Eamonn Ferguson
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 946468 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Eamonn Ferguson |
| NOMBRES | Eamonn |
| APELLIDO | Ferguson |
| FIRMA | FERGUSON E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Nottingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7678-1451 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Effects of worry postponement on daily worry and sleep
Objective Previous studies have shown that perseverative, worrisome thoughts are prospectively related to poor sleep outcomes and that worry postponement interventions may be effective in reducing worry. However, their effectiveness for improving sleep outcomes is unknown and they have not been tested over a period longer than 7 days. The current study investigated the effects of a worry postponement intervention, alongside a worry postponement +…
Effects of childhood trauma on sleep quality and stress-related variables in adulthood
Childhood trauma has been found to have serious negative consequences for mental and physical health.However, the precise mechanisms through which trauma influences health outcomes are unclear.Childhood trauma-related disruptions to sleep in adulthood represent an important potential mechanism.Two 7-day multilevel studies investigated the effects of childhood trauma on daily sleep outcomes and stress-related variables and whether the effects of t…
Assessing the influence of affective attitudes, demography and blood donor status on organ donor registration active decisions in opt-out systems
In contrast to opt-in systems, relatively little is known about what influences whether or not people register a decision about organ donation in opt-out systems. We address this gap in the literature. Participants ( N = 756) living in a country with opt-out consent (Wales, UK) provided information on demographics and blood donor status. Participants indicated whether they had opted-in or opted-out (i.e. active decision), or not registered a deci…
Exploring the nuances of cooperation in public health – a critical reflection on default policies and reputation effects
Exploring the nuances of cooperation in public health – a critical reflection on default policies and reputation effects: a reply to ‘Nurturing, nudging and navigating the increasingly precarious nature of cooperation in public health: the cases of vaccination and organ donation’ by Heidi J. Larson and Alexander H. Toledo" published on 20 Oct 2023 by Bristol University Press
Warming up cool cooperators
Explaining why someone repeats high-cost cooperation towards non-reciprocating strangers is difficult. Warm glow offers an explanation. We argue that warm glow, as a mechanism to sustain long-term cooperation, cools off over time but can be warmed up with a simple intervention message. We tested our predictions in the context of repeat voluntary blood donation (high-cost helping of a non-reciprocating stranger) across 6 studies: a field-based exp…
Assessing the factors that influence the donation of a deceased family member's organs in an opt-out system for organ donation
The deceased's wishes were less likely to be followed when next-of-kin had negative beliefs towards donation. Developing large-scale campaigns to improve these beliefs in the general public should make people more likely to follow the deceased's wishes. As a result, these campaigns should improve the availability of donor organs
Cross-sectional and prospective associations between stress, perseverative cognition and health behaviours
OBJECTIVES: The Perseverative Cognition Hypothesis (proposing negative repetitive thinking has detrimental effects on physical health), has been extended to include health behaviours. This study aimed to examine relationships between perseverative cognition, stress and health behaviours. DESIGN: = 336) completed online surveys twice, 3 months apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cross-sectional and prospective associations between perseverative cognitio…
Mental health and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic
Background The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the population's mental health and well-being are likely to be profound and long lasting. Aims To investigate the trajectory of mental health and well-being during the first 6 weeks of lockdown in adults in the UK. Method A quota survey design and a sampling frame that permitted recruitment of a national sample was employed. Findings for waves 1 (31 March to 9 April 2020), 2 (10 Apr…
Assessing medical mistrust in organ donation across countries using item response theory
Although medical mistrust (MM) may be an impediment to public health interventions, no MM scale has been validated across countries and the assessment of MM has not been explored using item response theory, which allows generalisation beyond the sampled data. We aimed to determine the dimensionality of a brief MM measure across four countries through Mokken analysis and Graded Response Modelling. Analysis of 1468 participants from UK ( n = 1179),…
Loneliness as a predictor of suicidal ideation and behaviour
Limits of the social-benefit motive among high-risk patients
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04230343 Retrospectively registered on the 13th January 2020
Costless and Costly Prosociality
Prosociality can either be costly (e.g., donating to charity) or costless (e.g., posthumous organ donation). Whereas links between personality and costly prosociality have been explored, links with costless prosociality and personality are at present unknown. We address this in two studies: Study 1 ( N = 200) confirms the distinction between costless and costly prosociality based on willingness to engage with health and nonhealth prosociality. St…
Public health messages about antibiotic treatment for respiratory tract infection may increase perceived symptom severity reporting
Public health campaigns to reduce expectations for antibiotic treatment for respiratory tract infections have shown little or no effect on antibiotic prescribing and consumption. We examined whether such messages can increase respiratory tract infection symptom reporting. Participants ( N = 318) received one of four campaign messages, a combination of all four messages, or no message. Respiratory tract infection symptoms increased for those who r…
When Fair Is Not Equal
Growing evidence has highlighted the importance of social norms in promoting prosocial behaviors in economic games. Specifically, individual differences in norm adherence—captured by the politeness aspect of Big Five agreeableness—have been found to predict fair allocations of wealth to one’s partner in the dictator game. Yet, most studies have used neutrally framed paradigms, where players may default to norms of equality in the absence of conte…
Individual Differences in Good Manners Rather Than Compassion Predict Fair Allocations of Wealth in the Dictator Game
One of the most common tools for studying pro‐sociality is the dictator game, in which allocations to one's partner are often described in terms of altruism. However, the motivations driving these allocations may represent either emotional concern for others (compassion), adherence to social norms regarding fairness (politeness), or both. In this article, we apply personality psychology to the study of behavior in the dictator game, in which we e…
Does gratitude enhance prosociality
gratitude that focuses on the appreciation of what is valued and cherished in life. Finally, studies that manipulated gratitude in vivo (e.g., economic games) had larger effect sizes compared with those based on recalled incidents when the person felt grateful. We describe the theoretical and practical significance of the results. (PsycINFO Database Record
Moral relativism as a disconnect between behavioural and experienced warm glow
We examine the robustness of warm glow preferences to changes in the choice set. Behavioural warm glow is measured using the crowded-out charity dictator game of Crumpler and Grossman (2008). In the give treatment, subjects could donate any part of their endowment to charity where their donations completely crowd out the charity’s own initial endowment. In the give/take treatment, the option to take any part of the charity’s endowment was added t…
Increasing organ donation via anticipated regret (Inordar)
ISRCTN: ISRCTN92204897
Expert relevance and the use of context-driven heuristic processes in risk perception
The effectiveness of a medical treatment should not predict its risk (highly effective treatments can be either safe or risky), however, people's use of heuristic shortcuts may lead them to judge a link between effectiveness and risk, typically a negative correlation. A particular concern is that experts might use such a strategy and that this is unlikely to provide an accurate judgement. This large-scale field-based experiment compares expert-re…
The role of context stability and behavioural stability in the mere measurement effect
Asking about intentions and behaviour may alter future reports of health behaviours due to the stability of the behaviours (behavioural stability hypothesis), or changes in performance context (context stability hypothesis). Two studies ( Ns = 116, 177) confirmed the distinction between stable and unstable behaviours and explored context stability for six health-related behaviours. Study 3 used a longitudinal intervention design in which the inte…
Living organ donation
Objective: This experimental study investigates the impact of message frame and risk perceptions upon willingness to consider living organ donation. Design: A 2 (gain vs. loss) by 2 (liver vs. kidney) by 2 (involved vs. not involved) between-group study was conducted. Method: Eighty-seven participants completed a questionnaire after reading a vignette designed to invite participants to consider living kidney or liver donation. Results: Within a g…
Group‐based evaluations for pupil‐on‐teacher violence
Although extreme violence to teachers is rare, the fact remains that in the UK, 29% of teachers report having been physically assaulted by a pupil (ATL, 2008a ). The ways in which responsibility for such assaults are attributed can have legal, educational and managerial implications. In the current study, teachers ( N = 66), pupils ( N = 68) and parents ( N = 64) from a large secondary school in the UK read an incident report form outlining an in…
A link between altruism and sexual selection
Altruistic behaviour raises major questions for psychology and biology. One hypothesis proposes that human altruistic behaviour evolved as a result of sexual selection. Mechanisms that seek to explain how sexual selection works suggest genetic influence acting on both the mate preference for the trait and the preferred trait itself. We used a twin study to estimate whether genetic effects influenced responses to psychometric scales measuring mate…
Motives and Sun-related Behaviour
The aim was to clarify how motives influence sun-related behaviour. Participants were 239 adults, mean age 22 years. They completed questionnaire measures of life goals (representing dispositional motives), participatory motives for exposure and for protection, and exposure and protection behaviours. Analysis was by partial least squares modelling. Participatory motives influenced behaviour. Exposure was positively influenced by appearance enhanc…
A Taxometric Analysis of Type-D Personality
OBJECTIVE: To test the dimensionality of Type-D personality, using taxometric procedures, to assess if Type-D personality is taxonic or dimensional. Type-D personality is treated as a categorical variable and caseness has been shown to be a risk factor for poor prognosis in coronary heart disease. However, at present, there is no direct evidence to support the assumption that Type D is categorical and able to differentiate true cases from noncase…
Do humans prefer altruistic mates? Testing a link between sexual selection and altruism towards non-relatives
Humans are often seen as unusual in displaying altruistic behaviour towards non-relatives. Here we outline and test a hypothesis that human altruistic traits evolved as a result of sexual selection. We develop a psychometric scale to measure mate preference towards altruistic traits (the MPAT scale). We then seek evidence of whether mate choice on the basis of altruistic traits is present and find it in one study (N=170 couples). We also predict …
Living organ donation
Objective: This experimental study investigates the impact of message frame and risk perceptions upon willingness to consider living organ donation. Design: A 2 (gain vs. loss) by 2 (liver vs. kidney) by 2 (involved vs. not involved) between-group study was conducted. Method: Eighty-seven participants completed a questionnaire after reading a vignette designed to invite participants to consider living kidney or liver donation. Results: Within a g…
Message framing with respect to decisions about vaccination
People respond differently when information is framed either positively or negatively (frame valence). Two prominent models propose that the effects of valence are moderated by (1) the method of framing (attributes vs. goals: Levin, Schneider, & Gaeth, 1998) and (2) perceived risk (Rothman & Salovey, 1997). This experiment (N = 200) explores the joint influence of both of these moderators with respect to decisions about a flu vaccination. The stu…
Intentions to use hormonal male contraception
Two studies are reported. Study one (N = 104) explored the extent to which male hormonal contraception is perceived as risky compared to other prevention behaviours. Study two examined the effects of message framing on intentions to use hormonal male contraception and investigated whether attitude moderates message framing effects. Three hundred and four participants read either a loss frame or gain frame message and then completed questionnaires…
A Stage Model of Blood Donor Behaviour
Are there valid stages to explain blood donor behaviour? Three studies (event contingent diary, interview and psychometric) are reported that address this question. Stage and process constructs from the transtheoretical model (TTM), past behaviour and intentions are measured. The qualitative studies demonstrated that blood donors describe their behaviour using TTM constructs. The psychometric study identified: (1) groupings of blood donors consis…
Pupils' causal attributions for difficult classroom behaviour
Background. Studies of causal attributions within educational contexts have tended to concentrate on academic performance. There have been a smaller number of investigations of teachers' attributions for pupils' behaviour in school. Aims. The present study examines the causal attribution made by pupils for difficult behaviour in classrooms. It reveals the structure of these attributions and serves as a comparison with the teacher studies. Sample.…
Motives and Sun-related Behaviour
The aim was to clarify how motives influence sun-related behaviour. Participants were 239 adults, mean age 22 years. They completed questionnaire measures of life goals (representing dispositional motives), participatory motives for exposure and for protection, and exposure and protection behaviours. Analysis was by partial least squares modelling. Participatory motives influenced behaviour. Exposure was positively influenced by appearance enhanc…
Moral relativism as a disconnect between behavioural and experienced warm glow
We examine the robustness of warm glow preferences to changes in the choice set. Behavioural warm glow is measured using the crowded-out charity dictator game of Crumpler and Grossman (2008). In the give treatment, subjects could donate any part of their endowment to charity where their donations completely crowd out the charity’s own initial endowment. In the give/take treatment, the option to take any part of the charity’s endowment was added t…
Expert relevance and the use of context-driven heuristic processes in risk perception
The effectiveness of a medical treatment should not predict its risk (highly effective treatments can be either safe or risky), however, people's use of heuristic shortcuts may lead them to judge a link between effectiveness and risk, typically a negative correlation. A particular concern is that experts might use such a strategy and that this is unlikely to provide an accurate judgement. This large-scale field-based experiment compares expert-re…
Parents' and pupils' causal attributions for difficult classroom behaviour
Background. Studies of causal attributions for difficult pupil behaviour in schools have tended to focus on the perspectives of teachers.Aims. The present study examines the causal attributions made by parents for difficult behaviour in classrooms. It reveals the structure of these attributions and serves as a direct comparison to a previous study of pupils' attributions (Miller, Ferguson, & Byrne, 2000) and, more indirectly, with the teacher stu…
Hypochondriacal concerns, somatosensory amplification, and primary and secondary cognitive appraisals
This paper uses data from four studies ( N = 150, 150, 154 and 79) to examine the associations between hypochondriacal concerns (HCs) and stress appraisals (primary and secondary). A search activity account of HCs suggests that increased levels of HCs should be associated with positive appraisals of a stressful situation (i.e., increased levels of perceived challenge and perceived control). However, the results indicated that in terms of primary …
Exploring the nuances of cooperation in public health – a critical reflection on default policies and reputation effects
Exploring the nuances of cooperation in public health – a critical reflection on default policies and reputation effects: a reply to ‘Nurturing, nudging and navigating the increasingly precarious nature of cooperation in public health: the cases of vaccination and organ donation’ by Heidi J. Larson and Alexander H. Toledo" published on 20 Oct 2023 by Bristol University Press
Assessing the factors that influence the donation of a deceased family member's organs in an opt-out system for organ donation
The deceased's wishes were less likely to be followed when next-of-kin had negative beliefs towards donation. Developing large-scale campaigns to improve these beliefs in the general public should make people more likely to follow the deceased's wishes. As a result, these campaigns should improve the availability of donor organs
Assessing medical mistrust in organ donation across countries using item response theory
Although medical mistrust (MM) may be an impediment to public health interventions, no MM scale has been validated across countries and the assessment of MM has not been explored using item response theory, which allows generalisation beyond the sampled data. We aimed to determine the dimensionality of a brief MM measure across four countries through Mokken analysis and Graded Response Modelling. Analysis of 1468 participants from UK ( n = 1179),…
The role of context stability and behavioural stability in the mere measurement effect
Asking about intentions and behaviour may alter future reports of health behaviours due to the stability of the behaviours (behavioural stability hypothesis), or changes in performance context (context stability hypothesis). Two studies ( Ns = 116, 177) confirmed the distinction between stable and unstable behaviours and explored context stability for six health-related behaviours. Study 3 used a longitudinal intervention design in which the inte…
Group‐based evaluations for pupil‐on‐teacher violence
Although extreme violence to teachers is rare, the fact remains that in the UK, 29% of teachers report having been physically assaulted by a pupil (ATL, 2008a ). The ways in which responsibility for such assaults are attributed can have legal, educational and managerial implications. In the current study, teachers ( N = 66), pupils ( N = 68) and parents ( N = 64) from a large secondary school in the UK read an incident report form outlining an in…
Social Desirability Influences on Judgements of Biotechnology Across the Dimensions of Risk, Ethicality and Naturalness
This study examined the relationship between social desirability and dimensional judgments of risk, naturalness and ethicality for biotechnological and matched natural health technologies. We examine if those who are motivated to respond in a socially‐desirable way will be more likely to rate genetically‐modified (GM) technologies as more risky (less natural or ethical) than those who are not motivated to respond in a socially‐desirable way. One‐…
The Gulf War and illness by association
The symptoms of Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) closely correspond to the physiological and behavioural sequelae of an interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) mediated sickness response. We propose that this response can account for the variability in its symptomatology. Furthermore, the persistence of GWS can be accounted for by an associative process, whereby the smells tastes of war become linked with the physiological reaction to environmental stressors encountered in …
Exploratory Factor Analysis
In 1978, Comrey wrote a guide to factor analysis in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. This paper provides an update of the information given by Comrey in relation to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for work and organizational psychologists, and particularly those involved with test development, interpretation and validation. In doing so, it offers a user's guide to contemporary methods and available techniques and introduces he…
Rotter's Locus of Control Scale
The reported dimensionality of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale has ranged from 1 to 9 factors; however, most studies report a two-factor solution. Making an analysis across diverse populations, 10 items were identified as consistent across populations producing a two-factor model (personal and political control). A series of exploratory factor analyses ( N = 123), applying parallel analysis as the main extraction heuristic, indicated that the ful…
A measure of knowledge and confidence in relation to HIV and Aids
Knowledge of HIV and AIDS is widely seen as an important determinant of anxiety about such infection in health care workers. However, existing measures of this knowledge suffer from a number of methodological problems and few demonstrate adequate reliability and validity. This paper documents the development of a new measure detailing its reliability and validity. Knowledge, and also confidence in knowledge, were assessed across seven domains of …
Stress and blood donation
Making a blood donation, especially for first‐time donors, can be a stressful experience. These feelings of stress may inhibit donors from returning. This paper applies stress theory to this particular problem. The effects of a stress management intervention (the provision of music) and previous donor experience were examined in relation to pre‐ and post‐donation mood, environmental appraisals and coping behaviour. Results indicated that the prov…
Hypochondriacal concerns, symptom reporting and secondary gain mechanisms
Hypochondriacal concerns (HCs) and somatic symptom reporting (SSR) are associated. However, HCs are believed to be linked to the ego‐defence coping strategy of avoiding help and SSR is believed to be linked to secondary gain. One hundred and twenty undergraduate students completed measures of HCs, SSR and the Desire for Control (DC) Scale. Subscales of the DC scale were used as indices of help avoidance and secondary gain. Both hierarchical multi…
A Facet and Factor Analysis of Typical Intellectual Engagement (Tie)
This paper explores the validity of the Typical Intellectual Engagement (TIE) construct in relation to the five factor model (FFM) of personality and locus of control (LOC). Validity was initially explored in terms of the general TIE construct and its three facets (1) problem-directed thinking, (2) abstract thinking and (3) reading. A subsequent factor analytic exploration confirmed these three facets but suggested the existence of two others: (1…
The Gulf War and illness by association
The symptoms of Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) closely correspond to the physiological and behavioural sequelae of an interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) mediated sickness response. We propose that this response can account for the variability in its symptomatology. Furthermore, the persistence of GWS can be accounted for by an associative process, whereby the smells tastes of war become linked with the physiological reaction to environmental stressors encountered in …
Hypochondriacal Concerns and the Five Factor Model of Personality
Using data from two studies ( N s = 205 and 161), this article examines the associations between the domains of the five factor model of personality and hypochondriacal concerns (HCs). These associations are explored once covariation due to other related traits (somatosensory amplification) and comorbidity factors (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom reporting) have been controlled. As predicted, emotional stability was associated with most …
Hypochondriacal concerns, somatosensory amplification, and primary and secondary cognitive appraisals
This paper uses data from four studies ( N = 150, 150, 154 and 79) to examine the associations between hypochondriacal concerns (HCs) and stress appraisals (primary and secondary). A search activity account of HCs suggests that increased levels of HCs should be associated with positive appraisals of a stressful situation (i.e., increased levels of perceived challenge and perceived control). However, the results indicated that in terms of primary …
Pupils' causal attributions for difficult classroom behaviour
Background. Studies of causal attributions within educational contexts have tended to concentrate on academic performance. There have been a smaller number of investigations of teachers' attributions for pupils' behaviour in school. Aims. The present study examines the causal attribution made by pupils for difficult behaviour in classrooms. It reveals the structure of these attributions and serves as a comparison with the teacher studies. Sample.…
The roles of contextual moderation and personality in relation to the knowledge–risk link in the workplace
While hypothesized, a consistent association between knowledge about a hazard and the estimation of risk associated with that hazard has not been found. Risk communication is premised on the fact that knowledge about a hazard (information) will change people's perceptions of risk and behaviour. In this review methodological and theoretical factors that might account for this lack of consistent association are explored. In this context issues to d…
Sex and Sexual Orientation
No previous study has directly compared homosexual and heterosexual men and women's perceptions of HIV risk. In fact, empirical research focusing on homosexual women's perception of HIV risk is scarce. This paper, therefore, examines whether homosexual and heterosexual women and men (N = 60) make varied self and other (peer and non-peer) HIV risk judgments. The paper also examines the roles of motivational (health anxiety) and cognitive (HIV know…
Parents' and pupils' causal attributions for difficult classroom behaviour
Background. Studies of causal attributions for difficult pupil behaviour in schools have tended to focus on the perspectives of teachers.Aims. The present study examines the causal attributions made by parents for difficult behaviour in classrooms. It reveals the structure of these attributions and serves as a direct comparison to a previous study of pupils' attributions (Miller, Ferguson, & Byrne, 2000) and, more indirectly, with the teacher stu…
Intentions to use hormonal male contraception
Two studies are reported. Study one (N = 104) explored the extent to which male hormonal contraception is perceived as risky compared to other prevention behaviours. Study two examined the effects of message framing on intentions to use hormonal male contraception and investigated whether attitude moderates message framing effects. Three hundred and four participants read either a loss frame or gain frame message and then completed questionnaires…
A Stage Model of Blood Donor Behaviour
Are there valid stages to explain blood donor behaviour? Three studies (event contingent diary, interview and psychometric) are reported that address this question. Stage and process constructs from the transtheoretical model (TTM), past behaviour and intentions are measured. The qualitative studies demonstrated that blood donors describe their behaviour using TTM constructs. The psychometric study identified: (1) groupings of blood donors consis…
Smoking, Mood Regulation, and Personality
The aim of the present study was to test potential models of smoking‐related changes in mood and how these are moderated by personality (behavioral activation and inhibition systems). Three models yielding distinct predictions regarding mood changes associated with cues to smoking and effects of ingestion were identified: the negative reinforcement model, the appetitive‐incentive model, and the incentive‐sensitization model. Seventy participants …
Social Desirability Influences on Judgements of Biotechnology Across the Dimensions of Risk, Ethicality and Naturalness
This study examined the relationship between social desirability and dimensional judgments of risk, naturalness and ethicality for biotechnological and matched natural health technologies. We examine if those who are motivated to respond in a socially‐desirable way will be more likely to rate genetically‐modified (GM) technologies as more risky (less natural or ethical) than those who are not motivated to respond in a socially‐desirable way. One‐…
Message framing with respect to decisions about vaccination
People respond differently when information is framed either positively or negatively (frame valence). Two prominent models propose that the effects of valence are moderated by (1) the method of framing (attributes vs. goals: Levin, Schneider, & Gaeth, 1998) and (2) perceived risk (Rothman & Salovey, 1997). This experiment (N = 200) explores the joint influence of both of these moderators with respect to decisions about a flu vaccination. The stu…
Effects of daily hassles and eating style on eating behavior.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the daily hassles-eating behavior relationship and its moderators in a naturalistic setting. DESIGN: A multilevel diary design was used to examine day-to-day within-person effects of daily hassles on eating behavior (N = 422), together with the individual and simultaneous influence of potential moderating variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily diary reports of between-meal snacking, fruit and vegetable consumpt…
Do humans prefer altruistic mates? Testing a link between sexual selection and altruism towards non-relatives
Humans are often seen as unusual in displaying altruistic behaviour towards non-relatives. Here we outline and test a hypothesis that human altruistic traits evolved as a result of sexual selection. We develop a psychometric scale to measure mate preference towards altruistic traits (the MPAT scale). We then seek evidence of whether mate choice on the basis of altruistic traits is present and find it in one study (N=170 couples). We also predict …
A Taxometric Analysis of Type-D Personality
OBJECTIVE: To test the dimensionality of Type-D personality, using taxometric procedures, to assess if Type-D personality is taxonic or dimensional. Type-D personality is treated as a categorical variable and caseness has been shown to be a risk factor for poor prognosis in coronary heart disease. However, at present, there is no direct evidence to support the assumption that Type D is categorical and able to differentiate true cases from noncase…
Alexithymia, Cumulative Feedback, and Differential Response Patterns on the Iowa Gambling Task
Although the role of emotional processing is central to contemporary models of risky decision making, to date the role of trait emotional understanding has not been explored experimentally in this context. The current experiment ( N =326) explores the role of alexithymia with respect to performance on the standard Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and a version where cumulative financial feedback is obscured. Standard learning on the IGT was observed for …
A hundred years of psychology in the BJP
Group‐based evaluations for pupil‐on‐teacher violence
Although extreme violence to teachers is rare, the fact remains that in the UK, 29% of teachers report having been physically assaulted by a pupil (ATL, 2008a ). The ways in which responsibility for such assaults are attributed can have legal, educational and managerial implications. In the current study, teachers ( N = 66), pupils ( N = 68) and parents ( N = 64) from a large secondary school in the UK read an incident report form outlining an in…
A link between altruism and sexual selection
Altruistic behaviour raises major questions for psychology and biology. One hypothesis proposes that human altruistic behaviour evolved as a result of sexual selection. Mechanisms that seek to explain how sexual selection works suggest genetic influence acting on both the mate preference for the trait and the preferred trait itself. We used a twin study to estimate whether genetic effects influenced responses to psychometric scales measuring mate…
Psychology (40 obras) · Social Psychology (29 obras) · Developmental psychology (19 obras) · Medicine (18 obras) · Clinical Psychology (15 obras) · Social Psychology (15 obras) · Personality (9 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (9 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (8 obras) · Psychiatry (8 obras)