cultural heritage economy has long been underpinned by a reserve army of unemployed/underemployed labour. The entry-level workforce is being further undermined and unpaid/underpaid labour is additionally being consolidated through the crisis and austerity measures. Independently and under different pressures, archaeologists across Europe have begun to use blogging, micro-blogging and other social media in concerted national effo…
Scientific Strategy and Ad Hoc Response
In the early twentieth century, death rates from typhoid in European cities reached an all time low. By contrast, death rates in America were six times as high, and the American public health community began a crusade against the disease in 1912. In the 1920s, hopes for greater control of the disease focused not just on sewers and drinking water supplies, but on the newly established scientific means of immunization, the supervision of food-relat…
Progress in Drug Research/Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung/Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques
Resisting Institutional Power
This article examines the relation between museums exhibiting sacred objects, visitors, and politics. More specifically, it explores the reasons why a minority group of visitors might resist, or even reject, the institutional power of a museum. St. Barnabas Icon Museum, located in the northern part of Cyprus, and a minority group of its visitors-the Women of St. Barnabas-serve as our case study. The two main communities of the island (Greek Cypri…
Scientific Strategy and Ad Hoc Response
In the early twentieth century, death rates from typhoid in European cities reached an all time low. By contrast, death rates in America were six times as high, and the American public health community began a crusade against the disease in 1912. In the 1920s, hopes for greater control of the disease focused not just on sewers and drinking water supplies, but on the newly established scientific means of immunization, the supervision of food-relat…
Online Resistance to Precarious Archaeological Labour
The international cultural heritage economy has long been underpinned by a reserve army of unemployed/underemployed labour. The entry-level workforce is being further undermined and unpaid/underpaid labour is additionally being consolidated through the crisis and austerity measures. Independently and under different pressures, archaeologists across Europe have begun to use blogging, micro-blogging and other social media in concerted national effo…
Black Archaeology’ in Eastern Europe
Across Eastern Europe, professional archaeologists and metal detectorists testify that some archaeological sites have been emptied of metal objects, despite significant efforts to combat illicit trafficking of cultural objects. Yet there is little empirical evidence in relation to the scale of the problem within countries or its comparative scale between countries in the region. This paper presents open-source analysis of membership of online for…
The looting of archaeological heritage (Part 2)
Narratives of the provenance of art and antiquities on the market and the reality of origins at the source
This essay presents the findings of the International Conference on Handling of Cultural Goods and Financing of Political Violence and introduces provenance research that examines the market in Europe for antiquities from Asia and the market in North America for antiquities from Europe. It summarises findings, such as the involvement of violent political organisations, transnational organised criminals and politically-exposed persons (PEPs) in il…
It Is Not against the Law, if No-One Can See You
This study uses open-source intelligence to analyse the illicit excavation and illicit trafficking of archaeological goods (and forgeries) across the Balkan-Eastern Mediterranean region(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia. It draws on texts and images that have been published by hundreds of artefact-hunters across tens of online communities and other online platforms. These include onlin…
Conflict antiquities' rescue or ransom
Rescue has long been a defense for the removal of cultural property. Since the explosion of iconoclasm in West Asia, North Africa, and West Africa, there has been a growing demand for cultural property in danger zones to be "rescued" by being purchased and given "asylum" in "safe zones" (typically, in the market countries of Western Europe and North America). This article reviews evidence from natural experiments with the "rescue" of looted antiq…
Russia was ‘Doomed to Expand [its] Aggression’ Against Ukraine
This study explores how Russia’s invasion and occupation of Ukraine has affected cultural property crime and how cultural property criminals have responded to those practical, social, political and economic changes. To do so, this online ethnography draws on netnographic data from 184 artefact-hunters across Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Greece, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, two artefact-dealers and one violent p…
Criminal Choices for Precarious Livelihoods
This study explores poly-criminality, through intersections between extraction and trafficking of cultural goods and production and trafficking of psychotropic substances, in eastern Europe. It undertakes netnographic analysis of online forums of cannabis-cultivators and artefact-hunters in Poland, Russia, and Ukraine, presenting open-source data from 342 cannabis-cultivators, at least 173 of whom also hunted for artefacts, and 85 artefact-hunter…
Archaeological Research and Protection (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Geography (4 works) · Politics (4 works) · Business (3 works) · Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation (3 works) · Economics (3 works) · History (3 works)