David J Mattingly
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 956943 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David J Mattingly |
| PRENOMES | David J |
| SOBRENOME | Mattingly |
| ASSINATURA | MATTINGLY D J |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1988 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Imperial power and its limits
Between Sahara and Sea
Medieval Boom in the North-west Sahara
Modern scholarship on the medieval Sahara has focused on a handful of famous entrepôt sites that have their origins in the 8th century or later, and as a result we still understand very poorly the nature and extent of Saharan oasis settlement and agriculture in the golden age of Saharan trade. This article presents the first securely dated chronology for oasis development in the north-west Sahara based on three seasons of archaeological survey an…
Mohammed Ibrahim Khalifa al-Mashai 1 January 1957–2 April 2021
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Garamantian Oasis Settlements in Fazzan
In this chapter we present a case study of early oasis development relating to the area of south-west Libya known as Fazzan and the ancient people known as the Garamantes. The Garamantes were first firmly identified with this area by Duveyrier in the mid-nineteenth century. As will be explained in more detail below, the archaeological rediscovery of the Garamantes properly commenced with a pioneering Italian mission in 1933. There were some large…
Introduction to the Themes of Sedentarisation, Urbanisation and State Formation in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond
This volume explores a series of linked themes that have wide relevance in world archaeology: sedentarisation, urbanisation and state formation. In this opening chapter we review some of the key background to recent debate on these themes and identify some of the Saharan particularities which complicate the application of models developed elsewhere. A dominant discourse on the Sahara throughout history has been the idea of a ‘nomad menace’, coupl…
Pre-Islamic Oasis Settlements in the Eastern Sahara
This chapter will review the evidence of early oasis development in Western Egypt and Eastern Libya, broadly following the course of the ‘route of the oases’, running west from the Nile to Siwa, then onwards to Awjila and al-Jufra in Libya, where it met the major north-south route from the Mediterranean to Garamantian Fazzan and beyond to Chad. The evidence presented for pre-Islamic oasis development is particularly strong in this part of the Sah…
Pre-Islamic Oasis Settlements in the Southern Sahara
The southern oases of the Sahara can be split into two broad groups. First, there are a series located in and around the Saharan mountain ranges. From east to west these are: Ennedi, Tibesti, Aïr, Tassili n’Ajjer, Ahaggar and Adrar des Ilforas. These massifs receive higher levels of rainfall than other parts of the Sahara, resulting in seasonal rivers that feed permanent bodies of water (small lakes or pools/gueltas) or that support a high water …
Pre-Islamic Oasis Settlements in the Northern Sahara
This chapter focuses on the oases of the northern Sahara, both those close to and in some cases incorporated within the frontiers of the Roman provinces of Africa. With the exception of some outstanding contributions from our co-author Pol Trousset, there has been little consideration of the potential scale or on the ground reality of oasis development in the Roman frontier region. This is only partly explicable in terms of the lack of detailed a…
Technology in the Sahara and Beyond
The concluding discussion in this chapter addresses several issues. In the first place it draws together the threads of discussion that run through the individual chapters relating to the nature of technology and technological transfer in the Sahara. It reflects on ‘what is a mobile technology?’, ‘how to study technology in the Sahara’, ‘difficulties and solutions’ and ‘connections’. The second half of the chapter broadens the discussion to consi…
State Formation in the Sahara and Beyond
In this concluding chapter we focus on debates about state formation and to what extent it is possible to recognise historical instances of this key process among Saharan societies. Here we make the case for a dynamic Saharan history with frequent episodes of urbanisation and state formation in the past. However, we also emphasise the ephemeral nature of these polities, which challenges more evolutionary models of the rise of towns and states. To…
Pre-Islamic Oasis Settlements in the North-Western Sahara
This chapter focuses on the northern oases of the Western Sahara Fig. 6.1). As with the Northern Sahara, the North-western Sahara has also too often been dismissed as wholly nomadic before the development of Arab trading networks. There have been only limited attempts to view the region as a whole, as opposed to restricted studies of the different oasis groups. In this chapter we start with the western end of the Saharan Atlas and move west towar…
Urbanisation and State Formation in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond
The themes of sedentarisation, urbanisation and state formation are fundamental ones in the archaeology of many diverse parts of the world but have been little explored in relation to early societies of the Saharan zone. Moreover, the possibility has rarely been considered that the precocious civilisations bordering this vast desert were interconnected by long-range contacts and knowledge networks. The orthodox opinion of many of the key oasis zo…
Dying to Be Garamantian
The previous chapter introduced the Garamantes, an ancient Saharan people, whose story can be traced archaeologically through the first millennium BC and first millennium AD (see also Figs 1.1and 1.2 for location maps). This chapter presents evidence on the funerary practices of the Garamantian heartlands in the Wadi al-Ajal in the Libyan Fazzan (Central Sahara). The Wadi al-Ajal is a long and thin oasis depression running for c. 150 km from al-A…
Burials, Migration and Identity
This book is the second volume of four proposed thematic books on aspects of the archaeology and history of what we term the Trans-Saharan zone – broadly conceived of as the vast spaces of Maghrib, Sahara and Sub-Saharan Sahel between the Atlantic in the west, the Mediterranean in the north, the Nile in the east and the equatorial African forests in the south. The territorial expanse of this zone is huge and, given the hostile climate and environ…
Concluding Discussion
At the start of this volume, we outlined three main themes: burial archaeology, migration and identity. In this concluding chapter, we revisit these themes in light of the varied case studies and examples explored in this book. We believe this volume illustrates that there is irrefutable evidence of links and connections that serve to define a Trans-Saharan zone at an early date. Migration and mobility created networks of connectivity and element…
The Middle Draa Project (Morocco)
The Middle Draa Project (2015–18) is a pioneering survey of the archaeology of a c.200 km long valley at the northern edge of the Moroccan Sahara. Combining mapping from satellite imagery, field survey and trial excavation, the project has established a new baseline for the region's archaeological heritage. This paper concentrates on the main results in relation to the Protohistoric (Iron Age) phase, when the first steps towards sedentarisation a…
The Society for Libyan Studies archive
This paper presents an update on the development of the Society for Libyan Studies archive. We begin with a brief reminder about the history of the archive and its current location, moving on to explain the challenging cataloguing process and future plans for digitisation, of both the catalogue and the physical contents of the archive. We also look at the potential of the archive for researchers and outline a few projects that recently benefited …
A road less travelled? The Society for Libyan Studies and the landscape archaeology of Libya's early civilisations
This contribution explores a key dimension of the work of the Society for Libyan Studies concerning the archaeology of Libya's Protohistoric and early historic periods (broadly first millennium BC and first millennium AD). This primarily concerns the archaeology of rural landscapes (including the desert) and the investigation of the ancient Libyan populations that inhabited them. Taking an autobiographical approach, I review the contributions to …
The Scritti Africani of Professor Antonino Di Vita
The publication of a two volume compendium of the key work on Roman Africa by Professor Antonino di Vita provides a suitable moment to review his career achievements. The main focus of his work was Tripolitania, with a particular emphasis on the great cities of Sabratha and Lepcis Magna, but the Scritti Africani demonstrate the extraordinary range of his expertise and interests
The origins and development of Zuwīla, Libyan Sahara
Zuwīla in southwestern Libya (Fazzān) was one of the most important early Islamic centres in the Central Sahara, but the archaeological correlates of the written sources for it have been little explored. This paper brings together for the first time a detailed consideration of the relevant historical and archaeological data, together with new AMS radiocarbon dates from several key monuments. The origins of the settlement at Zuwīla were pre-Islami…
Family Values
This chapter concerns the intersection of art and power in the Roman world, as well as how we study Roman art. A common emphasis on the formal qualities of so-called Romanized art has created the perception of art as symbolic of the success of Rome and of the acquiescence of indigenous peoples to its rule. From this perspective, provincial art can easily be dismissed as an often inadequate imitation of Roman style and images. In turn, this tenden…
Regime Change, Resistance, and Reconstruction
This chapter introduces the theme of power in relation to a still expansionist Rome in the first century AD. It concerns a specific example of the way in which imperial policy was enacted through the use of client kings in advance of directly controlled territory. The larger purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the flagrant way in which Rome devised policy (and reinvented history) to suit its own interests. Loyal and trusted imperial clients …
Landscapes of Imperialism
In recent years, a strong case has been made for identifying intensive economic growth in the provinces of Africa Proconsularis and Numidia—notably, between the second and fourth centuries AD. This thesis is supported by comparative studies of other preindustrial societies, since Roman Africa reveals virtually all the classic elements associated with this phenomenon. These include growth in agricultural production and rural population, an increas…
Ruling Regions, Exploiting Resources
In recent years, debate has started to explore the tensions between global and local aspects of the Roman economic world. This chapter argues that the Roman economy is not only best understood as an agglomeration of globalized regional economies but that we can also define a series of major mechanisms at work that governed discrete areas of economic activity. In particular, it focuses on the role of the state as a motor of economic activity throu…
Roman Africa
The significance of the African provinces is well-appreciated in historical studies of the Roman Empire, but there is a distinct lack of good summaries in English on recent developments in the field of study. Some introductory books sacrifice readability in favour of detail, others offer a more synthetic view, but lack depth. The bibliography is now vast and ever more intimidating for the uninitiated; we hope that what follows will serve both as …
Imperialism, Power, and Identity
Despite what history has taught us about imperialism's destructive effects on colonial societies, many classicists continue to emphasize disproportionately the civilizing and assimilative nature of the Roman Empire and to hold a generally favorable view of Rome's impact on its subject peoples. This book boldly challenges this view using insights from postcolonial studies of modern empires to offer a more nuanced understanding of Roman imperialism…
Preliminary report on fieldwork at Euesperides (Benghazi) in October 1994
In October 1994, a small Anglo-Libyan team carried out a short field season on the site of Euesperides in the suburbs of Benghazi. The work was intended as the prelude to the renewal of excavation and more detailed investigation of this important Greco-Libyan town of the sixth to third century BC. Through selective recording of trenches dug recently by the Department of Antiquties on the north side of the site and of exposed sections in a redevel…
The Fezzan Project 1998
The Fezzan Project is investigating the last 10,000 years of human settlement, landscape evolution and climatic change in the Germa region in southern Libya. The second season in February–March 1998 comprised interdisciplinary research in archaeology and geography, centred around excavation and survey work carried out at the site of Old Germa. To date, three phases of mud brick buildings have been partially explored. In addition, wider geomorphol…
Medieval Boom in the North-west Sahara
Modern scholarship on the medieval Sahara has focused on a handful of famous entrepôt sites that have their origins in the 8th century or later, and as a result we still understand very poorly the nature and extent of Saharan oasis settlement and agriculture in the golden age of Saharan trade. This article presents the first securely dated chronology for oasis development in the north-west Sahara based on three seasons of archaeological survey an…
A road less travelled? The Society for Libyan Studies and the landscape archaeology of Libya's early civilisations
This contribution explores a key dimension of the work of the Society for Libyan Studies concerning the archaeology of Libya's Protohistoric and early historic periods (broadly first millennium BC and first millennium AD). This primarily concerns the archaeology of rural landscapes (including the desert) and the investigation of the ancient Libyan populations that inhabited them. Taking an autobiographical approach, I review the contributions to …
The Archaeology of Fazzan, Vol. 4
The Fezzan Project 2000
The fourth season of the Fezzan Project continued the interdisciplinary approaches of previous seasons. Geographical and environmental work focused principally in sampling sediments for scientific dating and with integrating ground observation with remote sensing data. Excavations continued at Old Germa, where the site has now reached Garamantian levels. In a separate development, the tentative identification has been made of an early mosque at t…
The Fezzan Project 1999
This report summarises the work of the third season of the Fezzan project which took place in January 1999. The main environmental findings of the project team of specialist geographers are providing confirmation of dramatic climatic and environmental change over the last 100,000 years and give more precise dates for some of these changes. The excavations in Old Germa (ancient Garama) have continued through Islamic levels, with elements of five m…
Megalithic Madness and Measurement. Or How Many Olives Could an Olive Press Press?
Nineteenth century explorers and travellers in north‐west Libya were intrigued by the hundreds of well‐preserved stone structures which they took to be prehistoric megaliths of ritual significance. H.S. Cowper made a particular study of them in this belief, measuring, sketching and photographing quite a number of the monuments. The admirably meticulous character of his work was undone by his fanciful interpretation and it was soon revealed that t…
The landscape of imperialism
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Roman Africa
The significance of the African provinces is well-appreciated in historical studies of the Roman Empire, but there is a distinct lack of good summaries in English on recent developments in the field of study. Some introductory books sacrifice readability in favour of detail, others offer a more synthetic view, but lack depth. The bibliography is now vast and ever more intimidating for the uninitiated; we hope that what follows will serve both as …
Preliminary report on fieldwork at Euesperides (Benghazi) in October 1994
In October 1994, a small Anglo-Libyan team carried out a short field season on the site of Euesperides in the suburbs of Benghazi. The work was intended as the prelude to the renewal of excavation and more detailed investigation of this important Greco-Libyan town of the sixth to third century BC. Through selective recording of trenches dug recently by the Department of Antiquties on the north side of the site and of exposed sections in a redevel…
The Fezzan Project 1998
The Fezzan Project is investigating the last 10,000 years of human settlement, landscape evolution and climatic change in the Germa region in southern Libya. The second season in February–March 1998 comprised interdisciplinary research in archaeology and geography, centred around excavation and survey work carried out at the site of Old Germa. To date, three phases of mud brick buildings have been partially explored. In addition, wider geomorphol…
The Fezzan Project 1999
This report summarises the work of the third season of the Fezzan project which took place in January 1999. The main environmental findings of the project team of specialist geographers are providing confirmation of dramatic climatic and environmental change over the last 100,000 years and give more precise dates for some of these changes. The excavations in Old Germa (ancient Garama) have continued through Islamic levels, with elements of five m…
The Feeding of Imperial Rome
The Fezzan Project 2000
The fourth season of the Fezzan Project continued the interdisciplinary approaches of previous seasons. Geographical and environmental work focused principally in sampling sediments for scientific dating and with integrating ground observation with remote sensing data. Excavations continued at Old Germa, where the site has now reached Garamantian levels. In a separate development, the tentative identification has been made of an early mosque at t…
Economies Beyond Agriculture in the Classical World
Beyond belief? Drawing a line beneath the consumer city
The ideal type of the ‘consumer city’, adopted and improved by Moses Finley, has dominated theoretical thinking about Greek and Roman cities in the late twentieth century.1 This has been an astonishing late renaissance for Weber’s sociological models first outlined in 1909.2 Many historians have followed the consensus view that with a few rare exceptions (Rome, Athens, Alexandria, Carthage, etc.), the cities of the ancient world depended on the e…
The Archaeology of Fazzan, Vol. 2
Family Values
This chapter concerns the intersection of art and power in the Roman world, as well as how we study Roman art. A common emphasis on the formal qualities of so-called Romanized art has created the perception of art as symbolic of the success of Rome and of the acquiescence of indigenous peoples to its rule. From this perspective, provincial art can easily be dismissed as an often inadequate imitation of Roman style and images. In turn, this tenden…
Regime Change, Resistance, and Reconstruction
This chapter introduces the theme of power in relation to a still expansionist Rome in the first century AD. It concerns a specific example of the way in which imperial policy was enacted through the use of client kings in advance of directly controlled territory. The larger purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the flagrant way in which Rome devised policy (and reinvented history) to suit its own interests. Loyal and trusted imperial clients …
Landscapes of Imperialism
In recent years, a strong case has been made for identifying intensive economic growth in the provinces of Africa Proconsularis and Numidia—notably, between the second and fourth centuries AD. This thesis is supported by comparative studies of other preindustrial societies, since Roman Africa reveals virtually all the classic elements associated with this phenomenon. These include growth in agricultural production and rural population, an increas…
Ruling Regions, Exploiting Resources
In recent years, debate has started to explore the tensions between global and local aspects of the Roman economic world. This chapter argues that the Roman economy is not only best understood as an agglomeration of globalized regional economies but that we can also define a series of major mechanisms at work that governed discrete areas of economic activity. In particular, it focuses on the role of the state as a motor of economic activity throu…
From Imperium to Imperialism
This chapter reviews the traditional understandings of the Roman Empire and reflects on how recent developments in the study of imperialism more generally could influence the future of Roman studies. It explores problems with the orthodox paradigm of Romanization and highlights the need for alternative interpretative frameworks. It presents a case for applying the concept of creolization to the Roman Empire, despite its connotations primarily wit…
Identity and Discrepancy
This chapter explores aspects of identity in the Roman provinces, with an emphasis on examples from Britain and North Africa. The first section reviews current approaches to identity and related problems (including a reprise of some of the difficulties with the Romanization paradigm). The second section explains the notions of “discrepant experience” of empire and the existence of “discrepant identities” within provincial communities. The third a…
Imperialism, Power, and Identity
The Archaeology of Fazzan, Vol. 4
Imperialism, Power, and Identity
Despite what history has taught us about imperialism's destructive effects on colonial societies, many classicists continue to emphasize disproportionately the civilizing and assimilative nature of the Roman Empire and to hold a generally favorable view of Rome's impact on its subject peoples. This book boldly challenges this view using insights from postcolonial studies of modern empires to offer a more nuanced understanding of Roman imperialism…
The origins and development of Zuwīla, Libyan Sahara
Zuwīla in southwestern Libya (Fazzān) was one of the most important early Islamic centres in the Central Sahara, but the archaeological correlates of the written sources for it have been little explored. This paper brings together for the first time a detailed consideration of the relevant historical and archaeological data, together with new AMS radiocarbon dates from several key monuments. The origins of the settlement at Zuwīla were pre-Islami…
The Scritti Africani of Professor Antonino Di Vita
The publication of a two volume compendium of the key work on Roman Africa by Professor Antonino di Vita provides a suitable moment to review his career achievements. The main focus of his work was Tripolitania, with a particular emphasis on the great cities of Sabratha and Lepcis Magna, but the Scritti Africani demonstrate the extraordinary range of his expertise and interests
Dying to Be Garamantian
The previous chapter introduced the Garamantes, an ancient Saharan people, whose story can be traced archaeologically through the first millennium BC and first millennium AD (see also Figs 1.1and 1.2 for location maps). This chapter presents evidence on the funerary practices of the Garamantian heartlands in the Wadi al-Ajal in the Libyan Fazzan (Central Sahara). The Wadi al-Ajal is a long and thin oasis depression running for c. 150 km from al-A…
Burials, Migration and Identity
This book is the second volume of four proposed thematic books on aspects of the archaeology and history of what we term the Trans-Saharan zone – broadly conceived of as the vast spaces of Maghrib, Sahara and Sub-Saharan Sahel between the Atlantic in the west, the Mediterranean in the north, the Nile in the east and the equatorial African forests in the south. The territorial expanse of this zone is huge and, given the hostile climate and environ…
Concluding Discussion
At the start of this volume, we outlined three main themes: burial archaeology, migration and identity. In this concluding chapter, we revisit these themes in light of the varied case studies and examples explored in this book. We believe this volume illustrates that there is irrefutable evidence of links and connections that serve to define a Trans-Saharan zone at an early date. Migration and mobility created networks of connectivity and element…
History (29 obras) · Geography (26 obras) · Archaeology (25 obras) · African Studies and Geopolitics (21 obras) · Ancient history (12 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (12 obras) · Art (10 obras) · Classical Antiquity Studies (10 obras) · History (9 obras) · Sociology (9 obras)