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John Komlos

Dados Biográficos

ID94388
NOMEJohn Komlos
PRENOMESJohn
SOBRENOMEKomlos
ASSINATURAKOMLOS J
AFILIAÇÕESLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München
ORCID0000-0001-5254-5625
VERIFICADOSim
TOTAL DE OBRAS110
TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES451
TOTAL COMO AUTOR108
TOTAL COMO EDITOR2
PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO1978
ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO2025
ÍNDICE H11
  • Foundations of Real-World Economics

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Pakistan Development Review•2025

    1. Overview Professor John Komlos is a former chairman of the Department of Economic History at the University of Munich and also taught as a visitor at Harvard, Duke, and the University of Vienna. In his book, “Foundations of Real-World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to Know and Doesn’t Get in the Usual Principles Text”, he examined mainstream economics and contemporary economic policies. This book has been translated into Chinese…

  • The decline in the physical stature of the U.S. population parallels the diminution in the rate of increase in life expectancy

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•SSM - Population Health•2025

    The U.S. healthcare and food-provisioning systems have failed to create an environment in which the human biological organism can flourish. Consequently, key health outcomes, most notably life expectancy, have consistently lagged those of other high-income populations since the Reagan era, coinciding with the adoption of economic policies that increased inequality and precarity across the population. We estimate the trends in physical stature, an…

  • Neoliberal Economic Policy and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism

    Open Access•John Komlos•BOOK•Neoliberal Economic Policy and…•2024

  • Unemployment in the High-Pressure Capitalism of the 21 st Century

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2023•Referências: 5

    The transition from an industrial to knowledge economy created many stressors that exacerbated the excesses of four decades of neoliberal economic policies culminating in a high-pressure capitalism that is reducing the effectiveness of the social contract upon which its success was based in the first place

  • Empirische Ökonomie

    Open Access•Bernd Süßmuth, John Komlos•BOOK•Empirische Ökonomie•2022

  • Covert Racism in Economics

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•FinanzArchiv•2021

    Mainstream economic theory is replete with assumptions that feed into structural or systemic racism, because it supports an economic system that severely disadvantages people at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum, which in the U.S. includes a disproportionate number of Hispanics, indigenous people, and descendants of slaves. The paper discusses 15 such assumptions that are generally trivialized, including the crucial role information co…

  • Why African American Economists Should Abandon Mainstream Economic Theory Asap

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Review of Black Political…•2019•Citada por: 2•Referências: 14

    Markets have 14 Achilles heels that reduce the chances of those born into poverty to succeed in today’s complex economy. These intrinsic imperfections, generally overlooked in mainstream Econ 101, include costly information that implies that its acquisition by poor people requires a greater share of their income. Because of inferior schooling opportunities, the poor are more exposed to the myriad of problems associated with bounded rationality. T…

  • Clarifications of a Puzzle

    Open Access•John Komlos, Brian A''Hearn et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•2019•Citada por: 11•Referências: 31

    Bodenhom, Guinnane, and Mroz (2017) are critical of anthropometric research using based on non-random samples. Declining height trends in military and prison data, they argue, are artifacts of negative selection during favorable labor market conditions. We study height trends in the United States in the antebellum decades, which coincided with the onset of modem economic growth. We find that neither the historical evidence nor their own statistic…

  • Shrinking in a growing economy is not so puzzling after all

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Economics & Human Biology•2018

  • The BMI values of the lower classes likely declined during the Great Depression

    Open Access•John Komlos, Scott Alan Carson et al.•ARTICLE•Economics & Human Biology•2017

  • The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology

    John Komlos, Inas Rashad Kelly•BOOK•Oxford Handbook of Economics and…•2016

    The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology provides an extensive and insightful overview of how economic conditions affect human well-being and how human health influences economic outcomes. The book addresses both macro and micro factors, as well as their interaction, providing new understanding of complex relationships and developments in economic history and economic dynamics. Among the topics explored is how variation in height, wheth…

  • Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology

    Inas Rashad Kelly, John Komlos•BOOK•Oxford Handbook of Economics and…•2016

  • Biological well-being in late nineteenth-century Philippines

    Open Access•Jean‐pascal Bassino, Jean-Pascal Bassino et al.•ARTICLE•Cliometrica•2016

  • Biological Well-Being in Late 19th Century Philippines

    Open Access•Jean‐pascal Bassino, Jean-Pascal Bassino et al.•ARTICLE•SSRN Electronic Journal•2015

  • The diminution of the physical stature of the English male population in the eighteenth century

    Open Access•John Komlos, Helmut Küchenhoff•ARTICLE•Cliometrica•2012

  • The trend of mean BMI values of US adults, birth cohorts 1882–1986 indicates that the obesity epidemic began earlier than hitherto thought

    Open Access•John Komlos, Marek Brabec•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2010

    BACKGROUND: The trend in the body mass index (BMI) values of the US population has not been estimated accurately because the time series data are unavailable and the focus has been on calculating period effects. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the trend and rate of change of BMI values by birth cohorts stratified by gender and ethnicity born 1882-1986. METHODS: We use loess additive regression models to estimate age and trend effects of BMI values of US-…

  • The recent decline in the height of African-American women

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Economics & Human Biology•2010

  • The transition to post‐industrial BMI values among US children

    Open Access•John Komlos, Ariane Breitfelder et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2009

    The trend in the BMI values of US children has not been estimated very convincingly because of the absence of longitudinal data. Our objective is to estimate time series of BMI values by birth cohorts instead of measurement years. We use five regression models to estimate the BMI trends of non‐Hispanic US‐born black and white children and adolescents ages 2–19 between 1941 and 2004. The increase in BMIZ values during the period considered was 1.3…

  • Welcome John Cawley

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Economics & Human Biology•2009

  • Anthropometric history

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Anthropologischer Anzeiger•2009•Citada por: 11

    The systematic study of human physical stature reaches back into the 18th century. However, until French historians began to explore the socio-economic correlates of human height in the 1960s, the influence of the socio-economic environment primarily interested scholars of sister disciplines such as anthropology, auxology, or even military history. The present review summarizes a number of theoretical issues and new approaches to the understandin…

  • Height of US‐born non‐Hispanic children and adolescents ages 2–19, born 1942–2002 in the NHANES samples

    Open Access•John Komlos, Ariane Breitfelder•ARTICLE•American Journal of Human Biology•2008

    We examine the height of non‐Hispanic US‐born children born 1942–2002 on the basis of all NHES and NHANES data sets available. We use the CDC 2000 reference values to convert height into height‐for‐age z ‐scores stratified by gender. We decompose deviations from the reference values into an age‐effect and a secular trend effect and find that after an initial increase in the 1940s, heights experienced a downward cycle to reach their early 1950s pe…

  • Differences in the physical growth of US-born black and white children and adolescents ages 2–19, born 1942–2002

    Open Access•John Komlos, Ariane Breitfelder•ARTICLE•Annals of Human Biology•2008

    Blacks have a faster tempo of linear growth in childhood partly on account of their nutritional habits, as girls in particular tend to have higher BMI values, and partly probably because of genetic differences

  • Stagnation of Heights Among Second‐Generation U.S.‐Born Army Personnel

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Social Science Quarterly•2008•Citada por: 2•Referências: 8

    Objectives. The physical stature of a population is a useful supplementary indicator of the living standards of children and youth insofar as it is sensitive to income and medical care. It is, thus, somewhat of a conundrum that U.S. heights tended to stagnate between around the mid‐1950s to the mid‐1970s birth cohorts, an otherwise economically prosperous period. Because of the controversial nature of the finding based on the NHANES data sets we …

  • Spatial Correlates of Us Heights and Body Mass Indexes, 2002

    Open Access•John Komlos, Benjamin E Lauderdale•ARTICLE•Journal of Biosocial Science•2007

    Aiming to further explore possible underlying causes of the recent remarkable stagnation and relative decline in American heights, this paper describes the result of analysis of the commercial US Sizing Survey (2002). Heights are correlated positively with income and education among both white males and females while Body Mass Index (BMI) is correlated negatively among females, as in other samples. In contrast to much of the literature, this pape…

  • Anthropometric evidence on economic growth, biological well-being and regional convergence in the Habsburg Monarchy, c. 1850–1910

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Cliometrica•2007

Próximo
  • Shrinking in a Growing Economy? The Mystery of Physical Stature during the Industrial Revolution

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1998•Citada por: 93•Referências: 23

    Reviews the evidence on early-industrial height cycles and shows why the economic transition put downward pressure on the nutritional status of the European and American populations

  • The secular trend in the biological standard of living in the United Kingdom, 1730-1860

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Economic History Review•1993•Citada por: 45•Referências: 16

    Corrects some of the statistical mistakes of previous studies of the trend in the height of British soldiers in the 18th and 19th centuries. Finds that heights decreased substantially in the late-18th century in keeping with many other findings. The inference is that an incipient Malthusian crisis was threatening the United Kingdom, as it did Continental Europe on the eve of the Industrial Revolution

  • The Height and Weight of West Point Cadets

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1987•Citada por: 45•Referências: 9

    A decline in nutritional status is inferred from data on the height and weight of West Point cadets in the antebellum period. The decline was geographically widespread and affected farmers and blue-collar workers the most; middle-class cadets did not experience a decline in nutritional status until the Civil War. Nutritional status declined because meat output did not keep pace with population growth. Urbanization and the expansion of the industr…

  • On the Puzzling Cycle in the Biological Standard of Living

    Open Access•John Komlos, Peter A Coclanis et al.•ARTICLE•Explorations in Economic History•1997•Citada por: 30•Referências: 23

  • Anomalies in Economic History

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1996•Citada por: 29•Referências: 9

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

  • How to (and How Not to) Analyze Deficient Height Samples

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Historical Methods A Journal of…•2004•Citada por: 20•Referências: 30

    Anthropometric history; height samples

  • The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe

    John Komlos, Daniel Chirot•ARTICLE•The Journal of Interdisciplinary…•1990•Citada por: 20

    Reaching back centuries, this study makes a convincing case for very deep roots of current Eastern European backwardness. Its conclusions are suggestive for comparativists studying other parts of the world, and useful to those who want to understand contemporary Eastern Europe's past. Like the rest of the world except for that unique part of the West which has given us a false model of what was normal, Eastern Europe developed slowly. The weight …

  • Height and Social Status in Eighteenth-Century Germany

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Interdisciplinary…•1990•Citada por: 18

    Examines the height of German youth in the late eighteenth century, and documents the very large differences in height between the lower and upper classes. Shows that the height of the upper class did not decline at the end of the 18th century as did that of the common men

  • Looking Backward and Looking Forward

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Social Science History•2004•Citada por: 14

    anthropometric history

  • Estimating Trends in Historical Heights

    John Komlos, Joo Han Kim•ARTICLE•Historical Methods A Journal of…•1990•Citada por: 14•Referências: 5

    Develops a robust statistical procedure to analyze the trend in height if the available samples are truncated at the minimum height requirement

  • Underperformance in Affluence

    Open Access•John Komlos, Benjamin E Lauderdale•ARTICLE•Social Science Quarterly•2007•Citada por: 12•Referências: 29

    Objective. We use the complete set of NHES and NHANES data collected between 1959 and 2004 in order to construct trends for the physical stature of the non‐Hispanic white and black U.S. adult population and compare them to those of western and northern Europeans. Method. Regression analysis is used to estimate the trend in U.S. heights stratified by gender and ethnicity, holding income and educational attainment constant. Results. U.S. heights st…

  • Clarifications of a Puzzle

    Open Access•John Komlos, Brian A''Hearn et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•2019•Citada por: 11•Referências: 31

    Bodenhom, Guinnane, and Mroz (2017) are critical of anthropometric research using based on non-random samples. Declining height trends in military and prison data, they argue, are artifacts of negative selection during favorable labor market conditions. We study height trends in the United States in the antebellum decades, which coincided with the onset of modem economic growth. We find that neither the historical evidence nor their own statistic…

  • Anthropometric history

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Anthropologischer Anzeiger•2009•Citada por: 11

    The systematic study of human physical stature reaches back into the 18th century. However, until French historians began to explore the socio-economic correlates of human height in the 1960s, the influence of the socio-economic environment primarily interested scholars of sister disciplines such as anthropology, auxology, or even military history. The present review summarizes a number of theoretical issues and new approaches to the understandin…

  • Height and the Standard of Living

    Open Access•Jörg Baten, John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1998•Citada por: 11

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

  • Optimal food allocation in a slave economy

    Open Access•Ray Rees, John Komlos et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Population Economics•2003•Citada por: 10•Referências: 3

  • The Economics of Antebellum Slave Heights Reconsidered

    John Komlos, Bjorn Alecke•ARTICLE•The Journal of Interdisciplinary…•1996•Citada por: 8

    Argues that the slaves transported in interregional trade were not selected on the basis of their physical stature

  • Nutrition and Economic Development in Post-Reconstruction South Carolina

    Peter A Coclanis, John Komlos•ARTICLE•Social Science History•1995•Citada por: 7

  • The Nutritional Status of French Students

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Interdisciplinary…•1994•Citada por: 7

    Examines the Physical Stature of The elite students attending the École Polytechnique military academy in the Early Nineteenth century. Concludes that their height was some 7 cm greater than that of average French youth their age

  • On the Biological Standard of Living in Russia and the Soviet Union

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Slavic Review•1999•Citada por: 6•Referências: 16

    The systematic study of the physical characteristics of human beings reaches well back into the eighteenth century. By the 1830s, scientists began to recognize that human biological outcomes were influenced, not only by inherited characteristics, but by both the natural and the socioeconomic environment. Genetic variation, by itself, did not account for the spatial, social, or temporal variation in physical stature. Only in the 1970s, however, di…

  • Anachronistic Economics

    Open Access•John Komlos, Richard Landes•ARTICLE•The Economic History Review•1991•Citada por: 6•Referências: 11

    Argues that the examination in the secular change in nominal interest rates is not sufficient to understand the complexities of grain-storage dynamics in Medieval Europe

  • The Kreditbanken and German Growth

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1978•Citada por: 5•Referências: 3

    Considers the effect of non-stationarity on the analysis of the effect of banks on economic growth in Germany in the late-19th and early-20th centuries

  • On the nature of the Malthusian threat in the eighteenth century

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Economic History Review•1999•Citada por: 4

    Argues that on the basis of evidence of British soldiers there was a threat of a Malthusian crisis on the eve of the Industrial Revolution

  • Population growth and economic development in the very long run

    Open Access•Gunter Steinmann, John Komlos•ARTICLE•Mathematical Social Sciences•1988•Citada por: 3•Referências: 5

  • Why African American Economists Should Abandon Mainstream Economic Theory Asap

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Review of Black Political…•2019•Citada por: 2•Referências: 14

    Markets have 14 Achilles heels that reduce the chances of those born into poverty to succeed in today’s complex economy. These intrinsic imperfections, generally overlooked in mainstream Econ 101, include costly information that implies that its acquisition by poor people requires a greater share of their income. Because of inferior schooling opportunities, the poor are more exposed to the myriad of problems associated with bounded rationality. T…

  • Stagnation of Heights Among Second‐Generation U.S.‐Born Army Personnel

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Social Science Quarterly•2008•Citada por: 2•Referências: 8

    Objectives. The physical stature of a population is a useful supplementary indicator of the living standards of children and youth insofar as it is sensitive to income and medical care. It is, thus, somewhat of a conundrum that U.S. heights tended to stagnate between around the mid‐1950s to the mid‐1970s birth cohorts, an otherwise economically prosperous period. Because of the controversial nature of the finding based on the NHANES data sets we …

  • German Banks and German Growth

    Open Access•Hugh Neuburger, Houston H Stokes et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1978•Referências: 2

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

  • The Kreditbanken and German Growth

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1978•Citada por: 5•Referências: 3

    Considers the effect of non-stationarity on the analysis of the effect of banks on economic growth in Germany in the late-19th and early-20th centuries

  • "Is the Depression in Austria after 1873 a "Myth

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Economic History Review•1978•Citada por: 1•Referências: 2

    AVID F. Good suggests in his dissertation,' part of which was published in thisjournal,2 that the idea of a depression in Austria between I873 and I'896 is a myth. Good calculated the growth of assets held by Austrian intermediary institutions and translated them into G.N.P. growth rates by using the ratio of annual rate of change of financial assets to annual rate of change of G.N.P. (hereafter referred to as the ratio), calculated by R. Goldsmi…

  • Thoughts on the Transition from Proto-industrialization to Modern Industrialization in Bohemia, 1795-1830

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•East Central Europe•1980•Citada por: 1

  • Discrimination in the Austrian capital market

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Explorations in Economic History•1980•Referências: 1

  • A Legal Revolution or a Misguided Rebellion? Another Look at the Hungarian Events of 1848

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•East Central Europe•1982

  • The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825-1945 . Andrew C. Janos

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Modern History•1983

  • Poverty and Industrialization at the End of the “Phase-Transition” in the Czech Crown Lands

    Open Access•John Komlos, John H Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1983

    What was the relationship between institutionalized poverty and protoindustrial activity in Bunzlau County of Bohemia at the end of the 1820s? The agriculturally weaker estates developed protoindustries and were therefore the first to institutionalize the care of the poor. Yet protoindustrial development decreased the vulnerability of those at the low end of the income distribution, although industrial activity attracted immigrants from agricultu…

  • The Modernization of Agriculture

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Economic Development and Cultural…•1983

  • The Habsburg Monarchy as a Customs Union

    M R Palairet, Michael Palairet et al.•ARTICLE•The Economic History Review•1984

  • Stature and Nutrition in the Habsburg Monarchy

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•The American Historical Review•1985

    issue. The debate has been particularly heated in Great Britain: the optimists have argued forcefully that the Industrial Revolution caused a rise in real income and an increase in the standard of living; the pessimists, while conceding the long-term benefits of industrialization, have argued with equal fervor that at least for one or two generations it lowered workers' standard of living.' So conceived, the controversy is difficult to resolve,2 …

  • Patterns of children's growth in East-central Europe in the eighteenth century

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Annals of Human Biology•1986

    Records in Vienna of the heights of (a) Military Academy youths born between 1730 and 1760, (b) orphanage children born between 1760 and 1780 and (c) military boarding-school children born between 1775 and 1815 have been retrieved and analysed. This constitutes the earliest extant set of measurements of the heights of a group of individuals. Stature was increasing in the late 1740s and decreasing after the 1770s. This evidence indicates a rise an…

  • A geometric view of welfare gains with non-instantaneous adjustment

    Open Access•Peter Salamon, John Komlos et al.•ARTICLE•Mathematical Social Sciences•1987•Referências: 6

  • Time in the Paddies

    Peter A Coclanis, Peter Coclanis et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science History•1987

    Peter Coclanis, John Komlos, Time in the Paddies: A Comparison of Rice Production in the South-Eastern United States and Lower Burma in the Nineteenth Century, Social Science History, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 343-354

  • Time in the Paddies

    Open Access•Peter A Coclanis, Peter Coclanis et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science History•1987•Citada por: 2•Referências: 3

    The Question Of the relative efficiency of agricultural production within the institutional framework of slavery flared in the 1970s. Fogel and Engerman (1971, 1977) found antebellum Southern agriculture to have been considerably more productive than previously thought. Although this aspect of their finding became generally accepted, the controversy focused on just how efficient slave production actually was compared to Northern agriculture (Davi…

  • The Height and Weight of West Point Cadets

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1987•Citada por: 45•Referências: 9

    A decline in nutritional status is inferred from data on the height and weight of West Point cadets in the antebellum period. The decline was geographically widespread and affected farmers and blue-collar workers the most; middle-class cadets did not experience a decline in nutritional status until the Civil War. Nutritional status declined because meat output did not keep pace with population growth. Urbanization and the expansion of the industr…

  • The Food Budget of English Workers

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1988•Referências: 1

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

  • Population growth and economic development in the very long run

    Open Access•Gunter Steinmann, John Komlos•ARTICLE•Mathematical Social Sciences•1988•Citada por: 3•Referências: 5

  • Agricultural Productivity in America and Eastern Europe

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Economic History•1988•Citada por: 2•Referências: 1

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

  • On the Role of Crises in Historical Perspective

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Population and Development Review•1988

  • Nutrition and Economic Development in the Eighteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy

    John Komlos•BOOK•Nutrition and Economic…•1989

    John Komlos examines the industrial expansion of Austria from a fresh viewpoint and develops a new model for the industrial revolution. By integrating recent advances in the study of human biology and nutrition as they relate to physical stature, population growth, and levels of economic development, he reveals an intense Malthusian crisis in the Habsburg lands during the second half of the eighteenth century. At that time food shortages brought …

  • The age at menarche and age at first birth in an undernourished population

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Annals of Human Biology•1989

    A statistically significant relationship has been found between the age at menarche and the age at first birth among chronically-malnourished, lower-class Viennese women born in the late nineteenth century. Because the age at menarche depends on nutritional status, the above relationship is an indication that nutritional status must also have correlated positively with fertility rate, and therefore with population growth in societies with similar…

  • The Age at Menarche in Vienna

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•Historical Methods A Journal of…•1989•Referências: 12

    Finds a negative relationship between the onset of menarche and the age of first birth. Argues that better nourished girls experienced menarche earlier, and that can be a link between nutrition and fertility

  • The Economic History of Eastern Europe, 1919-1975 . M. C. Kaser , E. A. Radice , M. C. Kaser

    John Komlos•ARTICLE•The Journal of Modern History•1990

  • Fertility and proto-industrialization in Bohemia

    Open Access•John Komlos•ARTICLE•Continuity and Change•1990

    An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content

Political science (53 obras) · Economics (49 obras) · Sociology (49 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (47 obras) · Demography (45 obras) · Geography (40 obras) · History (38 obras) · Law (27 obras) · Population (27 obras) · Archaeology (22 obras)

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