Alex D Krieger
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 94898 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Alex D Krieger |
| PRENOMES | Alex D |
| SOBRENOME | Krieger |
| ASSINATURA | KRIEGER A D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Texas at Austin |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 170 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1940 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
City on a Hill
The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca (Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca)
The Typological Concept
Archaeology of the Ute Dam and Reservoir
Reply to Bird
Of the criticisms advanced by Bird on the article entitled “Early Man in the New World,” some are held to be pertinent to the purposes of this article, and suggestions are made for their clarification; others do not seem to be directly relevant and no modifications are attempted
New World Lithic Typology Project
Supplementing Part I of this report, by Weyer, Part II is concerned with certain vital needs in American archaeology for a central facility in which high-speed methods of data analysis can be applied to the determination of types of stone artifacts on a broad scale, the distribution of these types can be mapped wherever they occur in the New World, manuals can be prepared for general research, and related functions can be performed. It is held th…
The Earliest Cultures in the Western United States
Nearly all writers on the antiquity of man in America assume that the oldest archaeological sites contain chipped-stone projectile points and therefore cannot exceed an age of some 12,000 to 15,000 years, the estimates usually given to such projectile-point types as Sandia and Clovis. Suggestions of older sites, with radiocarbon dates ranging from some 21,000 years to as much as 'greater than 37,000 years,' with simpler artifacts and an absence o…
Archeology
Elias Howard Sellards 1875-1961
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New Light on the Midland Discovery
Additional excavation in 1955 confirmed the previously reported stratigraphic sequence at Midland, Texas. Within the gray sand, which had yielded a fragmentary human calvarium, there were found additional flint flakes, burned rocks, and animal bones. Besides several small mammals, a four-horned antelope (probably Capromeryx) was present in the gray sand; horse bones occurred in the gray sand and overlying red sand. These finds make the two radioc…
Archeology
Archeology
Reply to Stephenson and Kelley
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Archeology
Functional and Evolutionary Implications of Community Patterning
The classification of cultures into a workable number of types for descriptive or interpretative ends has occupied anthropologists since the science was born. Many kinds of data have been selected. Within the last decade Coon's (1948) subdivision of human societies into six levels on the basis of complexity of institutions, and the attempts by Strong (1948), Armillas (1948), Steward (1949), Willey and Phillips (1955) to distinguish developmental …
A Comment on 'Fluted Point Relationships' by John Witthoft
A typescript of Witthoft's article (see p. 271) was sent to me in March, 1953, with a request for criticisms. These were freely offered, and, although quite strong in some respects, accepted by him with good humor. Witthoft had himself suggested (and I agreed) that his article might be premature and should not be published until other studies of fluted points, comparable to his excellent technological study of the Shoop artifacts (see Witthoft, 1…
Survey of Caddoan Area Archeology. Kenneth G. Orr
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Greenhouse
The Preceramic Horizons of Northeastern Oklahoma
A Radiocarbon Date on the Davis Site in East Texas
In a letter dated Jan. 12, 1951, James B. Griffin informed me of a radiocarbon date on the Davis site, received from W. F. Libby of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago. An age of 1553 ± 175 years was obtained on charred corn cobs from a floor pit of feature 31, a large circular house outline in the submound village. According to the published interpretation, feature 31 belongs to phase 1 of the Alto focus, had most of the pot…
Stephenson's 'Culture Chronology in Texas
When a synthesis such as Stephenson's appears, those concerned with it had better speak up, lest silence be mistaken for approval. Synthesis can only be helpful to the rest of the profession if done as accurately as available information permits. 'Culture Chronology in Texas' is not entirely accurate. A line-for-line criticism of this article would require a good deal of explanation and documentation; hence I will confine my remarks to what seem …
The George C. Davis Site, Cherokee County, Texas
Description of Resident (Alto Focus) Pottery
The various potteries supposedly made at the Davis site are described below, as (1) types, and (2) descriptive groups of uncertain typological affiliation. The statistics cited are taken from Tables 3-11 and the summaries in Tables 13-14. Descriptions of each major type have been made in the approved outline form of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference and are on file in the Anthropology Department of the University of Texas. They are not p…
Other Clay Artifacts
Nineteen ear spools are clay, probably tempered, polished, and fired in the same way as pottery vessels. Of these, one is part of a solid, bi-concave disk (Fig. 53, U); one is a small ring with slightly concave perimeter (Fig. 53, V); and the other 17 are parts of rings with strong flanges around both edges on the exterior (Fig. 53, W, X). The 17 fragments are from no less than 13 different rings, probably 15, but no definite pairs can be seen. F…
Physical Stratigraphy
The accompanying Figure 26 was made by the writer from Newell's field notes and profiles. These profiles summarize the potential stratigraphy within the excavated leg of the mound in terms of the actual sequence of construction. ( All remarks hereafter on the construction of “the mound” must be taken to apply only to the excavated eastern leg, subject to possible correction if and when the other leg is examined .) It will be shown that not all th…
The Typological Concept
This paper is an attempt to clarify the meaning of the terms 'type' and 'variation' when applied to archaeological materials. Although they are used constantly in speech and literature in almost every conceivable context, it must be admitted that archaeology has no generally accepted, impersonal methods of establishing the scope and application of these terms. Kluckhohn has recently written:Our techniques of observing and recording are admittedly…
Functional and Evolutionary Implications of Community Patterning
The classification of cultures into a workable number of types for descriptive or interpretative ends has occupied anthropologists since the science was born. Many kinds of data have been selected. Within the last decade Coon's (1948) subdivision of human societies into six levels on the basis of complexity of institutions, and the attempts by Strong (1948), Armillas (1948), Steward (1949), Willey and Phillips (1955) to distinguish developmental …
Greenhouse
An Inquiry Into Supposed Mexican Influence on a Prehistoric "Cult" in the Southern United States1
New Light on the Midland Discovery
Additional excavation in 1955 confirmed the previously reported stratigraphic sequence at Midland, Texas. Within the gray sand, which had yielded a fragmentary human calvarium, there were found additional flint flakes, burned rocks, and animal bones. Besides several small mammals, a four-horned antelope (probably Capromeryx) was present in the gray sand; horse bones occurred in the gray sand and overlying red sand. These finds make the two radioc…
The Eastward Extension of Puebloan Datings toward Cultures of the Mississippi Valley
This article is based on an address to the society for American Archaeology at its annual meeting on May 17, 1946 at Indianpolis. A following address by Dr. Waldo R. Wedel desalt with the chronology of central Plains cultures. As the two chronologies embraced a very considerable portion of the United States and were in rather remarkably close agreement, it was suggested by retiring editor Byers that they be published in this journal
The Earliest Cultures in the Western United States
Nearly all writers on the antiquity of man in America assume that the oldest archaeological sites contain chipped-stone projectile points and therefore cannot exceed an age of some 12,000 to 15,000 years, the estimates usually given to such projectile-point types as Sandia and Clovis. Suggestions of older sites, with radiocarbon dates ranging from some 21,000 years to as much as 'greater than 37,000 years,' with simpler artifacts and an absence o…
A Comment on 'Fluted Point Relationships' by John Witthoft
A typescript of Witthoft's article (see p. 271) was sent to me in March, 1953, with a request for criticisms. These were freely offered, and, although quite strong in some respects, accepted by him with good humor. Witthoft had himself suggested (and I agreed) that his article might be premature and should not be published until other studies of fluted points, comparable to his excellent technological study of the Shoop artifacts (see Witthoft, 1…
Archeology
Notes on Some Ceramic Techniques and Intrusions in Central Mexico
In this paper we wish to point out (1) certain occurrences of cord-marked and stamped pottery in Mexico which possibly bear relationship to similar decorative techniques in the eastern United States, and (2) a few instances of trade pottery in central Mexico which point to an origin in more northerly cultures. Neither author pretends to be intimately acquainted with ceramic problems in Middle America, and this account is incompletely documented. …
The Archaeological Zone of Buena Vista, Huaxcama, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
During the field season of 1941-42, joint excavations were undertaken in the Huasteca territory by the American Museum of Natural History and the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. The American Museum had appointed Dr. Gordon Ekholm to investigate this area as a part of the program sponsored by the Institute of Andean Research. The Instituto Nacional appointed Wilfrido Du Solier to collaborate with Ekholm because of his (Du Solier's) …
The Basic Needs of American Archaeology”— A Commentary
Reply to Bird
Of the criticisms advanced by Bird on the article entitled “Early Man in the New World,” some are held to be pertinent to the purposes of this article, and suggestions are made for their clarification; others do not seem to be directly relevant and no modifications are attempted
New World Lithic Typology Project
Supplementing Part I of this report, by Weyer, Part II is concerned with certain vital needs in American archaeology for a central facility in which high-speed methods of data analysis can be applied to the determination of types of stone artifacts on a broad scale, the distribution of these types can be mapped wherever they occur in the New World, manuals can be prepared for general research, and related functions can be performed. It is held th…
Stephenson's 'Culture Chronology in Texas
When a synthesis such as Stephenson's appears, those concerned with it had better speak up, lest silence be mistaken for approval. Synthesis can only be helpful to the rest of the profession if done as accurately as available information permits. 'Culture Chronology in Texas' is not entirely accurate. A line-for-line criticism of this article would require a good deal of explanation and documentation; hence I will confine my remarks to what seem …
Archaeology of the Ute Dam and Reservoir
Archeology
Archeology
Archeology
Reply to Stephenson and Kelley
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Preceramic Horizons of Northeastern Oklahoma
A Radiocarbon Date on the Davis Site in East Texas
In a letter dated Jan. 12, 1951, James B. Griffin informed me of a radiocarbon date on the Davis site, received from W. F. Libby of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago. An age of 1553 ± 175 years was obtained on charred corn cobs from a floor pit of feature 31, a large circular house outline in the submound village. According to the published interpretation, feature 31 belongs to phase 1 of the Alto focus, had most of the pot…
North America
Contributions to Oregon Coast Prehistory
Native civilization in western Oregon disintegrated so rapidly under white influence and white men's diseases that only a few traces of it are left. By 1850 most of the native materials had been given up by surviving Indians and replaced by trade implements brought by the whites. It was, therefore, with considerable interest that Mr. Leatherman began excavations in December, 1938, at a small Indian village site at the mouth of Coquille River, Coo…
North America
The Basic Needs of American Archaeology”— A Commentary
Contributions to Oregon Coast Prehistory
Native civilization in western Oregon disintegrated so rapidly under white influence and white men's diseases that only a few traces of it are left. By 1850 most of the native materials had been given up by surviving Indians and replaced by trade implements brought by the whites. It was, therefore, with considerable interest that Mr. Leatherman began excavations in December, 1938, at a small Indian village site at the mouth of Coquille River, Coo…
The Typological Concept
This paper is an attempt to clarify the meaning of the terms 'type' and 'variation' when applied to archaeological materials. Although they are used constantly in speech and literature in almost every conceivable context, it must be admitted that archaeology has no generally accepted, impersonal methods of establishing the scope and application of these terms. Kluckhohn has recently written:Our techniques of observing and recording are admittedly…
An Inquiry Into Supposed Mexican Influence on a Prehistoric "Cult" in the Southern United States1
Notes on Some Ceramic Techniques and Intrusions in Central Mexico
In this paper we wish to point out (1) certain occurrences of cord-marked and stamped pottery in Mexico which possibly bear relationship to similar decorative techniques in the eastern United States, and (2) a few instances of trade pottery in central Mexico which point to an origin in more northerly cultures. Neither author pretends to be intimately acquainted with ceramic problems in Middle America, and this account is incompletely documented. …
The Archaeological Zone of Buena Vista, Huaxcama, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
During the field season of 1941-42, joint excavations were undertaken in the Huasteca territory by the American Museum of Natural History and the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. The American Museum had appointed Dr. Gordon Ekholm to investigate this area as a part of the program sponsored by the Institute of Andean Research. The Instituto Nacional appointed Wilfrido Du Solier to collaborate with Ekholm because of his (Du Solier's) …
The Eastward Extension of Puebloan Datings toward Cultures of the Mississippi Valley
This article is based on an address to the society for American Archaeology at its annual meeting on May 17, 1946 at Indianpolis. A following address by Dr. Waldo R. Wedel desalt with the chronology of central Plains cultures. As the two chronologies embraced a very considerable portion of the United States and were in rather remarkably close agreement, it was suggested by retiring editor Byers that they be published in this journal
Description of Resident (Alto Focus) Pottery
The various potteries supposedly made at the Davis site are described below, as (1) types, and (2) descriptive groups of uncertain typological affiliation. The statistics cited are taken from Tables 3-11 and the summaries in Tables 13-14. Descriptions of each major type have been made in the approved outline form of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference and are on file in the Anthropology Department of the University of Texas. They are not p…
Other Clay Artifacts
Nineteen ear spools are clay, probably tempered, polished, and fired in the same way as pottery vessels. Of these, one is part of a solid, bi-concave disk (Fig. 53, U); one is a small ring with slightly concave perimeter (Fig. 53, V); and the other 17 are parts of rings with strong flanges around both edges on the exterior (Fig. 53, W, X). The 17 fragments are from no less than 13 different rings, probably 15, but no definite pairs can be seen. F…
Physical Stratigraphy
The accompanying Figure 26 was made by the writer from Newell's field notes and profiles. These profiles summarize the potential stratigraphy within the excavated leg of the mound in terms of the actual sequence of construction. ( All remarks hereafter on the construction of “the mound” must be taken to apply only to the excavated eastern leg, subject to possible correction if and when the other leg is examined .) It will be shown that not all th…
Analysis of the Artifacts
In the two preceding sections, a structural framework for the site has been given which will enable the reader to visualize the manner in which artifacts were correlated with the growth of the mound. With this in mind, it should be clear in the discussion below what I mean by experimentation in establishing valid types. That is to say, it was necessary to create trial “types” first, plot them against the physical strata of the site, first in one …
Cultural Stratigraphy
In the preceding section, a number of “zones” were established in the mound and surrounding fields, providing a framework within which to reconstruct cultural development at the site. We can now try to view the history of the site in somewhat broader terms, organizing the zones into stages of development, marked by such events as changing tastes and the appearance of new traits. The sequence of construction of the great mound may first be briefly…
The Alto Focus
Below are given trait lists of the three mound phases, together constituting an Alto Focus. The “phase” framework is only a convenience for discussing what happened. At no time was there any pronounced change, it being quite evident that the three phases apply to a single cultural continuum undergoing subtle changes of two kinds: (1) modifications and innovations arising within the resident group, including the transfer of attributes from one typ…
Presumed Trade and Aberrant Pottery
The pottery in the following sections is not considered to belong to the Alto Focus complex, but to occur with it at different points in the Davis site occupation by trade or other means. If the writer appears to vacillate over what is and what is not trade pottery here, it is due in part to the problem of separating what could have been produced at the site (as extreme variations of resident styles) from what probably was not (because of some di…
Conclusions
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Affiliations of the Alto Focus
The following discussions are necessarily abbreviated. The check-list method of showing trait presence or absence in other sites or cultures, while generally used to show “relationships,” will not be followed here. For one thing, these lists are almost always incomplete, the traits being followed only so far as the analyst has the time or the interest to follow them. For another, they are only inventories, with little if anything to do with cultu…
Stone Artifacts
With some exceptions, notably the projectile points, the various artifacts of stone, flint, and pigment are simple in nature and will be but briefly described. Figures 53-61 provide illustrations of nearly every descriptive grouping, specimens having been selected to show ranges of variation; the more variation —as in projectile point types—the more specimens are shown. Tables 17-18 show the stratigraphic position of all stone artifacts and pigme…
Copper
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Food Remains and Charred Material
The vegetal remains, shells, and animal bones recovered from the site are, for the most part, evidence of the foods consumed here. They are arranged below by the phases and features in which they were found. Table 16 presents the associations with buildings, arranged according to position on floors, in subfloor pits, in postholes, or in fireplaces
Association of Artifacts and Food Remains with Buildings
Table 15 summarizes the occurrences of pottery types and descriptive groupings in the buildings. As discussed in the section on Cultural Stratigraphy (pp. 66-70), some of the round houses under the mound were positively in Phase 1 because they were overlapped by the first mound fills, the four “small round mounds” called Zones 2 to 5. Features 10-18 were included in Phase 1 because they agreed with sub-mound houses in all particulars, and Newell’…
The George C. Davis Site, Cherokee County, Texas
A Radiocarbon Date on the Davis Site in East Texas
In a letter dated Jan. 12, 1951, James B. Griffin informed me of a radiocarbon date on the Davis site, received from W. F. Libby of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago. An age of 1553 ± 175 years was obtained on charred corn cobs from a floor pit of feature 31, a large circular house outline in the submound village. According to the published interpretation, feature 31 belongs to phase 1 of the Alto focus, had most of the pot…
Stephenson's 'Culture Chronology in Texas
When a synthesis such as Stephenson's appears, those concerned with it had better speak up, lest silence be mistaken for approval. Synthesis can only be helpful to the rest of the profession if done as accurately as available information permits. 'Culture Chronology in Texas' is not entirely accurate. A line-for-line criticism of this article would require a good deal of explanation and documentation; hence I will confine my remarks to what seem …
Greenhouse
Archaeology (33 obras) · History (31 obras) · Computer Science (21 obras) · Geography (20 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (16 obras) · Archaeology and Natural History (15 obras) · History (13 obras) · Geology (12 obras) · Geology (12 obras) · Pottery (9 obras)